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The Equestrian statue - a study of its history and the problems associated with its creationDuffey, Alexander Edward January 1982 (has links)
Through the ages the portrayal of man on horseback has provided the
sculptor with the chall~nge to solve one of the most baffling
compositional problems in Art. The problem involves the balancing of
a vertical mass on a large horizontal one, which in its turn rests on
slender supports. To add to the complexity, the natural gait of the
horse is unsuitable for artistic reproduction and must be skilfully
modified so as to look natural and be aesthetically acceptable.
Further, horse and rider must form a unity, which reflects the
character of the rider.
In spite of the formidable technical, compositional and aesthetic
problems associated with this type of sculpture, the monumental
equestrian statue has always been a popular form for honouring
heroes and sovereigns. The representation of man controlling the
powerful majestic horse and at the same time looking down on his
fellow men from his elevated position on the back of the horse,
appealed to the depostic ruler as well as to the man on the street.
The monumental equestrian statue had its origin in the sixth century
B.C. in ancient Greece. Since then it has flourished in times of
autocracy. The ancient Greeks solved most of the technical,
compositional and aesthetic problems of the equestrian statue. The Romans inherited the tradition of erecting equestrian statues from
the Greeks and made it the sole privilege of sovereigns. Solutions to
technical and compositional problems were taken over directly from the
Greeks. The Romans, however, preferred bronze as a medium
instead of marble. In spite of the compositional freedom which the
use of bronze gave the sculptors, the Romans preferred a rest fur
figure showing a rider as triumphator.
During the Middle Ages most of the Roman equestrian statues were
destroyed, with the exception of a few. The Marcus Aurelius in
Rome was mistaken for a statue of Emperor Constantine, the first
Christian emperor, and it was spared. Since it showed a barbarian
beneath the forelegs of the horse, the statue became symbolic of
Christianity overcoming paganism. In this sense the equestrian
statue acquired symbolic funerary implications. Stone was the
favourite medium and the sculptors of the Middle Ages solved
numerous problems associated with the creation of an equestrian
statue in this medium. Bronze equestrian figures were neglected
because the technical know-how of the Greeks and Romans had been
lost.
The Renaissance once more focussed the attention on the individual,
thereby reviving the truly secular commemorative equestrian statue of
Classic Antiquity. Technical, compositional and aesthetic secrets of
Antiquity were gleaned from surviving equestrian statues and antique
sources. Donatello revived the Roman tradition of monumental bronze
equestrian statues with his Gattamelata, while Verrocchio created the
first secular equestrian monument since Antiquity with his Colleoni
equestrian monument. Although Leonardo's Sforza and Trivulzio
equestrian statues have not survived, the solutions which he found to
technical, compositional and aesthetic problems while working on them,
were to have a profound influence on all later equestrian statutes. A
complete revisal of the commentaries on his notes connected with these
monuments have proved that he not only renewed the entire technical
approach to this sculptural form, but he also found new compositional
and aesthetic solutioDuring the period from the Baroque to the end of the nineteenth
century, Leonardo's innovations were implemented. The Giambologna
studio in Italy established the proto-types for all Baroque equestrian
statues. The French inherited this tradition. A complete history of
all the French equestrian statues before the French Revolution is
given. During the nineteenth century technical improvements
resulted in the mass production of equestrian statues throughout the
world.
A complete history of all the equestrian monuments in South Africa is
given and it is indicated how this form was adapted to South African
conditions. Modern technical and compositional methods are discussed
and evaluated.ns which completely revolutionised the creation of
equestrian statues. / Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 1982. / gm2014 / Historical and Heritage Studies / Unrestricted
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The Effect of Therapeutic Riding on Classroom Attention of Children with Developmental DisabilitiesPatterson, Morgan Jessica 14 August 2015 (has links)
Research indicates children with disabilities benefit from therapeutic horseback riding (TR). This study examined the impact TR had on attention behaviors of five children with various developmental disabilities in a preschool classroom. Children were observed in the classroom setting twice weekly for 10 weeks on a day they participated in TR services and on a day they did not participate in TR. Single case experiments suggested there was not a significant difference in all but one child’s sustained attention in the classroom on days children received TR services. An independent samples t-test suggested there was no significant difference in scores between riding day (M<./I> = 1.78, SD =.247) and non-riding days (M = 1.76, SD = .262); t(87) = -.481, p = .632 for the group as a whole. Further research should be conducted to determine TR’s effect on behaviors in the classroom.
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Effects of an Equine Assisted Activities Program on Youth with Emotional Disturbance: A Pilot StudyStebbins, Tira J. 20 August 2012 (has links)
No description available.
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Analýza rozvoje hipoturistiky v regionu Českolipsko a Jizerské hory / Analysis of development of horseback riding tourism in the region of Českolipsko and Jizerské MountainsKrykorková, Petra January 2011 (has links)
The aim of this diploma thesis is to analyze the current state of horseback riding tourism in the region of Liberec, focusing on Česká Lípa and Jizerské mountains. Secondary objectives include offering a summary of theoretical knowledge about horseback riding as a form of tourism; monitoring activities of the Equestrian Trails Association of Liberecký region and giving analysis of Liberecký region; analysis of supply of services connected with horseback riding tourism and analysis of demand for these services. The thesis should help people interested in horseback riding as well as owners of horse back riding facilities. It should mention the role of horses and the difficulty of their breeding, give the characteristics of Liberecký region, map the current state of equestrian trails, monitor the situation of services offered and demanded and compare the situation with other regions and an example from abroad.
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Sällskapsdjurs påverkan av barn med autismspektrumtillstånd : En litteraturstudieNordqvist, Victoria, Svahn, Kristin January 2015 (has links)
Bakgrund: I Sverige har cirka 95000 människor någon form av autismspektrumtillstånd. Autismspektrumtillstånd är en kognitiv funktionsnedsättning där problem som kommunikation, sociala samspel och föreställningsförmåga kan uppstå. Djur i vården påverkar positivt på människans hälsa. Djurunderstödda interventioner är aktiviteter eller terapiformer som sjuksköterskan kan använda vid omvårdnad av barn med autismspektrumtillstånd. Syfte: Att beskriva hur sällskapsdjur påverkar samt upplevs påverka barn med autismspektrumtillstånd. Dessutom var syftet att beskriva hur barnets familj upplever påverkan av sällskapsdjur. Vidare var syftet att beskriva de inkluderade artiklarnas datainsamlingsmetod. Metod: Beskrivande litteraturstudie. Tio vetenskapliga artiklar varav två med kvalitativ ansats och åtta med kvantitativ ansats. Huvudresultat: Sammanställning av artiklarna resulterade i fyra teman: social funktion, inlärning och kommunikation, psykisk hälsa samt fysisk hälsa. Förbättringar kunde ses vid djurunderstödda interventioner som hästterapi eller kontakt med hund. Hundar upplevdes kunna fungera som en distraktion samt inge lugn till barnen, liksom upplevdes öka trygghet för familjen. Autistiska symtom minskade signifikant, liksom antalet vredesutbrott, ilska och ångest upplevdes minska. Uppmärksamhet, social funktion, motorik, samt social och fysisk motivation förbättrades. Ridterapi ökade även den sociala interaktionen mellan förälder och barn. Enkäter och beteendeskalor var de mest framträdande datainsamlingsmetoderna i artiklarna. Slutsats: Djurunderstödda interventioner har visat ge positiv påverkan hos barn med autismspektrumtillstånd, liksom hjälpt familjen till en mer hållbar vardag. Antalet vetenskapliga studier är begränsat, varav ytterligare forskning krävs för en god evidens inom området. / Background: In Sweden there are around 95,000 people who have some form of Autism Spectrum Disorder. The Autism Spectrum Disorder itself, is a cognitive disability where problems can occur in such areas as communication, social interactions and detached imaginations. Animal assisted therapy has shown positive effects in human health care. Animal assisted treatments, in the form of an activity or therapy is a way for nurses to treat children with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Aim: First to describe both the perceived and measured affects of animal assisted therapy on children with Austism Spectrum Disorder. Secondly, to describe how the childrens' families perceive the affects of animal assisted therapy. The aim was also to describe the method used to gather data for the article. Methods: A literature study was conducted using ten scientific articles, of which two were qualitative and eight were quantitative. Results: A summary of the articles resulted in four themes; social functions, learning and communication, physical health and psychological health. Improvements could be seen when in contact with horses or dogs. The family perceived the dog as both a distraction and a calming effect on the child, as well as giving the family a sense of security. Autistic symptoms were significantly reduced, as well as a perceived reduction of anger, frequency of tantrums and anxiety. Awareness, social functioning, motor skills, and physical motivation were improved. The social connection between child and parents improved with equine assisted therapy. Questionnaires and behavior measures were the most prominent methods used to gather data. Conclusions: Animal assisted therapy has proven beneficial amongst children with Autism Spectrum Disorder, and also contributed to parents having a more sustainable living situation. The amount of scientific studies are limited within this field. More research is necessary in order to show convincing evidence.
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The Effects of Therapeutic Horseback Riding on Children with Autism Spectrum DisorderPrevost, Summer Gabrielle January 2018 (has links)
No description available.
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Jezdecká turistika v mimoškolní výchově (Případová studie na Základní škole Dolní Hbity) / Equestrian tourism in extracurricular education (Case study in elementary school of Dolní Hbity)Lehocká, Iveta January 2016 (has links)
Topic: Equestrian tourism in extracurricular education (Case study in elementary school of Dolní Hbity) Goal of the work: Explore technical and financial options for implementation of equestrian tourism in elementary school of Dolni Hbity in term of special interest. Get to know the interest of parents and students about the equestrian tourism and its related financial options. Method: In research we chose 61 parents, whose kids are attending elementary school of Dolni Hbity, district Pribram. Data related to integration of equestrian tourism in elementary school of Dolni Hbity in term of special interest we got our information from survey by closed and opened answers. Results: From parents and students side is shown interest about special event equestrian tourism in elementary school Dolni Hbity. There is a realistic option for creation equestrian tourism special event on chosen school. It is still not solved how to offer the equestrian tourism special event even to a social weaker families. Key words: free time, interest education, school age, nature, horseback riding, tourism, horse
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Vliv plemene koně a typu terénu na aktivaci břišních svalů v hipoterapii / Influence of horse breed and type of terrain on activation of the abdominal muscles in hippotherapyFraňková, Věra January 2016 (has links)
Title: Influence of horse breed and type of terrain on activation of the abdominal muscles in hippotherapy. Purposes: The aim of the study is to find out if horse breed and type of terrain approaches muscle activation in the position of unassisted sitting Methods: The study is of intraindividual character and incudes theoretical and practical part. The activation of abdominal muscles was measured by using surface electromyography and kinematic analysis. Results: There was differance between muscle activation with a different type of terrain. Horse breed does not influence a muscle activation but the individual biomechanic of each horse. Key words: hippotherapy, hipporehabilitation, horse breed, activation of abdominal muscles, unassisted seat, therapeutic horseback riding, electromyography
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Vliv plemene koně a typu terénu na aktivaci břišních svalů v hipoterapii / Influence of horse breed and type of terrain on activation of the abdominal muscles in hippotherapyFraňková, Věra January 2015 (has links)
Title: Influence of horse breed and type of terrain on activation of the abdominal muscles in hippotherapy. Purposes: The aim of the study is to find out if horse breed and type of terrain approaches muscle activation in the position of unassisted sitting Methods: The study is of intraindividual character and incudes theoretical and practical part. The activation of abdominal muscles was measured by using surface electromyography and kinematic analysis. Results: There was differance between muscle activation with a different type of terrain. Horse breed does not influence a muscle activation but the individual biomechanic of each horse. Key words: hippotherapy, hipporehabilitation, horse breed, activation of abdominal muscles, unassisted seat, therapeutic horseback riding, electromyography
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Retrospektive Analyse von Unfällen und Verletzungen bei Kindern und Jugendlichen im häuslichen Umfeld und während der Ausübung von Sportarten / Retrospective analysis of home and sport related accidents and injuries on children and adolescentsRasing, Nina Sophie 28 January 2019 (has links)
No description available.
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