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Bakgrund: Demens är den fjärde största folksjukdomen i Sverige. Ofta behandla demens med läkemedel för Behavioural and Psychological Symtoms in Dementia (BPSD) som ger olika biverkningar. Det finns ett stadigt samband mellan umgänge med djur och livskvalitet där termer som återhämtning, trivsel och stressreduktion räknas in. Alternativa metoder som djur i omvårdnaden av personer med demens bör därför övervägas för att förbättra dementas livskvalitet. Syfte: Att beskriva forskning om djur i omvårdnad av personer med demens och hur det kan förbättra deras livskvalitet. Metod: En litteraturöversikt där resultatet var baserat på tio vetenskapliga artiklar hämtade från databaserna Cinahl, Pubmed, Psychinfo och Web of Science publicerade mellan 2011-2016. Nio av artiklarna var kvantitativa, en var kvalitativ. Resultat: Deltagarnas emotionella och kognitiva status påverkades av umgänge med djur. Glädje var en känsla som uppstod och som sedan resulterade i att deltagarna log. Depression och nedstämdhet påverkades i en positiv riktning i flera studier där djur implementerats i omvårdnaden, motivation till att delta i aktiviteter och genomföra dagliga sysslor likaså. Slutsats: Djur i omvårdnaden hade en positiv inverkan hos personer med demens och att livskvaliteten främjades genom att djur, främst hundar, förbättrade olika faktorer hos personer med demens. / Background: Dementia is the fourth largest national disease in Sweden. Dementia is often treated with medications for Behavioural and Psychological Symtoms in Dementia (BPSD) giving different side effects. There is a firm link between socializing with the animals and quality of life where terms such as recovery, wellbeing and stress reduction are included. Alternative methods such as animals in the care of people with dementia should be considered to improve the demented quality of life. Aim: To describe research on animals in the care of people with dementia and how it can improve their quality of life. Methods: A literature review in which the outcome were based on ten scientific articles from the databases Cinahl, Pubmed, Psychinfo and Web of Science published between 2011-2016. Nine of the articles had a quantitative approach, one had a qualitative approach. Results: The participants' emotional and cognitive status were influenced by association with animals. Joy was a feeling that arose which resulted in that the participants smiled. Depression and depressed moods were affected in a positive direction in several studies in which animals were implemented in the care, motivation to participate in activities and carry out daily chores as well. Conclusion: Animals in the care had a positive effect in people with dementia and the quality of life encouraged by animals, mainly dogs, improved various factors in people with dementia. / <p></p><p></p><p></p>

ABSTRACT: THE EFFECT OF A COMPREHENSIVE OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY INTERVENTION PROGRAMME ON THE OCCUPATIONAL PERFORMANCE OF PEOPLE WITH RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS, LIVING IN SOWETO. C Dreijer du Plessis Post-graduate student, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa Introduction: Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is a chronic disabling joint disease. Empowering patients with RA to self manage the disease can lead to changes in behaviour, pain or physical health and psychosocial health status. Limited evidence exists for the efficacy of comprehensive Occupational Therapy (OT) intervention for patients with RA in improving functional ability. Objective: The primary objective of the study was to evaluate the impact of comprehensive OT intervention on patients with RA in producing a sustained improvement in patients' functional ability. Methods: A prospective randomized control study over 4 months in which patients with moderately disabling RA, following a week of in-patient rehabilitation care, received either home visits and focus group care (group 1) or standard care (group 2). Primary outcome measures included the modified Health Assessment Questionnaire Disability Index (HAQ-DI), Disease activity score (DAS28) and SF- 36 scores. Results: There were 29 and 22 patients in each group, respectively. The HAQ-DI improved significantly in both groups following the 1 week in-patient care (p<0.05) and there was a clinically significant difference between the groups at the 4 months follow-up visit. The SF-36 scores did not change significantly for group 1 while group 2 showed significant improvements in 5 of the 8 domains at four months. However, group 2, had significantly worse SF-36 scores at baseline compared to group 1. There was a significant improvement in disease activity with the experimental group having 25% fewer tender joints. During the focus groups,the two main themes of "behavior and self management" and "problems that interfere with occupational performance" emerged. Conclusion: A comprehensive in-patient occupational therapy programme does lead to sustained significant improvement in functional ability and Health related quality of life (HR-QOL). Focus groups and home based intervention appears to have a clinically significant impact on disease activity. Key words: Rheumatoid Arthritis, Comprehensive Occupational Therapy intervention, Home based intervention, Occupational Performance.

BACKGROUND: There has been an enormous rise in total joint arthroplasties (TJA) in the United States over the past several years. Researchers have documented the increase in healthcare costs associated with unplanned hospital readmissions among patients post-TJA, specifically total hip and total knee arthroplasties. Additionally, researchers have reported the burden that these costs place on the healthcare system, private payers and on patients and their caregivers. Social routines, quality of life and occupational functioning are often interrupted because of a patient’s unplanned hospital readmission after receiving a total hip or total knee arthroplasty. Investigators have identified the major causes of costly unexpected hospital readmissions among patients with a TJA; they include surgical site infections, blood clots, joint dislocations and periprosthetic fractures. The Occupational Therapy Practice Framework: Domain and Process describes the practice of occupational therapy as promoting health, well-being, and engagement in meaningful occupation. Nonetheless, there is limited literature in the occupational therapy field directed towards reducing hospital readmissions among patients with a total hip or knee arthroplasty, thus suggesting an area that is well-positioned for intervention development and testing. PURPOSE: This Occupational Therapy Doctoral Project entitled Teaching Intervention to Reduce Readmissions-Post Surgery (TIRR-PS) is a proposed program for an acute care hospital setting which: (a) described the problem of hospital readmissions among patients with a total hip or total knee arthroplasty, (b) investigated evidence and best practices for imparting knowledge and/or teaching skills to hospital administrators, healthcare professionals, occupational therapy staff, patients, and caregivers, (c) proposed an intervention based on empirically supported strategies and theoretical frameworks, (d) recommended activities to include as part of the program evaluation, the funding plan and the dissemination plan to promote this multi-level, multi-component pilot program. TIRR-PS will aim to reduce unplanned 30-day hospital readmissions and their associated healthcare costs. Unplanned readmissions are in part caused by inadequate education of hospital administrators, occupational therapy staff, patients, and caregivers. The TIRR-PS program will raise awareness about how to address common medical complication risks and promote the support of hospital administration for the education and skill building activities directed towards healthcare professionals with an emphasis on occupational therapy. CONCLUSION: TIRR-PS was designed for an acute care setting to reduce hospital readmission rates, to reduce healthcare costs, to improve patient quality of life, and to reduce the societal burden of unplanned hospital care. TIRR-PS is an innovative program designed to be comprehensive and to impart knowledge and skills to all relevant professionals in an acute care setting with a particular emphasis on the contribution of the OT profession. TIRR-PS, once evaluated, will provide a standardized, systematic approach to reducing unexpected hospitalizations post-TJA and shows promise for contributing to routine orthopaedic rehabilitative practice in acute care hospitals. This in turn will not only reduce healthcare costs, but will improve the post-surgery quality of life for patients with a recent total hip or total knee arthroplasty.

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This diploma thesis is focused on speech therapy intervention for adults with dyslalia. It defines basic theory of communication and speech, a communication disorder, speech therapy and a specific of intervention for adults. It also describes the most common types of communication disorders of adolescents, adults and elderly which are according to statistics aphasia, dysarthria, stuttering and dyslalia. Dyslalia is then studied in further detail and represents the main section of the theoretical part of the thesis as it contains a description of its therapy among others. Re-education was focused on dyslalia of sounds r and ř, that is rhotacism and rhotacism bohemicus, as they are most common. The main purpose of the thesis is to describe progress of re-education of adults with dyslalia, find reasons to start re- education and differences between an intervention for children and adults. The research is divided into two sections, the first section contains information from interviews with clinical speech therapists and the second contains two case studies of adults with dyslalia.

The diploma thesis is from the area of special pedagogy and speech therapy. It deals with the issue of parenthood of children with developmental dysphasia. The thesis is devided into two parts, the theoretical part and the empirical part. The thesis starts with characterisation of the family with disabilities and continues with further developmental dysphasia, its terminology, classification, etiology, symptomatology, diagnostics and therapy are characterized. The thesis defines the possibilities of speech therapy intervention in children with special impaired speech developmental dyspshasia. This main goal is achieved by research. This diploma thesis can be an inspiration for speech therapists and other professionals who work with families and their children with developmental dysphasia. It can also inspire students and other parents even whose child has been diagnosed with this disease. The thesis may be the starting point for further studies of a scientific character that focus on same subject.

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Yes / Objectives To assess the long-term effect on health and well-being of the Lifestyle Matters programme. Design Qualitative study of a subset of intervention arm participants who participated in the Lifestyle Matters randomised controlled trial (RCT). Setting The intervention took place at community venues within two sites in the UK. Participants A purposeful sample of 13 participants aged between 66 and 88 years from the intervention arm of the RCT were interviewed at 24 months post randomisation. Interviews aimed to understand how participants had used their time in the preceding 2 years and whether the intervention had any impact on their lifestyle choices, participation in meaningful activities and well-being. Intervention Lifestyle Matters is a 4-month occupational therapy intervention, consisting of group and individual sessions, designed to enable community living older people to make positive lifestyle choices and participate in new or neglected activities through increasing self-efficacy. Results Interviews revealed that the majority of interviewed participants were reportedly active at 24 months, with daily routines and lifestyles not changing significantly over time. All participants raised some form of benefit from attending Lifestyle Matters, including an improved perspective on life, trying new hobbies and meeting new friends. A number of intervention participants spoke of adapting to their changing circumstances, but there were significant and lasting benefits for 2 of 13 intervention participants interviewed. Conclusion The majority of those who experienced the Lifestyle Matters intervention reported minor benefits and increases in self-efficacy, but they did not perceive that it significantly improved their health and well-being. The two participants who had experienced major benefits also reported having had life-changing events, suggesting that this intervention is most effective at the time when lifestyle has to be reconsidered if mental well-being is to be sustained. / Medical Research Council grant number (G1001406).

The thesis titled Role of speech therapist in the rehabilitation of patients with neurological disorders characterizes the role of speech therapy intervention as an integral part of the multidisciplinary team taking care of a patient with a neurological diagnosis in the process of comprehensive rehabilitation care. The theoretical part of the thesis is based on professional literature, it defines the terminology related to communication and communication disability in general, then it focuses on neurological diseases and patients with neurogenic communication disorder. The main part is focused on speech therapy intervention in the process of comprehensive rehabilitation of patients with neurological diseases. The practical part of the thesis presents results of a survey, carried out on neurological departments of hospitals in the Czech Republic in October 2016 to obtain information on whether and how the speech therapy intervention is provided at neurological departments in hospitals in the Czech Republic. Key words: Communication, neurogenic communication disorders, neurological department, speech disorders, speech therapist, speech therapy intervention