Introdução: O Acidente Vascular Cerebral (AVC) é a maior causa de morte no Brasil e um dos maiores responsáveis por incapacitação e invalidez. Existem informações insuficientes quanto aos principais fatores associados à ocorrência de óbito nos pacientes vítimas desta enfermidade. Alguns escores preditores foram desenvolvidos porém não foram validados em população brasileira até o momento. Uma das ações mais importantes na redução do ônus do AVC é o atendimento sistematizado destes pacientes de forma mulltidisciplinar em Unidades de AVC (UAVC) com potencial aumento do uso da terapia trombolítica, além da estratificação dos pacientes, possibilitando decisões terapêuticas mais precoces. Este estudo traz informações sobre o perfil epidemiológico dos pacientes admitidos na UAVC do Hospital Geral de Fortaleza (HGF), bem como identifica fatores preditores de mortalidade e incapacidade até a alta hospitalar e busca validar o Escore de Risco do Registro da Rede Canadense de AVC (IScore), possibilitando a utilização desta ferramenta na estratificação de risco de morte e incapacidade em uma população distinta daquela originalmente realizada. Objetivos: avaliar perfil clínico-epidemiológico dos pacientes e identificar fatores preditores independentes de mortalidade e incapacidade (primários); validar o iScore para morte ou incapacidade e desenvolver um escore na amostra para morte e incapacidade (secundários). Métodos: Foram selecionados pacientes consecutivos admitidos na Unidade de AVC do HGF entre novembro de 2009 até maio de 2012 com diagnóstico clínico de AVC isquêmico. Os dados foram coletados por equipe treinada e através de um formulário específico. Foi realizada análise univariada (método do quiquadrado) e análise multivariada (com regressão logística, stepwise forwardbackward) para descrição das características e identificação dos fatores associados ao desfecho. Teste de correlação de Pearson e curva ROC foram utilizados para medidas de correlação e desempenho dos escores prognósticos. Resultados: no período entre novembro de 2009 e maio de 2012 foram elegíveis 1433 pacientes, sendo 780 analisados. Houve predomíno do sexo masculino e a média de idade (± desvio padrão) foi de 66,1 anos (± 15,44). A forma de apresentação mais comum foi a fraqueza muscular (653 pacientes, 83,6%). O desfecho combinado ocorreu em 423 pacientes (45,8%) e 40 pacientes (5,1%) morreram. Foram identificados 8 fatores preditores independentes para o desfecho. O iScore apresentou bom desempenho, com AUC de 0,797 e Correlação de Pearson de 0,989. Conclusão: Pacientes com AVCi tem altas taxas de incapacidade ou morte até a alta de uma unidade de AVC. Medidas populacionais de informação tem potencial para reduzir a ocorrência dos desfechos. Foram identificados oito fatores preditores de mortalidade ou incapacidade. O iScore apresentou bom desempenho na amostra e pode ser utilizado com acurácia na população brasileira como ferramenta prognóstica. / Intoduction: Stroke is the leading cause of death and one of the most important disease associated with disability in Brazil. There is insufficient information about factors associated with death in stroke patients. Some death risk score has been developed, but none of them were applied in the Brazilian population yet. One of the most important actions to be done to reduce the burden of the stroke is the multidisciplinary assessment of the patients in stroke units (UAVC), with the potential to improve the thrombolytic therapy utilization and the early stratification of patients, allowing earlier treatment decisions. The present study, provides information on the epidemiological profile of patients admitted to the stroke unit in the Hospital Geral de Fortaleza (HGF), identifies predictors of in-hospital mortality and disability and seeks to validate the IScore, allowing the use of this tool to stratify the risk of death and disability in a population different from that which was originally derived. Objectives: to evaluate patient epidemiologic and clinical patterns and factors independently associated with death and disability at hospital discharge (primary objectives); to validate the iScore fitness to predict mortality and/or disability and to develop a new risk score to predict mortality and disability at discharge (secondary objectives). Methods: all consecutive patients admitted to the Hospital Geral de Fortaleza Stroke Unit since November 2009 until May 2012 were elegible. Data were collected by a trained team and by using a specific clinical research form. Univariable analysis (by chi-square test) followed by multivariable analysis (with logistic regression) were performed to identify and establish the variables associated with the outcome (death or disability at hospital discharge). Additionally, Pearson correlation test and ROC curve to measure the iScore correlation and discrimination ability were conducted. Results: a total of 1433 patients were selected and 781 considered eligible were included for the analysis. Male gender were more frequent; mean age was 66,1 (± 15,44). The most common clinical pattern at hospital arrival was \"weakness\" (653 pacientes, 83,6%). Outcome occurred in 423 patients (58,6%) and 40 patients (5,1%) had died. Eight factors were independently associated with outcome. The iScore had good performance, with AUC of 0,797 and Pearson Correlation Test of 0,985. Conclusion: Stroke patients have substantial rate of death or disability at hospital discharge. Populationbased strategies to inform about the signs and symptoms of stroke have potential to decrease this rate. Eight factors were identified as predictors of death or disability and might be used to support patient risk stratification. The iScore had a good performance in the sample and can be used with accuracy as a prognostic tool in Brazil.

Bariatric surgery is an effective procedure type for morbidly obese patients when all else fails. Because obesity is a chronic disease, prolonged assessment and understanding of the credibility of procedure types and their effects on bariatric surgery outcomes are essential, yet current evidence shows decreasing utilization of one of the dominant procedure types. To better compare outcomes of procedure type, this research was designed to control for volume, hospital size, age, gender, season, month, year, and ethnicity. The goal of the study was to compare the outcomes of laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding (LAGB) and laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) bariatric surgery using the epidemiologic triad model. This study was a retrospective cross-sectional review of Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) from 2009 to 2014. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression were conducted to analyze the data. This study was based on a secondary analysis previously collected from NIS data. A convenience sample of 73,086 patients who underwent bariatric surgery using ICD-9 diagnosis and procedure codes was used. Multiple logistic regression analysis indicated that LAGB (odds ratio [OR] =.043) and LSG (OR =.030) were positively associated with in-hospital mortality. Similarly, LAGB (OR =.041) and LSG (OR =.425) were positively correlated to length of stay (LOS). Finally, LAGB (OR = .461) and LSG (OR = .480) was positively related to reoperation. LAGB, when compared to LSG for LOS, had a substantial advantage over biliopancreatic diversion. The LOS findings may contribute to patients' value proposition, including cost reduction for third party insurance payers and for the community.

Severe sepsis and septic shock comprise a significant number of emergency department (ED) admissions annually. With the advent of early goal directed therapies, early identification and intervention have become paramount in this population. Few studies, however, have examined the role of serum lactate as a predictor of mortality or endpoint to resuscitation among this population. We aimed to show that improved lactate clearance is associated with decreased 28-day in-hospital mortality. We retrospectively examined data from the Yale Sepsis Registry for patients with severe sepsis or septic shock who had lactate levels that were measured initially in the ED and subsequently when the patient arrived on the floor. This study received institutional review board approval. Lactate clearance was calculated as a percentage, and comparison between patients who cleared lactate and those who did not were made for mortality data as well as baseline characteristics and interventions required between the two groups. 207 patients (110 male) with mean age and standard deviation (SD) of 63.17 ± 17.9 years were examined. 136 patients (65.7%) were diagnosed with severe sepsis and 71 patients (34.3%) had septic shock. Of those with identified sources of infection, pneumonia was the most common (54 patients, 26.1%). There were 171 patients in the clearance group and 36 patients in the non-clearance group, all of whom had a mean time of 9 hours 8 minutes ± 4 hours 6 minutes between lactate measurements. 28-day mortality rates were 15.2% (26 patients) in the lactate clearance group and 36.1% (13 patients) in the non-clearance group (p<0.01). Vasopressor support within 72 hours of admission was initiated among 61.1% (22 patients) in the non-clearance group compared with 36.8% (63 patients) in the clearance group (p<0.01). Mechanical ventilation was required for 36.3% (62 patients) in the clearance group and 66.7% (24 patients) in the non-clearance group (p=0.001). Rates of severe sepsis, mean number of SIRS and organ dysfunction criteria, and initial creatinine were similar between the two groups; however, only 86.1% (31 patients) in the non-clearance group received intravenous fluids in the ED compared with 98.8% (169 patients) in the clearance group (p=0.002). 33.3% (12 patients) in the non-clearance group had chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) compared with 15.2% (26 patients) in the clearance group (p<0.05). The mean Mortality in Emergency Department Sepsis (MEDS) scores were 8.78 ± 3.96 for the clearance group and 10.4 ± 4.48 for the non-clearance group (95% CI, -3.1 to -.14, p<0.05). These results show significantly higher mortality rates among patients who do not clear their lactate in the ED. Additionally, these patients require vasopressor support and mechanical ventilation more often. Lactate clearance was significantly associated with receipt of fluids and may also reflect lower MEDS score. Our findings suggest lactate clearance could be used as an endpoint for ED resuscitation and in stratifying mortality risk among patients with severe sepsis or septic shock. Future studies might seek to prospectively validate these findings and incorporate multivariate analysis to determine factors affecting lactate clearance.

Adams et al. was the first to demonstrate an association between improved outcomes and provider experience in a 1973 study examining complication rates from coronary arteriograms.[1] In this study, a questionnaire was mailed to the directors of coronary arteriography laboratories throughout the US. They found that mortality was eight times higher in institutions performing fewer than 200 examinations per two-year period compared to institutions performing more than 800 examinations per two-year period. It was not until 1979, however, that efforts to systematically study outcomes in surgery were made by Luft and colleagues.[2] They demonstrated lower mortality rates at high-volume centers compared with low-volume centers for several high risk procedures, such as coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG) and vascular surgery. This landmark study set the stage for outcomes research in surgery. Over the past decade, additional studies have continued to show higher surgeon or hospital volumes to be associated with improved patient outcomes. [3-13] To what degree surgeon versus hospital volume each contribute to outcomes is controversial and depends on the procedure examined. Nevertheless, formal recommendations encouraging certain high-risk procedures be performed at high-volume hospitals began as early as 2000 by the Leapfrog group and other policy initiatives.[14, 15] Formal recommendations for surgeon volume, on the other hand, have been lacking. There has been mounting evidence, particularly in the last decade, that surgeon volume is associated with improved patient outcomes, independent of hospital volume. To what measure these data have influenced referral patterns from low- to high-volume surgeons is unknown.

No description available.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oklahoma. / Includes bibliographical references.

Introdução: O Acidente Vascular Cerebral (AVC) é a maior causa de morte no Brasil e um dos maiores responsáveis por incapacitação e invalidez. Existem informações insuficientes quanto aos principais fatores associados à ocorrência de óbito nos pacientes vítimas desta enfermidade. Alguns escores preditores foram desenvolvidos porém não foram validados em população brasileira até o momento. Uma das ações mais importantes na redução do ônus do AVC é o atendimento sistematizado destes pacientes de forma mulltidisciplinar em Unidades de AVC (UAVC) com potencial aumento do uso da terapia trombolítica, além da estratificação dos pacientes, possibilitando decisões terapêuticas mais precoces. Este estudo traz informações sobre o perfil epidemiológico dos pacientes admitidos na UAVC do Hospital Geral de Fortaleza (HGF), bem como identifica fatores preditores de mortalidade e incapacidade até a alta hospitalar e busca validar o Escore de Risco do Registro da Rede Canadense de AVC (IScore), possibilitando a utilização desta ferramenta na estratificação de risco de morte e incapacidade em uma população distinta daquela originalmente realizada. Objetivos: avaliar perfil clínico-epidemiológico dos pacientes e identificar fatores preditores independentes de mortalidade e incapacidade (primários); validar o iScore para morte ou incapacidade e desenvolver um escore na amostra para morte e incapacidade (secundários). Métodos: Foram selecionados pacientes consecutivos admitidos na Unidade de AVC do HGF entre novembro de 2009 até maio de 2012 com diagnóstico clínico de AVC isquêmico. Os dados foram coletados por equipe treinada e através de um formulário específico. Foi realizada análise univariada (método do quiquadrado) e análise multivariada (com regressão logística, stepwise forwardbackward) para descrição das características e identificação dos fatores associados ao desfecho. Teste de correlação de Pearson e curva ROC foram utilizados para medidas de correlação e desempenho dos escores prognósticos. Resultados: no período entre novembro de 2009 e maio de 2012 foram elegíveis 1433 pacientes, sendo 780 analisados. Houve predomíno do sexo masculino e a média de idade (± desvio padrão) foi de 66,1 anos (± 15,44). A forma de apresentação mais comum foi a fraqueza muscular (653 pacientes, 83,6%). O desfecho combinado ocorreu em 423 pacientes (45,8%) e 40 pacientes (5,1%) morreram. Foram identificados 8 fatores preditores independentes para o desfecho. O iScore apresentou bom desempenho, com AUC de 0,797 e Correlação de Pearson de 0,989. Conclusão: Pacientes com AVCi tem altas taxas de incapacidade ou morte até a alta de uma unidade de AVC. Medidas populacionais de informação tem potencial para reduzir a ocorrência dos desfechos. Foram identificados oito fatores preditores de mortalidade ou incapacidade. O iScore apresentou bom desempenho na amostra e pode ser utilizado com acurácia na população brasileira como ferramenta prognóstica. / Intoduction: Stroke is the leading cause of death and one of the most important disease associated with disability in Brazil. There is insufficient information about factors associated with death in stroke patients. Some death risk score has been developed, but none of them were applied in the Brazilian population yet. One of the most important actions to be done to reduce the burden of the stroke is the multidisciplinary assessment of the patients in stroke units (UAVC), with the potential to improve the thrombolytic therapy utilization and the early stratification of patients, allowing earlier treatment decisions. The present study, provides information on the epidemiological profile of patients admitted to the stroke unit in the Hospital Geral de Fortaleza (HGF), identifies predictors of in-hospital mortality and disability and seeks to validate the IScore, allowing the use of this tool to stratify the risk of death and disability in a population different from that which was originally derived. Objectives: to evaluate patient epidemiologic and clinical patterns and factors independently associated with death and disability at hospital discharge (primary objectives); to validate the iScore fitness to predict mortality and/or disability and to develop a new risk score to predict mortality and disability at discharge (secondary objectives). Methods: all consecutive patients admitted to the Hospital Geral de Fortaleza Stroke Unit since November 2009 until May 2012 were elegible. Data were collected by a trained team and by using a specific clinical research form. Univariable analysis (by chi-square test) followed by multivariable analysis (with logistic regression) were performed to identify and establish the variables associated with the outcome (death or disability at hospital discharge). Additionally, Pearson correlation test and ROC curve to measure the iScore correlation and discrimination ability were conducted. Results: a total of 1433 patients were selected and 781 considered eligible were included for the analysis. Male gender were more frequent; mean age was 66,1 (± 15,44). The most common clinical pattern at hospital arrival was \"weakness\" (653 pacientes, 83,6%). Outcome occurred in 423 patients (58,6%) and 40 patients (5,1%) had died. Eight factors were independently associated with outcome. The iScore had good performance, with AUC of 0,797 and Pearson Correlation Test of 0,985. Conclusion: Stroke patients have substantial rate of death or disability at hospital discharge. Populationbased strategies to inform about the signs and symptoms of stroke have potential to decrease this rate. Eight factors were identified as predictors of death or disability and might be used to support patient risk stratification. The iScore had a good performance in the sample and can be used with accuracy as a prognostic tool in Brazil.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(社会健康医学) / 甲第22649号 / 社医博第109号 / 新制||社医||11(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院医学研究科社会健康医学系専攻 / (主査)教授 中山 健夫, 教授 川上 浩司, 教授 伊達 洋至 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Public Health / Kyoto University / DFAM

京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(社会健康医学) / 甲第23118号 / 社医博第114号 / 新制||社医||11(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院医学研究科社会健康医学系専攻 / (主査)教授 佐藤 俊哉, 教授 森田 智視, 教授 黒田 知宏 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Public Health / Kyoto University / DFAM

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(社会健康医学) / 甲第18191号 / 社医博第52号 / 新制||社医||8(附属図書館) / 31049 / 京都大学大学院医学研究科社会健康医学系専攻 / (主査)教授 中山 健夫, 教授 佐藤 俊哉, 教授 木村 剛 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Public Health / Kyoto University / DFAM