Research has shown that aggressive children demonstrate a bias toward attributing hostility to peers in unwarranted circumstances. This bias has been found to be associated with speed of responding and recall of hostile cues. This study aimed to develop a scale to investigate the role of similar cognitive biases in the decisionmaking processes of adult psychopaths. The development of the scale to measure the decision-making processes involved in adults when dealing with ambiguous situations is described, and normative data provided for 56 normal adults. The role of recall of hostile information in the decision-making process is examined, as are the effects of the amount of information used to make a decision. The results show the presence of similar biases to those found in children, namely - those individuals who encode and thus recall more hostile information tend to interpret ambiguous situations in a more hostile manner and make more unwarranted hostile decisions, especially when they make their decisions quickly and based on little information. Although in adults it seems this process is not related specifically to hostile individuals, when high levels of hostility are combined with quick responding this leads to these individuals making the most unwarranted hostile decisions of all. It is also shown that slowing down the decision-making process and instructing individuals to attend to all available information before making a decision results in marked improvements in accuracy of decisions made and reduces the number of unwarranted hostile decisions made. The results are discussed in relation to Dodge's (1986) social information processing model, and implications for treatment are highlighted.

This study is concerned with the relationships between the RCT scores of anxiety and hostility and the variables of age, sex and education.

This study explored the status quo of cyberbullying in online game among adolescents in Kaohsiung City with questionnaire survey. And to benchmark the eight forms of cyberbullying by Willard (2007), we try to find out the interactive online game in which the three types of separation, whichever is more prone to explore in the cyberbullying? And the relations about these acts of bullying and aggressive behavior and emotional capacity of relevant. The results showed: 1 .sample of subjects participating in the proportion of online games is 81%. 2 .bullying type in the online game " Flaming ", " harassment", " Denigration," " Impersonation," " outing " and " Trickery " in boys than girls suffer through. 3 .bullying situations, to play the on-line games up to 12.3%, 8.5% of network games to play second place, while 5% of web game ranked third, other network activities have been bullying accounted for 4 % at least. 4 .cases of bullying others, but also to play the online game up to 8.1%, 7.6% of network games to play second place, and the site of 4.5% in third webgame, and other network activity in those accounts have been bullying 4.2% at least. 5 .online games will have received nearly forty percent bullying / being bullying who is also the victim and offender, of which the highest rate of online gaming. 6. to participate in online gaming and bullying are bullying those who do not know the majority of objects begin with. 7. The online game unique "treasures", "Association" related behavior, bullying / being the number of frequent bullying. 8., indicating stronger explicit aggressive behavior, cyberbullying / bullying situation is more. Vietnam can not express hostility, their lower overall cyberbullying. Keywords¡GCyberbullying, OnlineGame , Aggression , Emotionalmanagement , Hostility

Thesis (Ph. D.)--West Virginia University, 2005. / Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains v, 116 p. : ill. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 57-74).

The purpose of this study was to (1) assess the reliability and validity of anger/hostility measures, (2) examine the relationship between anger/hostility and other negative emotions, and (3) examine the relationship between anger/hostility and health history. Sixty-five subjects were given the Buss Durkee Hostility Inventory (BDHI), the State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory (STAXI), the Profile of Mood States pomsS), the Clinical Analysis Questionnaire (CAQ), the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), the Health and Wellness Attitude Inventory (HWAI), and a health questionnaire designed to provide information about past disease and alcohol/drug use. Overall, the BDHI and POMS displayed good test-retest reliability. All six of the global indices of anger/hostility intercorrelated at a significant level, thus demonstrating good concurrent validity. The six global measures of anger/hostility also correlated at a significant level with other negative emotions.

This experiment tested three hypotheses regarding right cerebral involvement in hostility and physiological arousal. First, replication of previous research indicating heightened physiological responding to stress among high hostile individuals was attempted. Second, high hostile individuals were predicted to an increased tendency toward right hemisphere dominance following exposure to a stressor. Third, high hostile individuals were expected to maintain their physiological arousal and shift in cerebral laterality longer than the low-hostile comparison group. Low- and high-hostile participants (25 males per group, drawn from the undergraduate Psychology pool) were identified using the Cook-Medley Hostility Scale (CMHS). Physiological measures (SBP, DBP, HR) were recorded at baseline, as were results from a dichotic listening procedure. Participants were then administered the cold-pressor procedure, and physiological recordings were taken again. Dichotic listening procedures were then administered 3 consecutive times to monitor for shifts in cerebral laterality. After the final dichotic listening procedure, physiological measures were taken once again to determine recovery rates. Results did not support the a priori hypotheses. Specifically, low-hostile individuals were consistently higher on the physiological measures when compared to the high-hostiles. The predicted maintenance of increased physiological arousal was also not supported by the data. Neuropsychological measures also failed to differentiate between the groups, and failed to demonstrate the predicted shift in cerebral laterality. / Master of Science

This study examined the mediating effect of hostility towards women on the relationship between exposure to misogynistic rap music and acceptance of violence towards women. Additionally, the impact of male hostility towards women on the relationship between consuming rap music and acceptance of rape myths and general attitudes towards violence were also examined. Participants for this study were 87 high and low-hostile college males between the ages of 18 and 25, who were randomly assigned to one of three exposure conditions (sexually-violent/degrading condition, generally violent condition and a non-violent/ control condition). Results indicated that men exposed to misogynistic rap music endorsed significantly greater acceptance of violence towards women than those in the non-violent/control condition did. Also, men with a high level of hostility towards women endorsed significantly greater acceptance of violence towards women, a significantly greater acceptance of rape myths and endorsed significantly more positive attitudes towards violence than low hostile men. Although no interaction effects were found between music condition and hostility level, this study provides empirical evidence of the potential deleterious influence of exposure to misogynistic rap music lyrics on men's acceptance of violence towards women. / Ph. D.

Using the Limited Capacity Model of hostility (Walters & Harrison, 2006; Williamson & Harrison, 2005; Williamson, Harrison, & Walters, 2007) as a guide, the stress response of individuals with a variable and dysregulated fuel supply to their brain (diabetes) was examined subsequent to lateralized fluency-stress. This theoretical "capacity" model of hostility was applied to a relatively unknown population of high hostile-diabetics. Given the associations between hostility and diabetes, it was argued that a very robust stress response would be evident, as measured as by peripheral glucose and QEEG magnitudes, as a result of modest regulatory capacity subsequent to right frontal lobe stress. Moreover, it was expected that high hostile-diabetics would show diminished performance on neuropsychological indicants of right frontal functions. / Ph. D.

Video games have been criticized for the amount of violence present in them and how this violence could affect aggression and anti-social behavior. Much of the literature on video games effects has focused primarily on the content of video games, but recent studies show that competition in video games could be a major influence on aggression. While competing against other players has been shown to increase aggression, there is less research on whether the mere presence of a competitive environment can influence aggression. The existing research has also primarily been performed using surveys and lab experiments. While these two approaches are very useful, they lack the ecological validity of methods like field experiments. This study examined how competitiveness, teamwork, and co-operation affect anti-social behavior in video games. A 2 (competition: high vs low) x 2 (cooperation: vs no cooperation) x 2 (team: teammates vs opponents) online field experiment on hostile speech was performed. In this study, it was found that players experience more hostile language from their teammates than they do opponents. However, neither the level of competition nor cooperation had an effect on hostile language. There was a significant interaction between player team and cooperation, with teammates being less hostile in the cooperation condition and enemies being more hostile in the cooperation condition. Implications for hostility in online video games and group dynamics within online games are discussed. / Master of Arts

High-hostiles exhibit exaggerated physiological responses to stressors as seen by increased cardiovascular reactivity (BP & HR) (Rhodes, Harrison, & Demaree, 2002; Demaree & Harrison, 1997). This exaggerated physiological response style is associated with cardiovascular disease and premature death (Everson et al., 1997). This experiment hypothesized that diminished regulatory control would also be evident in the Acoustic Startle Response (ASR). In this experiment, high- and low-hostile undergraduate men (N = 40) were exposed to a series of startle probes before and after a cold pressor (CP). Startle responses were measured using electromyography (EMG) recorded over the orbicularis occuli. Cardiovascular measures of blood pressure and heart rate were also taken. A 2 X 2 mixed factorial ANOVA was performed with Group (high and low hostile) as the fixed factor, Condition (pre and post CP) as the repeated measure, and peak magnitude EMG (mV) of startle responses as the dependent variable. For startle responses, significant main effects for Group and Condition indicated that high hostiles had larger startle responses than low hostiles and startle responses decreased after the cold pressor (CP). A significant Group X Condition interaction effect was found. Post-hoc analyses revealed no significant group differences before the CP. After the CP, high-hostiles had significantly higher startle responses than-low hostiles. High-hostiles' startle responses did not change significantly after the CP, whereas low-hostiles' startle response magnitude decreased significantly after the CP. Low-hostiles HR increased significantly after the cold pressor and both groups SBP decreased significantly after the cold pressor. / Master of Science