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"Det gäller att hänga med" : En kvalitativ studie om hur digitaliseringen har påverkat HR-avdelningars arbete och rollEkelund, Frida, Lahti, Jannie January 2018 (has links)
Problemformulering: Vad har digitaliseringen inneburit för HR-avdelningar inom den offentliga sektorn? Syfte: Uppsatsens syfte är att identifiera hur digitaliseringen har påverkat HR-avdelningars arbete och roll, för att skapa en förståelse för vilka följder digitaliseringen har lett till för HR-avdelningarna. Metod: En induktiv ansats och kvalitativ datainsamling där det empiriska materialet samlades in med hjälp av kvalitativa intervjuer på informanternas arbetsplatser. Slutsats: Studien påvisar att digitaliseringen har inneburit och innebär en förändring för HR-avdelningar. Digitaliseringen har lett till att digitala verktyg introducerats som har påverkat många arbetsprocesser, och framför allt det administrativa arbetet. Digitaliseringen har även lett till konsekvenser för hur arbetet ser ut och hur bland annat kommunikation, relationer och effektivitet uppfattas. HRs roll har förändrats till att ha blivit mer stödjande, mer strategisk och antagit rollen till att vara en förändringsagent.
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The growing American health penalty: International trends in the employment of older workers with poor healthBaumberg Geiger, Ben, Böheim, René, Leoni, Thomas 09 1900 (has links) (PDF)
Many countries have reduced the generosity of disability benefits while making them more activating - yet few studies have examined how employment rates have subsequently changed. We present estimates of how the employment rates of older workers with poor health in 13 high-income countries changed between 2004-7 and 2012-15 using HRS/SHARE/ELSA data. We find that those in poor health in the USA have experienced a unique deterioration: they have not only seen a widening gap to the employment rates of those with good health, but their employment rates fell per se. We find only for Sweden (and possibly England) signs that the health employment gap shrank. We then examine possible explanations for the development in the USA: we find no evidence it links to labour market trends, but possible links to the USA's lack of disability benefit reform - which should be considered alongside the wider challenges of our findings for policymakers. / Series: Department of Economics Working Paper Series
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Probing Chromophore Assemblies In Solution : Study Of Polymer Folding And MicellizationGhosh, Suhrit 04 1900 (has links) (PDF)
No description available.
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Exploitation de séries temporelles d'images satellites à haute résolution spatiale pour le suivi des prairies en milieu agricole / Use of time–series of high spatial resolution satellite images for grassland monitoring in agricultural areasDusseux, Pauline 05 December 2014 (has links)
En milieu agricole, on observe depuis plusieurs décennies une régression des prairies ainsi qu’uneévolution de leur mode de gestion liées à l’intensification de l’agriculture. Face aux enjeux que ces changementsimpliquent tant sur le plan environnemental qu’économique, l’estimation de la place des prairies dans les systèmes de production et la détermination des pratiques agricoles qui leur sont associées sont stratégiques. Avec l’arrivée de nouveaux capteurs de télédétection à Haute Résolution Spatiale (HRS) caractérisés par une résolution temporelle élevée, il est désormais possible d’envisager l’étude des couverts prairiaux à une échelle fine et à partir d’observations régulières dans le temps. L’objectif de cette thèse est d’identifier les couverts prairiaux à l’échelle des territoires agricoles et de déterminer leurs modes de gestion à partir de paramètres dérivés de séries temporelles d’images de télédétection à HRS. Pour cela, plusieurs séries intra–annuelles d’images à haute résolution spatiale optiques et radars ont été constituées afin de recenser les prairies et d’identifier trois de leurs modes de gestion : le pâturage, la fauche et l’exploitation mixte, sur un bassin versant dont le système d’exploitation dominant est l’élevage laitier. Les résultats obtenus à partir du traitement et de l’analyse des séries temporelles optiques ont permis de montrer qu’il est possible d’estimer avec une bonne précision la biomasse des prairies, de les identifier et de les caractériser. Ils mettent aussi en évidence le fait que les images radars améliorent l’identification des prairies sans pouvoir discriminer leurs modes de gestion, l’utilisation combinée des deux types d’images augmentant encore le taux d’identification des prairies. Par ailleurs, les résultats montrent que les méthodes de classification s’appuyant sur des critères de comparaison adaptés aux séries temporelles (distances élastiques) produisent des résultats nettement plus satisfaisants pour discriminer les modes de gestion des prairies que les méthodes de classification standards. / In agricultural areas, we observed a decrease of grasslands and change in their management in the last half–century, which are commonly associated with agriculture intensification. These changes have affected environmental and economic systems. In this context, the evaluation of grassland status and grassland management in farming systems is a key–issue for sustainable agriculture. With the arrival of new Earth observation sensors with high spatial and temporal resolutions, it is now possible to study grasslands at fine scale using regular observations over time. The objective of this thesis is to identify grasslands and their management practices using parameters derived from time–series of high spatial resolution (HSR) remote sensing data. For that purpose, several intra–annual time series of HSR optical and Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) satellite images were acquired in order to identify grasslands and three of their management practices: grazing, mowing and mixed management, on a catchment area mainly oriented towards cattle production. Results obtained from the processing and analysis of the optical time series have shown that it is possible to estimate with good accuracy grassland biomass, to identify and to characterize them. They also highlighted that radar images improve grassland identification without being able to distinguish management practices, the combined use of the two types of images further increasing grassland identification. Furthermore, results showed that the classification methods based on comparison criteria adapted to time series (warping criteria) increase significantly results for discriminating grassland management practices compared to standard classification methods
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Inpatient Mortality Benefit with Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt for Hospitalized Hepatorenal Syndrome PatientsCharilaou, Paris, Devani, Kalpit, Petrosyan, Romela, Reddy, Chakradhar, Pyrsopoulos, Nikolaos 01 November 2020 (has links)
Background: It has been reported that transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunting (TIPS) might be utilized as a salvage option for hepatorenal syndrome (HRS), while randomized controlled trials are pending and real-world contemporary data on inpatient mortality is lacking. Methods: We conducted an observational retrospective cohort study from the National Inpatient Sample from 2005 to 2014. We included all adult patients admitted with HRS and cirrhosis, using ICD 9-CM codes. We excluded cases with variceal bleeding, Budd–Chiari, end-stage renal disease, liver transplant and transfers to acute-care facilities. TIPS’ association with inpatient mortality was assessed using multivariable mixed-effects logistic regression, as well as exact-matching, thus mitigating for TIPS selection bias. The exact-matched analysis was repeated among TIPS-only versus dialysis-only patients. Results: A total of 79,354 patients were included. Nine hundred eighteen (1.2%) underwent TIPS. Between TIPS and non-TIPS groups, mean age (58 years) and gender (65% males) were similar. Overall mortality was 18% in TIPS and 48% in dialysis-only cases (n = 10,379; 13.1%). Ninety six (10.5%) TIPS patients underwent dialysis. In-hospital mortality in TIPS patients was twice less likely than in non-TIPS patients (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 0.43, 95% CI 0.30–0.62; p < 0.001), with similar results in matched analysis [exact-matched (em) OR = 0.39, 95% CI 0.17–0.89; p < 0.024; groups = 96; unweighted n = 463]. Head-to-head comparison showed that TIPS-only patients were 3.3 times less likely to succumb inpatient versus dialysis-only patients (contrast aOR = 0.31, 95% CI 0.20–0.46; p < 0.001), with similar findings post-matching (emOR = 0.22, 95% CI 0.15–0.33; p < 0.001; groups = 54, unweighted n = 1457). Conclusions: Contemporary, real-world data reveal that TIPS on its own, and when compared to dialysis, is associated with decreased inpatient mortality when utilized in non-bleeders-HRS patients. Further randomized studies are needed to establish the long-term benefit of TIPS in these patients.
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Older Adults and Volunteering: A Comprehensive Study on Physical and Psychological Well-Being and Cognitive HealthLee, KyongWeon 25 September 2018 (has links)
No description available.
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Pain and Psychological Distress in Middle-Aged and Older Married CouplesIshler, Karen J. 23 August 2013 (has links)
No description available.
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Novel Insight into the Autophagy-Independent Functions of Beclin 1 in Tumor GrowthMatthew-Onabanjo, Asia N. 27 June 2019 (has links)
BECN1 is a haploinsufficient tumor suppressor gene that is monoallelically deleted or epigenetically silenced in many human cancers. In breast cancer, 40% of tumors exhibit monoallelic deletion of Beclin 1. Additionally, low Beclin 1 mRNA expression is observed in aggressive breast cancer subtypes and reduced expression is an independent predictor of overall patient survival. The role of Beclin 1 in cancer has almost exclusively been attributed to its function in autophagy. However, our lab demonstrated an alternative role for Beclin 1 in the regulation of growth factor receptor signaling that could contribute to cancer. The goal of my thesis project was to investigate the molecular basis by which Beclin 1 regulates breast tumor growth and progression in vivo.
Using in vivo models, I discovered that Beclin 1 promotes endosomal recruitment of hepatocyte growth factor tyrosine kinase substrate (HRS), which is necessary for sorting receptors to intraluminal vesicles for signal silencing and degradation. Beclin 1-dependent recruitment of HRS results in the autophagy-independent regulation of endocytic trafficking and degradation of the epidermal growth factor (EGFR) and transferrin (TFR1) receptors. When Beclin 1 expression is low, endosomal HRS recruitment is reduced and receptor function is sustained to drive tumor proliferation. An autophagy-independent role for Beclin 1 in regulating tumor metabolism was also observed. Collectively, my results demonstrate a novel role for Beclin 1 in impeding tumor growth by coordinating the regulation of growth promoting receptors. These data provide an explanation for how low levels of Beclin 1 facilitate tumor proliferation and contribute to poor cancer outcomes, independently of autophagy.
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Theoretical and experimental characterizations of the first hyperpolarizabilities of organic molecules and molecular switchesBogdan, Elena 06 May 2011 (has links)
Cette thèse a pour objectif l’étude des propriétés optiques non linéaires (ONL) de second ordre de molécules de référence et de composés organiques photochromes, via des calculs de chimie quantique et des expériences de diffusion Hyper-Rayleigh (HRS). L’étude des réponses optiques de second harmonique d’une série de solvants organiques met tout d’abord en évidence la nécessité d’utiliser des méthodes théoriques intégrant les effets de la corrélation électronique, les effets d’environnement, ainsi que des bases très étendues pour évaluer quantitativement les premières hyperpolarisabilités moléculaires. La décomposition du tenseur de première hyperpolarisabilité en contributions dipolaires et octupolaires via le formalisme des harmoniques sphériques permet également d’illustrer l’effet de la symétrie des composés sur leurs réponses ONL. La seconde étude porte sur la caractérisation des effets de solvant sur les propriétés ONL d’un dérivé anil présentant un équilibre entre une forme énol et une forme cétone. Il est démontré que l’équilibre énol/cétone peut être déplacé vers la forme cétone en augmentant la proportion d’éthanol dans le mélange binaire de solvants éthanol/cyclohexane, conduisant à une augmentation de l’intensité HRS du mélange. La dernière partie de la thèse propose une étude théorique systématique des effets de substitution sur les propriétés ONL de sels de flavylium, dans le but d’optimiser le contraste des réponses ONL entre les différentes formes des composés. Il est démontré qu’une combinaison optimale de substituants permet d’obtenir de forts contrastes, démontrant le potentiel de ces composés comme systèmes multi-états pour des applications ONL. / This PhD addresses the nonlinear optical (NLO) properties of the reference organic molecules and molecular switches, by means of quantum chemical calculations and Hyper-Rayleigh Scattering (HRS) measurements. The thorough investigation of the NLO responses of a series of organic solvents first evidences the need of using theoretical methods including environment and electron correlation effects, as well as highly extended basis sets to quantitatively evaluate the molecular first hyperpolarizabilities. Decomposing the first hyperpolarizability tensor into dipolar and octupolar contributions via the spherical harmonics formalism also highlights the impact of the molecular symmetry on the NLO responses. The second part addresses the solvent effects on the NLO properties of an anil derivative, which exhibits an equilibrium between a enol and a keto form. It is shown that the enol/keto equilibrium is shifted towards the keto form when increasing the ethanol ratio in ethanol/cyclohexane solvent mixtures, leading to an increase of the HRS intensity. The last part addresses the effects of the chemical substituents on the NLO properties of flavylium salts, with the aim of optimizing the NLO contrasts between the various forms of the compounds. It is found that optimal combinations of chemical substituents lead to high NLO contrats, which demonstrates the potential of these compounds as multi-states systems for NLO applications
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Design of molecular switches exhibiting second-order nonlinear optical responses : ab initio investigations and hyper Rayleigh scattering characterizations / Conception d’interrupteurs moléculaires présentant des réponses optiques non-linéaires du deuxième ordre : étude théorique et caractérisation par diffusion hyper RayleighPlaquet, Aurélie 31 May 2011 (has links)
Les interrupteurs moléculaires sont des composés capables de commuterréversiblement entre deux ou plusieurs états stables en réponse à un stimulusextérieur. Lʼobjectif de la thèse est la conception dʼinterrupteurs moléculairesprésentant des contrastes optiques non-linéaires (ONL) et la mise évidence desparamètres structuraux et électroniques menant à dʼimportants contrastes depremière hyperpolarisabilité (β) via une approche multidisciplinaire qui combine lasynthèse de nouveaux composés, la caractérisation de leurs réponses optiqueslinéaires et non-linéaires par spectroscopie dʼabsorption UV-visible et par diffusionhyper-Rayleigh et lʼutilisation des méthodes de la chimie théorique afin de prédire etdʼinterpréter les propriétés moléculaires. Ces phénomènes de commutationsréversibles et les changements de propriétés qui les accompagnent présentent denombreux intérêts, tant technologiques comme lʼélaboration dʼordinateursmoléculaires quʼau niveau des organismes vivants où de nombreuses fonctionsbiologiques sont basées sur un phénomène de commutation. Les principaux résultatsde nos travaux se situent au niveau de lʼinterprétation des réponses ONL et de leurscontrastes en fonction de la nature, de la position et du caractère donneur/accepteurdes substituants présents sur le squelette des interrupteurs moléculaires. / Molecular switches are compounds presenting the ability to commutereversibly between two or more states in response to external stimuli. The goal of thework is the design of molecular switches exhibiting contrasts of their second-ordernonlinear optical (NLO) properties and the highlight of the structural and electronicparameters leading to large contrasts of first hyperpolarizability (β) via amultidisciplinary approach combining the synthesis of new compounds, thecharacterization of their linear (by UV-Visible absorption spectroscopy) and nonlinearoptical properties (by hyper Rayleigh scattering), and the theoretical simulations inorder to predict and interpret molecular properties. These reversible switchingprocesses and the resulting variations of molecular properties have many interests intechnological area such as the development of molecular computers or in lifesciences since many biological functions are based on commutation mechanisms.The major results of our investigations are the interpretation of the NLO responsesand contrasts as a function of the nature, the positioning, and the donor/acceptorcharacter of the substituents.
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