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A aplicação de drogas durante o diestro para melhorar a taxa de prenhez na égua inseminada e na receptora de embrião tem sido o foco de alguns grupos de pesquisa. Estudos com hCG encontraram resultados promissores nas taxas de prenhez e características uterinas de receptoras de embrião no dia da transferência. Com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito da aplicação da hCG em diferentes momentos do ciclo estral sobre as características do trato reprodutivo, vascularização e concentração sérica de progesterona, os animais foram submetidos à aplicação da hCG para induzir ovulação, no dia da ovulação e no 5o dia pós ovulação, além do grupo controle. O presente trabalho foi dividido em estudo preliminar com 4 animais em cada grupo e um estudo principal, com 12 animais por grupo sendo que todos os animais foram submetidos a todos os tratamentos. As características examinadas ao longo dos 15 dias pós ovulação foram tônus, morfoecogenicidade e vascularização do útero; tônus da cérvix; o diâmetro e área do corpo lúteo e do pedículo ovariano e seu RI; RI e vascularização mesometrial. Além disso, amostras de sangue para mensuração sérica de progesterona foram coletadas. Não foi encontrado efeito do tratamento nas características avaliadas com hCG em nenhum dos grupos. As características somente apresentaram variação ao longo do tempo, conforme descrito na literatura. Novos estudos avaliando o efeito da hCG em éguas devem ser realizados para averiguar outras variáveis e possíveis efeitos. / The use of drugs during diestrus in order to improve conception rates in inseminated and recipient mares has been the focus of several research groups. Studies using hCG found promising results regarding pregnancy rates and recipient uterine characteristics on the Day of the transfer. The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of hCG administration in different moments of the oestrous cycle on reproductive tract characteristics, vascularization and serum progesterone concentration. Therefore, groups consisted of control, hCG to induce ovulation; hCG on day 0 and hCG on day 5 postovulation. The current study was performed as a preliminar study with 4 animals per group, one cycle each animal and a main study with 12 animals per group, each animal receiving all the treatments during consecutive cycles. The evaluations were performed daily from day 0 until day 15 postovulation. Characteristics examined were uterine tone, morphoecogenicity and vascularization; cervical tone; area, diamaterand vascularization of the corpus luteum, ovarian pedicle vascularization and RI; mesometrial vascularization and RI. Besides, blood samples were collected for serum progesterone concentration. No diferences were detected comparing treated and control groups. The characteristics only varied through the days, as described in the literature. Therefore, it can be concluded that hCG administered to induce ovulation, on the day of ovulation and on day 5 postovulation did not alter the characteristics evaluated in the current study.

A aplicação de drogas durante o diestro para melhorar a taxa de prenhez na égua inseminada e na receptora de embrião tem sido o foco de alguns grupos de pesquisa. Estudos com hCG encontraram resultados promissores nas taxas de prenhez e características uterinas de receptoras de embrião no dia da transferência. Com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito da aplicação da hCG em diferentes momentos do ciclo estral sobre as características do trato reprodutivo, vascularização e concentração sérica de progesterona, os animais foram submetidos à aplicação da hCG para induzir ovulação, no dia da ovulação e no 5o dia pós ovulação, além do grupo controle. O presente trabalho foi dividido em estudo preliminar com 4 animais em cada grupo e um estudo principal, com 12 animais por grupo sendo que todos os animais foram submetidos a todos os tratamentos. As características examinadas ao longo dos 15 dias pós ovulação foram tônus, morfoecogenicidade e vascularização do útero; tônus da cérvix; o diâmetro e área do corpo lúteo e do pedículo ovariano e seu RI; RI e vascularização mesometrial. Além disso, amostras de sangue para mensuração sérica de progesterona foram coletadas. Não foi encontrado efeito do tratamento nas características avaliadas com hCG em nenhum dos grupos. As características somente apresentaram variação ao longo do tempo, conforme descrito na literatura. Novos estudos avaliando o efeito da hCG em éguas devem ser realizados para averiguar outras variáveis e possíveis efeitos. / The use of drugs during diestrus in order to improve conception rates in inseminated and recipient mares has been the focus of several research groups. Studies using hCG found promising results regarding pregnancy rates and recipient uterine characteristics on the Day of the transfer. The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of hCG administration in different moments of the oestrous cycle on reproductive tract characteristics, vascularization and serum progesterone concentration. Therefore, groups consisted of control, hCG to induce ovulation; hCG on day 0 and hCG on day 5 postovulation. The current study was performed as a preliminar study with 4 animals per group, one cycle each animal and a main study with 12 animals per group, each animal receiving all the treatments during consecutive cycles. The evaluations were performed daily from day 0 until day 15 postovulation. Characteristics examined were uterine tone, morphoecogenicity and vascularization; cervical tone; area, diamaterand vascularization of the corpus luteum, ovarian pedicle vascularization and RI; mesometrial vascularization and RI. Besides, blood samples were collected for serum progesterone concentration. No diferences were detected comparing treated and control groups. The characteristics only varied through the days, as described in the literature. Therefore, it can be concluded that hCG administered to induce ovulation, on the day of ovulation and on day 5 postovulation did not alter the characteristics evaluated in the current study.

Several cancers are associated with abnormal serum concentrations of tumor markers such as prostate specific antigen (PSA) in prostate tumor diseases, alfa-fetoprotein (AFP) or human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) in germ cell tumors or persistent gestational trophoblastic diseases (GTD). Cancer treatment should induce decline of serum tumor marker concentrations. The predictive values of many kinetic parameters supposed to characterize tumor marker declines such as nadir, time-point cutoff, half-life, time to normalization etc..., have been reported in previous studies. However very few of them have been used in routine due to the lack of outcome reproducibility. Population pharmacokinetic approach-based modeling is already used in pharmacokinetic studies. It might be helpful to characterize tumor marker decline equations dynamically and overcome limitations of previous studies. The feasibility and the relevance of this approach were assessed in 4 studies involving: PSA titers in patients with prostate adenoma or cancer treated with surgery; hCG-AFP in non-seminomatous germ cell tumor patients treated with BEP regimen (Bleomycin-Etoposide-Cisplatin) and hCG in GTD patients treated with methotrexate. Tumor marker decline modeling was feasible in all studies provided the methodology was adjusted to marker specificities. Apparent clearance of hCG and PSA might enable identification of patients with unfavorable decline profiles and thereby with high risk of relapse. Confirmatory studies with independent cohorts of patients are warranted

Plusieurs cancers sont associés à des concentrations sériques anormales de marqueurs tumoraux, tels que le prostate specific antigen (PSA) dans le cancer de prostate, l’alfafoetoproteine (AFP) ou l’human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) dans les tumeurs germinales ou les maladies trophoblastiques gestationnelles (MTG). Le traitement du cancer doit s’accompagner d’une chute de leurs concentrations. Les valeurs prédictives de nombreux paramètres cinétiques censés caractériser la décroissance des marqueurs ont été publiées dans la littérature (nadir, valeur seuil, demi-vie, temps à normalisation etc…) Cependant très peu de ces paramètres sont utilisés en pratique par manque de reproductibilité. La modélisation en approche de cinétique de population, déjà utilisée dans les études pharmacocinétiques, permettrait de caractériser de façon dynamique la décroissance des marqueurs tumoraux sériques et de compenser les limites des autres méthodes. Nous avons étudié la faisabilité et l’intérêt de cette approche dans 4 études portant sur le PSA après chirurgie d’adénome ou de cancer de la prostate, l’hCG-AFP dans les tumeurs germinales non-séminomateuses traitées par polychimiothérapie de type Bléomycine-Etoposide- Cisplatine (BEP) et l’hCG dans les MTG traitées par méthotrexate. La modélisation de la décroissance des marqueurs tumoraux a été possible dans toutes les études en adaptant la méthodologie aux spécificités de chaque marqueur. Il apparaît que les clairances apparentes du PSA et de l’hCG permettraient d’identifier les patients ayant des profils cinétiques défavorables et donc à haut risque de rechute. Des études de validation sur des cohortes indépendantes sont nécessaires / Several cancers are associated with abnormal serum concentrations of tumor markers such as prostate specific antigen (PSA) in prostate tumor diseases, alfa-fetoprotein (AFP) or human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) in germ cell tumors or persistent gestational trophoblastic diseases (GTD). Cancer treatment should induce decline of serum tumor marker concentrations. The predictive values of many kinetic parameters supposed to characterize tumor marker declines such as nadir, time-point cutoff, half-life, time to normalization etc…, have been reported in previous studies. However very few of them have been used in routine due to the lack of outcome reproducibility. Population pharmacokinetic approach-based modeling is already used in pharmacokinetic studies. It might be helpful to characterize tumor marker decline equations dynamically and overcome limitations of previous studies. The feasibility and the relevance of this approach were assessed in 4 studies involving: PSA titers in patients with prostate adenoma or cancer treated with surgery; hCG-AFP in non-seminomatous germ cell tumor patients treated with BEP regimen (Bleomycin-Etoposide-Cisplatin) and hCG in GTD patients treated with methotrexate. Tumor marker decline modeling was feasible in all studies provided the methodology was adjusted to marker specificities. Apparent clearance of hCG and PSA might enable identification of patients with unfavorable decline profiles and thereby with high risk of relapse. Confirmatory studies with independent cohorts of patients are warranted