The purpose of this study was to examine the role of grandfather in the lives of his adolescent grandchildren. A survey design was used to (1) obtain demographic data, (2) determine how the two generations perceive each other, (3) identify the types and frequencies of interaction between grandfathers and their adolescent grandchildren, and (4) compare the conceptions of an ideal grandfather by the two classes of subjects. Data were gathered from 47 adolescents and their 61 grandfathers. Most of the subjects were fr om the dominant religion in the Wasatch front area. The results confirm a viable adolescent grandchild/ grandfather relationship. Residential distance affects this relationship, but a majority of grandchildren enjoy both geographical and emotional closeness to a grandfather. The generations exhibit generally positive perceptions of each other and demonstrate mutual enjoyment of the relationship. Adolescent grandchildren find grandfather enjoyable to be with and grandfather is pleased with the moral development of his adolescent grandchildren. Some personal habits or behaviors of each generation are distasteful to the other. The generations exchange gifts at least once a year and visit either in person or by telephone on a regular basis . They seldom argue or get angry with one another, but neither do they join regularly in games, sports, or trips. Both generations express a need for increased contact and generally agree on the type of relationship desired. Insufficient evidence was found to conclude that the perception of the grandfather role by adolescent aged individuals varies by age or by sex. some trends were found, however, indicating a need for further research particularly in the area of differences by sex of the grandchild. A difference by age in grandfather's perception of adolescents or his perception of the grandfather role was also not supported.

The purpose of this research was to examine the differences between mothers in single- and two-parent families as they interact with their child with a disability. The sample consisted of 240 children with developmental disabilities and their mothers. Maternal interaction behaviors were measured using the Maternal Behavior Rating Scale. Demographic information, child characteristic measures, and family functioning variables were also considered. Analyses of covariance indicated that there were no differences between interaction behaviors of mothers in single- and two-parent families. However, relationships between income, education, and family cohesion, and the types of interactions displayed between mother and child were found. The results of this study have implications for intervention specialists who work with children with disabilities. The importance of examining the family context in order to determine how to best tailor a treatment program to fit the need of the family is discussed.

Changes in the American workforce have raised concern over the interface between family and work. The responsibilities and frustrations of the work domain frequently spill over to the family domain and vice versa. The purpose of this research has been to investigate the influence of workplace stressors, resources, and perceptions on subsequent negative work-to-family spillover. The theoretical direction for the study stems from a modified application of McCubbin and Patterson's double ABCX model, which fits well into the larger spillover perspective. The data for the study came from 1992 National Study of the Changing Workforce [NSCW). A subsample of respondents who worked full-time, lived with another family member, and were not self-employed was used for the analysis. The final sample consisted of 598 respondents. The findings suggest that work-co-family spillover is more common for women than men. However, the workplace stressor and resources in this study had less direct influence on work-co-family spillover for women than for men. In shore, an adequate explanation of work-to-family spillover is likely more complex for women than for men. The findings also generally supported the theoretical model. That is, workplace stressors, workplace resources, and family perceptions generally had an effect on work-co-family spillover. Interestingly, formal workplace resources, such as family-friendly programs, had only a small effect on work-to-family spillover. However, exploring spillover from a family-co-work direction would have possibly yielded different results. Informal resources had only modest direct effects on work-tofamily spillover, but indirect effects were practically important. General perception had the strongest direct effect on work-to-family spillover for both men and women.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the phenomenon of interfaith marriage. It is a comparative study using archival data. Utah Catholic interfaith marriage trends over 31 years were compared with three other Catholic dioceses in the United States similar in size or in other demographic characteristics. Results indicate that Utah is not atypical in its intermarriage patterns. In addition, a micro-level analysis of Catholic interfaith marriages at three points in time was conducted for the Diocese of Salt Lake alone. Statistical analysis employed primarily measures of central tendency. Results indicate that Catholics intermarrying in Utah are older than the national median, that Catholic women marry out almost twice as frequently as Catholic men, that over time Catholics in Utah intermarry most often with Mormons, and that most Catholic intermarriage takes place in the Salt Lake metroplex, an urban rather than rural area.

The purpose of this study was to develop a conceptual model that could be used to aid in identifying which household factors contribute to an increased likelihood of foreclosure. More specifically, what borrower-related and mortgage-related factors are correlated with home foreclosure? This was achieved by studying a sample from an inventory of active and foreclosed Federal Housing Administration (FHA) homes in the state of Utah. The sample consisted of 179 cases. Characteristics of interest were extracted from data and divided into two categories: borrower-related factors and mortgage-related factors. Bivariate, and multivariate analyses were conducted with the borrower- and mortgage-related factors. Among the major findings was the significance of race, front-end ratio, and interest rate in the likelihood of foreclosure. Similarly non- White borrowers were found as a concern group. Lastly, the presence of a first-time homebuyer and a high front-end ratio need to be viewed as potential factors leading to foreclosure.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the quality of grandfather's relationships with his adult child and their oldest child. A questionnaire was used to obtain demographic data, determine some personality and interaction patterns that can be observed as the male adult develops in the parent and grandparent roles, and examine how specific variables affect grandfather relationships and behavior. Data were gathered from 165 Utah State University students and their spouses , of which over 75% belong to the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. The results support good intergenerational relationships. Proximity of grandfather and extended family members was on the average 23 miles. The grandfather and adult child visited each other on the average of five times monthly. Grandfathers were seen as helpful, affectionate, and willing to sacrifice for the adult child if in need. Insufficient data were gathered to support a conclusion that the quality of grandfather ' s relationship with either the adult child or the grandchild would be significantly related to grandfather age or the family member's sex . Some trends suggest that females are more accepting of help from the grandfather . Also older grandfathers tended to be perceived to have a more positive relationship than their younger counterparts. Perceptions of grandfathers' changing behavior over time indicated most grandfathers ' behaviors remain stable . When change did take place, it was significantly more likely to be in the direction of increased warmth and nurturing behaviors.

This study examined the relationship between infants' reactivity and mothers' emotionality during the early postpartum period, specifically during the first days of life and again by three months of age. The Clinical Neonatal Behavioral Scale (CLNBAS) was used to evaluate the infants. The mothers were evaluated at the same time by responding to questions on the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). Forty-six mother-infant dyads were recruited from the Logan Regional Hospital childbirth classes for first-time parents. Minimum criteria for participation were that the mother must be married, be at least 18 years of age, have at least a high school education, with the infant must having a minimum APGAR score of 7 on the second APGAR evaluation and being the firstborn. There were 27 male and 19 female infants in the study. After the initial sign-up for participation, the mothers were contacted prior to the baby's due date and arrangements were made to visit them for the first evaluation in the home. At the time of the first evaluation (TI ), a date was set for the second evaluation (T2). Several aspects of the mother-infant interactive process and the relationship between mothers' emotionality and the infants' reactivity were noted in the collected data. This study focused mainly on the infants' reactivity to the social emotional items of the CLNBAS in relationship to the mothers' EPDS scores or level of emotionality, but other CLNBAS areas were also studied. Infants' reactivity Tl and mothers' emotionality T2 had a statistically significant relationship for CLNBAS items, "response to face and voice" and "tracking the red ball." Mothers previously diagnosed with depression scored higher on the EPDS Tl and T2 than mothers not previously diagnosed as depressed, and their infants scored lower on the CLNBAS when compared to the infants whose mothers were not previously diagnosed with depression.

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of the Human Development Institute's (HDI) new group relationship improvement program on the interpersonal functioning of those individuals who undergo the program. The "California Personality Inventory" (CPI), the "Fundamental Interpersonal Relations Orientation-Behavior" (FIRO-B), and a semantic differential were used to measure changes. The two hypotheses of this study are: There will be a significant change towards improved interpersonal relationship skills for all groups, as measured from pre- to post testings. There will be no significant difference in the change in interpersonal relations as measured by the pre-and post tests, between the groups using the RTF manual, and the groups having a leader and using an eclectic approach. An analysis of variance was run to test whether there was a significant difference pre to post on all three tests that were administered, or if there was a significant difference between post test scores of the leader and non-leader groups. Variable 5 on the CPI post testing was significant for the leader group. No other significance was obtained.

Marriage and family therapy training involves the development of therapy skills that lead to effective treatment, and the family therapy literature recognizes the importance of skill development in training. The training literature dealing with specific skills most often refers to beginning-level skills and obtains data largely from supervisors and trainers. Intermediate-level skills appear to be overlooked and no apparent attention is given from the perspective of trainees. This research examined the perspectives of trainees concerning family therapy skills at the intermediate level. Intermediate trainee perspectives were compared with the perspectives of their supervisors. Comparisons were also made with perspectives of beginning students. The findings indicate that intermediate trainees consider all the skills defined by their supervisors as important, with some differences among the groups in the types of skills preferred. Intermediate trainees continue to value the self attributes and joining skills preferred by beginning students as they make the transition to the professional level, where case management and professionalism skills become more important.

The purpose of this thesis was two fold. First, there was an experiment in which the independent variable was the behavioral skill levels of parents and their adolescents on a social skills training program and the dependent variable was the parent and adolescent perceptions of their interpersonal relationship regarding communication and problem solving. Second, there was an experiment comparing instructional styles wherein the independent variable was the length of time used to present the social skills training program and the dependent variable was the resulting scores on the behavioral measures of the program. A modified pretest -post-test control group design was used wherein the control group for the first experiment became a portion of the experimental group for the second experiment. There were 43 parent adolescent dyads who volunteered to participate. Of those, 25 of the dyads met the minimum criteria for being included in the analysis. There were 18 dyads analyzed from the experimental group and seven from the control group. Results of the first experiment, regarding the effects of a social skills program on perceived interpersonal relationships, demonstrated that while the parents did perceive an improvement , the adolescents did not. Results of the second experiment demonstrated that the long term program of one skill every week for eight weeks was more effective than the concentrated one week program of two skills per night for four nights.