The Canadian response following the Haitian earthquake of 2010 was not solely focused on providing humanitarian assistance. Canada also used several immigration measures both at the federal level and the provincial level in Quebec in order to facilitate the immigration of eligible Haitians to Canada and their subsequent reunification with their Canadian family members. This thesis explores these immigration measures and evaluates their effectiveness. In addition, the research examines the role that the large Haitian Diaspora in Canada played in bringing about the adoption of a set of immigration measures specifically for Haitians. The research shows that the Canadian measures implemented were both multi-dimensional – as a variety of immigration mechanisms were used, and multi-level – as the Canadian response included both federal and provincial initiatives in Quebec. While a number of measures were introduced federally, none of these measures could be considered “special” as they were all possible under Canada’s immigration legislation, and they were not unique to the post-earthquake context. In contrast, Quebec’s Humanitarian Sponsorship Program for Haitians was very “special” in that it was the first time such a program was implemented for a large group of people. The research also points to the fact that although using immigration mechanisms to respond to a humanitarian crisis has its benefits, these mechanisms are not designed to provide prompt protection and relief to individuals affected by crisis situations. The research also demonstrates that the use of the available complementary protection measures (humanitarian and compassionate considerations, moratorium and protected person status) did not make up the primary thrust of the Canadian immigration response to the earthquake in Haiti. This fact is indicative of the inadequacy of these measures in providing protection to individuals displaced by environmental factors. Finally, it is argued that although the existence of a large Haitian Diaspora was influential in creating a climate open to the adoption of special measures for Haitians, the Haitian Diaspora did not necessarily influence the specifics of the measures adopted to a significant degree.

The Canadian response following the Haitian earthquake of 2010 was not solely focused on providing humanitarian assistance. Canada also used several immigration measures both at the federal level and the provincial level in Quebec in order to facilitate the immigration of eligible Haitians to Canada and their subsequent reunification with their Canadian family members. This thesis explores these immigration measures and evaluates their effectiveness. In addition, the research examines the role that the large Haitian Diaspora in Canada played in bringing about the adoption of a set of immigration measures specifically for Haitians. The research shows that the Canadian measures implemented were both multi-dimensional – as a variety of immigration mechanisms were used, and multi-level – as the Canadian response included both federal and provincial initiatives in Quebec. While a number of measures were introduced federally, none of these measures could be considered “special” as they were all possible under Canada’s immigration legislation, and they were not unique to the post-earthquake context. In contrast, Quebec’s Humanitarian Sponsorship Program for Haitians was very “special” in that it was the first time such a program was implemented for a large group of people. The research also points to the fact that although using immigration mechanisms to respond to a humanitarian crisis has its benefits, these mechanisms are not designed to provide prompt protection and relief to individuals affected by crisis situations. The research also demonstrates that the use of the available complementary protection measures (humanitarian and compassionate considerations, moratorium and protected person status) did not make up the primary thrust of the Canadian immigration response to the earthquake in Haiti. This fact is indicative of the inadequacy of these measures in providing protection to individuals displaced by environmental factors. Finally, it is argued that although the existence of a large Haitian Diaspora was influential in creating a climate open to the adoption of special measures for Haitians, the Haitian Diaspora did not necessarily influence the specifics of the measures adopted to a significant degree.

The Canadian response following the Haitian earthquake of 2010 was not solely focused on providing humanitarian assistance. Canada also used several immigration measures both at the federal level and the provincial level in Quebec in order to facilitate the immigration of eligible Haitians to Canada and their subsequent reunification with their Canadian family members. This thesis explores these immigration measures and evaluates their effectiveness. In addition, the research examines the role that the large Haitian Diaspora in Canada played in bringing about the adoption of a set of immigration measures specifically for Haitians. The research shows that the Canadian measures implemented were both multi-dimensional – as a variety of immigration mechanisms were used, and multi-level – as the Canadian response included both federal and provincial initiatives in Quebec. While a number of measures were introduced federally, none of these measures could be considered “special” as they were all possible under Canada’s immigration legislation, and they were not unique to the post-earthquake context. In contrast, Quebec’s Humanitarian Sponsorship Program for Haitians was very “special” in that it was the first time such a program was implemented for a large group of people. The research also points to the fact that although using immigration mechanisms to respond to a humanitarian crisis has its benefits, these mechanisms are not designed to provide prompt protection and relief to individuals affected by crisis situations. The research also demonstrates that the use of the available complementary protection measures (humanitarian and compassionate considerations, moratorium and protected person status) did not make up the primary thrust of the Canadian immigration response to the earthquake in Haiti. This fact is indicative of the inadequacy of these measures in providing protection to individuals displaced by environmental factors. Finally, it is argued that although the existence of a large Haitian Diaspora was influential in creating a climate open to the adoption of special measures for Haitians, the Haitian Diaspora did not necessarily influence the specifics of the measures adopted to a significant degree.

The Canadian response following the Haitian earthquake of 2010 was not solely focused on providing humanitarian assistance. Canada also used several immigration measures both at the federal level and the provincial level in Quebec in order to facilitate the immigration of eligible Haitians to Canada and their subsequent reunification with their Canadian family members. This thesis explores these immigration measures and evaluates their effectiveness. In addition, the research examines the role that the large Haitian Diaspora in Canada played in bringing about the adoption of a set of immigration measures specifically for Haitians. The research shows that the Canadian measures implemented were both multi-dimensional – as a variety of immigration mechanisms were used, and multi-level – as the Canadian response included both federal and provincial initiatives in Quebec. While a number of measures were introduced federally, none of these measures could be considered “special” as they were all possible under Canada’s immigration legislation, and they were not unique to the post-earthquake context. In contrast, Quebec’s Humanitarian Sponsorship Program for Haitians was very “special” in that it was the first time such a program was implemented for a large group of people. The research also points to the fact that although using immigration mechanisms to respond to a humanitarian crisis has its benefits, these mechanisms are not designed to provide prompt protection and relief to individuals affected by crisis situations. The research also demonstrates that the use of the available complementary protection measures (humanitarian and compassionate considerations, moratorium and protected person status) did not make up the primary thrust of the Canadian immigration response to the earthquake in Haiti. This fact is indicative of the inadequacy of these measures in providing protection to individuals displaced by environmental factors. Finally, it is argued that although the existence of a large Haitian Diaspora was influential in creating a climate open to the adoption of special measures for Haitians, the Haitian Diaspora did not necessarily influence the specifics of the measures adopted to a significant degree.

Plusieurs milliers de citoyens haïtiens se sont établis au Québec après la survenue du séisme ayant frappé Haïti le 12 janvier 2010. Beaucoup d’entre eux ont été parrainés au Québec par leur famille. L’immigration au Canada en provenance d’Haïti a débuté à la fin des années 1950 en se concentrant plus particulièrement à Montréal. Le contexte politique, social et économique en Haïti est souvent cité dans la littérature pour expliquer le départ des Haïtiens et leur installation au Québec où la « communauté haïtienne » est estimée à environ 120 000 personnes. Nous avons mené une recherche qualitative exploratoire afin de mieux comprendre la situation de nouveaux arrivants haïtiens établis à Montréal suite au séisme. Pour cela, nous nous sommes inspirés des notions d'expérience (Dubet, 1994) et de représentation (Hall, 1997). Entre novembre 2012 et janvier 2013, nous avons réalisé neuf entrevues dont sept avec des femmes et deux avec des hommes âgés de 23 à 60 ans. Les résultats suggèrent que les participants accordent beaucoup d'importance à la vie dans le pays d'origine avant la migration dans l'élaboration de leurs expériences. L'expérience actuelle « ici » est élaborée en comparaison à l'expérience passée « là-bas ». Les participants insistent également sur l'importance du réseau familial lors du processus migratoire, à la fois dans les démarches d'émigration et dans l'accompagnement au pays d'accueil. Des émotions douloureuses ont été exprimées face à la séparation familiale, vécue comme une des conséquences de la migration. Les participants ont tous entamé des démarches d'insertion en emploi mais ils ont fait face à des difficultés dont la plupart d'entre eux qualifient de « structurelles » et que certains qualifient de difficultés « personnelles ». Enfin, les résultats indiquent que les participants sont porteurs d'un imaginaire migratoire qui s'exprime par des aspirations et des attentes par rapport à la société d'accueil et qui rend compte d’une tension entre ces aspirations et les expériences vécues. / Thousands of Haitian citizens have settled in Quebec after the occurrence of the earthquake that struck Haiti on January 12, 2010. Many of them have been sponsored in Quebec by their families. Immigration to Canada from Haiti began during the late 1950s focusing more particularly in Montreal. The political, social and economic context in Haiti is often cited in the literature to explain the departure of Haitians and their installation in Quebec where the 'Haitian community' is estimated at about 120,000 people. We conducted an exploratory qualitative research to better understand the situation of Haitian newcomers established in Montreal following the earthquake. To do this, we inspired by notions of experience (Dubet, 1994) and representation (Hall, 1997). Between November 2012 and January 2013, we carried out nine interviews with seven women and two men aged from 23 to 60 years. The results suggest that participants place great importance to life in the country of origin prior to migration in the development of their experiences. Experience current "here" is developed in comparison to experience past 'out there '. Participants also emphasized the importance of the family network when the migration process, both in the processes of emigration and in the accompaniment to the host country. Painful emotions were expressed against the separation family, lived as one of the consequences of the migration. Participants began efforts to integrate employment but they were faced with difficulties that most of them describe as "structural" and that some "personal". Finally, the results indicate that participants are carriers of an imaginary migration which is expressed by aspirations and expectations compared to the host society and which reflects a tension between these aspirations and experiences.