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Economic data concerning the costs and benefits of Inuit subsistence in the Igloolik region of Nunavut were collected during the summer of 1992. The purpose of the research was to develop a method of valuation to showcase the high "profit", in economic terms, that harvested country food provides. / Wildlife harvesting in Inuit communities represents a traditional way of life which is threatened by the increasing expansion of wage employment, industrial development and the availability of store bought food. However, rather than having a marginalizing effect, these changes make subsistence hunting an essential economic activity. / This thesis develops a method to measure the harvest of country food through a dollar value standard thus quantifying the real economic benefits of Inuit subsistence. The value of harvested food can then be compared economically to store bought food. This comparison shows that subsistence hunting provides Inuit with a relatively inexpensive food source, equivalent to $6 million of income ``in kind'' per community in the Baffin Region. In this era of store bought food and wage employment, Inuit communities remain economically and socially integrated through subsistence hunting. Without harvesting, northern communities would be culturally and nutritionally poorer than at any time in the past.

Thesis (M.A.)--University of Montana, 2007. / Title from title screen. Description based on contents viewed Aug. 1, 2007. Includes bibliographical references (p. 102-106).

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-11T13:54:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Washington Carlos da Silva Mendonca.pdf: 484370 bytes, checksum: a48adf077b33b55e5d78ab164b39391d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-08-09 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Amazonas / This study valuated the caimans hunting with hook practiced in the Low Purus river at the Sustainable Development Reserve (RDS) Piagaçu-Purus, Central Amazon. This activity is realized by the riveriner aim the caiman meat production in salt-dry to supply the interstates trade. The knowledge scenery about the hunting of caiman with hook was put in public since 2003, however, not much is know about this catch effects on the caiman hunting productivity and its catch length. Aim to valuate the effect of this catch, were accompanied 31 caiman hunting with hook in the period of February to October 2008. Multiple Linear Regressions and Simple Linear Regression Analyzes were applied to model the caiman catch production and size. The mass of meat produced by the hunting were modeling in function of the river water level, community distance and hunting effort using hook. Were caught 124 caimans, where: 53 with suspense hook and 71 with the hook armed under land. The modeling of the size of hook and to water deep explained 48% of caiman length variance, while the modeling that used the height of hook parameter above the water surface and water deep explain 38% of this variance. The Simple Linear Regression was utilized to modeling the caiman length caught in function of distance hook traped under land from the interface water-land, showing a variance of 60% for the sample size. The hunting effect presented in this study indicates the intensive hunting pressure on the caiman population, confirmed through produced caiman meat decreasing near to hunters communities. Confirmed through Multiple Linear Regression values expressed for 70% of variance for this production. Was observed too that the caiman hunting are proportionally inverse to the river water level. The Caiman crocodilus caught length present higher abundance of individual above 70cm of snout-vent length. This indicate that the hunting method guard the replacement individuals to maintain the caiman population. While the Melanosuchus niger specie had the higher abundance of caught individual sub adult, noting the reduction of big adults. The absence of this caiman length class sustain the hypothesis that the individual lenght structure of M. niger population are probably affected by the intense hunting pressure. The results presented can be utilized to subsides the public policy for assert the sustainable management of caiman in the Amazon States, Brazil. / Este estudo avaliou a caça de jacaré com anzol praticada no baixo Rio Purus na Reserva de Desenvolvimento Sustentável (RDS) Piagaçu-Purus, Amazônia Central. Esta atividade é realizada pelos ribeirinhos e visa à produção de carne de jacaré seco-salgada para abastecer o comércio interestadual. O conhecimento do cenário sobre a caça de jacaré com anzol foi levado a publico em 2003, no entanto, pouco se sabe sobre os efeitos desta caça quanto à sua produtividade e tamanho de captura. Com intuito de avaliar o efeito desta prática, foram acompanhadas 31 caçadas de jacaré com anzol no Período de fevereiro a outubro de 2008. Análises de Regressão Linear Múltipla e Simples foram aplicadas para modelar a produção e tamanho dos jacarés capturados. A quantidade de carne produzida por caçada foi modelada em função da cota do rio, da distância da comunidade e do esforço de caça com anzol. Foram capturados 124 jacarés, onde: 53 com anzol suspenso e 71 com anzol armado sobre o solo. A modelagem do tamanho do anzol e da profundidade da água explicou 48% da variância dos tamanhos dos jacarés, enquanto que o modelo que utilizou os parâmetros da altura do anzol acima da lâmina de água e profundidade da água explicou 38% dessa variância. A Regressão Linear Simples foi utilizada para modelar o tamanho do jacaré capturado em função da distância do anzol armadilhado em terra até a interface água-terra, mostrando uma variância de 60% no tamanho dos exemplares. Os efeitos da caça de jacaré apontados neste estudo indicam intensa pressão de caça sobre o estoque, confirmado através da diminuição de carne produzida próximo as comunidades ali instaladas. Confirmado através dos valores da Regressão Linear Múltipla que expressou 70% de variância nessa produção. Foi observado também, que a captura do jacaré é inversamente proporcional ao nível do rio. Os tamanhos dos Caiman crocodilus capturados apresentaram maior abundância de indivíduos acima de 70 cm de comprimento rostro-cloacal indicando que o método de caça resguarda indivíduos repositores para a manutenção da população. Enquanto que a espécie Melanosuchus niger, teve a maior abundância de indivíduos capturados subadultos, notando-se baixa de grandes adultos. A ausência desta classe de tamanho sustenta a hipótese de que a estrutura de tamanho dos indivíduos na população de M. niger é provavelmente afetada pela intensa pressão de caça. Os resultados apresentados podem ser utilizados para subsidiar políticas publicas que possam assegurar o manejo sustentável do jacaré no Estado do Amazonas.

The diversity of wildlife resources and the highly-developed trophy hunting and game ranching industry make South Africa a sought-after destination for travelling hunters. Significant economic, social and ecological benefits result from the annual visits of 16 000 hunters. These benefits, in turn, accelerate industry competition. To maintain or increase the clientele base, hunting providers should continue to manage and improve their clients’ safari experiences. This research investigated visiting hunters’ South African safari experiences by measuring their perceptions of service quality, satisfaction and behavioural intention. The results of the research could assist hunting providers in identifying areas where service expectations are not met and understanding the impact of service quality and satisfaction on clients’ loyalty. The literature study contextualised the South African trophy hunting industry within the tourism environment, the realms of wildlife tourism, and the characteristics of hunting tourism. An overview of tourism services, service quality, customer satisfaction, and behavioural intention was also provided. The resulting conceptual model hypothesised relationships among the safari experience variables (service quality, satisfaction and behavioural intention). ii The empirical data were collected by means of a mail survey, using a self-administered questionnaire distributed to 2 000 foreign hunters who had participated in a South African hunting safari at least once between 2003 and 2007. Two hundred and thirty six completed questionnaires were returned, giving a response rate of 13.2%. The majority of the hunters were male, aged between 40 and 60 years, and from the United States of America and Europe. Hunters perceived the level of service quality delivery by hunting providers to be relatively high and were generally satisfied with their South African safaris. As a result, they were willing to return for another hunting experience and were very likely to speak positively about their experiences. By performing exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, a three-factor (augmented services, core services and supporting services) service quality construct was identified and confirmed. Multiple regression analyses found that core services was the strongest predictor of overall satisfaction; overall satisfaction was significantly related to revisit intention; and revisit intention significantly predicted word-of-mouth intention. An empirical model was accordingly constructed to replace the original conceptual model. iii It is recommended that South African hunting safari providers should: {u10007A} use the suggested measuring instrument to monitor their performance of service quality delivery on a regular basis; {u10007A} train their employees to ensure that they are knowledgeable and well prepared for field guidance and to promote ethical hunting practices; {u10007A} ensure an abundance of game and a wilderness atmosphere in the hunting area; {u10007A} conduct focus group studies to further understand the factors that shape clients’ perceptions of the safari experience; and {u10007A} invest in developing long-term relationships with existing clients.

The role of seral succession and hunting in the regulation of Vancouver Island black-tailed deer populations (Odocoileus hemionus columbianus, Richardson) was studied from comparison of observed changes in the Northwest Bay herd over the period 1954-1966 with those predicted from a computer simulation of population processes of such a herd. Northwest Bay was chosen because there were accurate logging records since the first cut was made in 1939, and accurate kill records since hunters were first allowed into the area in appreciable numbers in 1954. Previous studies had shown that deer populations increase rapidly after fire and logging, but tend to return to former levels 15 to 20 years later. Indices of range condition were calculated by multiplying the number of square miles of land in certain seral stages by the number of deer per square mile expected to occupy each stage (as determined by previous studies). Over the period 1956-1966 the Northwest Bay area was in decline as deer habitat, while hunting pressure increased. Two independent indices suggested that deer numbers declined over this period, in association with a decline in condition (measured by weight in fall) of the younger age-classes of males. Average weights of the lower age-classes of females followed similar patterns, but the decreases in weight were not significant—perhaps because of inadequate samples. These changes supported the hypothesis that seral succession is the most important long-range determinant of deer numbers, but one expected change (the development of an older average age) was not found. The proportion of 1.5-year-old animals increased and decreased in cyclic fashion over the period 1954-1966, but no consistent trend towards an older or younger age-class structure was observed when the period 1954-1959 was compared with the period 1960-1966. The absence of such a change was attributed to the effects of hunting, which would be expected to produce a younger average age if significant numbers of animals were harvested, and thus counteract the effects of a deteriorating habitat. In the years of heaviest hunting mortality (1962 and 1963 ) hunters probably accounted for 15 per cent of the fall population as a whole, and over 20 per cent of the fall male population. These levels of exploitation apparently resulted in significant declines in numbers of animals after both of these years, which supported the hypothesis that hunting can serve as a regulatory mechanism to maintain numbers within the limits determined by seral succession. Further support for this viewpoint came from the fact that year-to-year fluctuations in numbers, which were apparently great in the period 1954-1962, appeared to be dampened over the last four years of the study—a result which was predicted by computer simulation. A second major direct cause of mortality over the period 1954-1966 was believed to be winter weather. Significant declines in both numbers of animals and condition of males after the 1955-56 winter, which according to temperature and snowfall records was more severe than normal. There is reason to believe that this winter also resulted in disproportionately-high mortality among female fawns and 1.5-year-olds, but sample sizes were too small to permit adequate assessment of this point. A second winter, 1964-65, which was believed to have affected many Vancouver Island deer herds adversely and which was more severe than normal according to temperature and snowfall indices, had negligible effects upon the Northwest Bay deer. This may have been because, by this time, numbers had been reduced by hunting to levels that the area could effectively support even in a severe winter. One paradox was found, however. Hunting patterns resulted in males being shot in proportionately greater numbers than females, and in latter years this difference was apparently great enough to reduce the proportion of adult males. However, no corresponding significant change in the pattern of differences in male and female age-class structure was observed. Computer simulation of Northwest Bay population processes (not including fawns during the first two months of life) indicated that natural mortality from accident, predation, disease and other miscellaneous causes excluding winter loss associated with malnutrition was approximately 10 per cent of the herd every six months. It was concluded that seral succession had been the indirect cause of the decline in numbers of Northwest Bay deer over the period 1954-1966, but that numbers of animals in any year during the period 1954-1961 were dependent upon the severity of the winter, while following this time year-to-year population levels were dependent primarily upon the effects of hunting. / Science, Faculty of / Zoology, Department of / Graduate

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xviii, 326 p. : ill. (some col.), maps. A print copy of this title is available through the UO Libraries under the call number: KNIGHT GN799 .F6 H46 2002 / Archaeological evidence indicates that cold storage of bison meat was consistently practiced on the eastern Snake River Plain over the last 8000 years. Recent excavations in three cold lava tube caves have revealed a distinctive artifact assemblage of elk antler tines, broken handstones, and bison bone in association with frozen sagebrush features. Similar evidence has also been discovered in four other caves within the region. A patch choice model was utilized in this study to address how the long-term practice of caching bison meat in cold caves may have functioned in prehistoric subsistence patterns. Because the net return rate for bison was critical to the model, the hunting success of fur trappers occupying the eastern Snake River Plain during the early 1800s, as recorded in their daily journals, was examined and quantified. According to the model, the productivity of cold storage caves must be evaluated against the productivity of other patches on the eastern Snake River Plain, such as ephemeral ponds and linear river corridors from season to season and year to year. The model suggests that residential bases occurred only within river resource patches while ephemeral ponds and ice caves would contain sites indicative of seasonal base camps. The predictions of the model were tested against documented archaeological data from the Snake River Plain through the examination of Geographic Information Systems data provided by the Idaho Bureau of Land Management. The results of this analysis indicate that seasonal base camps are directly associated with both ephemeral and perennial water sources, providing strong support for the model's predictions. Likewise, the temporal distribution of sites within the study area indicates that climate change over the last 8000 years was not dramatic enough to alter long-term subsistence practices in the region. The long-term use of multiple resource patches across the region also confirms that, although the high return rates for bison made them very desirable prey, the over-all diet breadth for the eastern Snake River Plain was broad and included a variety of large and small game and plant foods. Bison and cold storage caves were a single component in a highly mobile seasonal round that persisted for some 8000 years, down to the time of written history in the 19th Century. / Committee in charge: Dr. C. Melvin Aikens, Chair; Dr. Lawrence Sugiyama ; Dr. Jon Erlandson ; Dr. Dennis Jenkins ; Dr. Cathy Whitlock ;