Title: Technique of Hurdle Clearing in 400 Meters Hurdles (Study Review) Authors: Jiří Jakoubek Supervisor: PhDr. Aleš Kaplan, Ph.D. Aims: The aim of this thesis is to describe technique of hurdle clearing in 400 meters hurdle race using study review and to examine this technique at particular athlete during training and racing sessions in 400 meters hurdles race. Methods: Technique was compared and examined at young athlete. Two kinograms were used for analysis, one from training and one from racing session. The comparison was made using third hurdle in second track. One hurdle clearance from each training and racing session was used, where individual phases from hurdle crossing were clearly visible. For better and well- arranged comparative analysis the same athlete was always examined. Technique of hurdle clearing was analysed using 3D kinematic analysis. The captured record was transmitted into appropriate format and elaborated in Kinovea program. For superior quality of presented snapshots program Corel photo-point 9.0 was used. Results: The analyzed athlete was found to have imperfect technique of hurdle clearing. Different quality of technique during training and racing sessions used for hurdle crossing was apparent at several points. Among the nodal points of proband's technique, which were...

Cycling safety policy and research have mostly focused on cycling infrastructure, cyclists' behavior, and safety equipment in the past decades. However, the role ofbuilt environment characteristics (BECs) in the safety of cyclists has not yet been fully examined. For the Netherlands, this is rather surprising given the significant modal share of bicycles in daily trips, the importance attributed to urban spatial planning, and it being one of the most planned countries in the world. Despite the considerable improvements that have ta1cen place in traffic safety over the decades, the ( actual) number of cyclist deaths between 2011 and 2020 increased by on average 2% per year; the cyclists bad a major portion oftraffic death (followed by passenger cars); also, almost onethird of traffic death happened in built-up a.reas (about 25% of fatalities occurred on 50km/h roads in urban areas) in this period. Considering the aim of construction of on average 75,000 new homes per year until 2025, as weil as promoting bicycle use in as a healthy and sustainable mode of transport in the N etherlands, underst.anding the relationships between the BECs and cycling safety is invaluable for improving the safety of cyclists.

Master of Science / Department of Statistics / Leigh W. Murray / Traditionally the Poisson process is used to model count response variables. However, a problem arises when the particular response variable contains an inordinate number of both zeros and large observations, relative to the mean, for a typical Poisson process. In cases such as these, the variance of the data is greater than the mean and as such the data are over-dispersed with respect to the Poisson distribution due to the fact that the mean equals the variance for the Poisson distribution. This case study looks at several common and uncommon ways to attempt to properly account for this over-dispersion in a specific set of nematode count data using various procedures in SAS 9.2. These methods include but are not limited to a basic linear regression model, a generalized linear (log-linear) model, a zero-inflated Poisson model, a generalized Poisson model, and a Poisson hurdle model. Based on the AIC statistics the generalized log-linear models with the Pearson-scale and deviance-scale corrections perform the best. However, based on residual plots, none of the models appear to fit the data adequately. Further work with non-parametric methods or the negative binomial distribution may yield more ideal results.

The classical Poisson, geometric and negative binomial regression models for count data belong to the family of generalized linear models and are available at the core of the statistics toolbox in the R system for statistical computing. After reviewing the conceptual and computational features of these methods, a new implementation of zero-inflated and hurdle regression models in the functions zeroinfl() and hurdle() from the package pscl is introduced. It re-uses design and functionality of the basic R functions just as the underlying conceptual tools extend the classical models. Both model classes are able to incorporate over-dispersion and excess zeros - two problems that typically occur in count data sets in economics and the social and political sciences - better than their classical counterparts. Using cross-section data on the demand for medical care, it is illustrated how the classical as well as the zero-augmented models can be fitted, inspected and tested in practice. (author's abstract) / Series: Research Report Series / Department of Statistics and Mathematics

The classical Poisson, geometric and negative binomial regression models for count data belong to the family of generalized linear models and are available at the core of the statistics toolbox in the R system for statistical computing. After reviewing the conceptual and computational features of these methods, a new implementation of hurdle and zero-inflated regression models in the functions hurdle() and zeroinfl() from the package pscl is introduced. It re-uses design and functionality of the basic R functions just as the underlying conceptual tools extend the classical models. Both hurdle and zero-inflated model, are able to incorporate over-dispersion and excess zeros-two problems that typically occur in count data sets in economics and the social sciences-better than their classical counterparts. Using cross-section data on the demand for medical care, it is illustrated how the classical as well as the zero-augmented models can be fitted, inspected and tested in practice. (authors' abstract)

Title: 100 m hurdle race women in fire sport. Objectives: A description of the discipline of 100 m hurdle race women and a description of rendition technique from the methodical point of view is the main objective of this work. Methods: A descriptive method and a video record analysis were used in this work. Each phases are slowed-motion and retroactive described. Results: It`s a methodical description of the discipline with the video record and it will be used for coaching purposes for beginning and also advanced racers. It will improve technique of 100 m hurdle race and also achieve better sports performances too. Keywords: run, start, hurdle, beam, fire divider, technique, movement, analysis.

There are several arguments why the economic analysis of gambling seems to be very interesting. Gambling is a very important economic industry from which either local or national governments obtain resources due to some sort of fiscal imposition on gambling participation. On the other hand, the consumption of gambling seems to violate the premises of economic theory (risk aversion, maximizing and rational conduct). The empirical literature on this field has tried to answer several questions that might be summarized as follows: Who does gamble? Why do people gamble? And, how do game features, such as the rules or the prize structure, affect the demand for gambling? This thesis tries to shed more light on the questions identified above, focusing on the particular case of state-operated lotteries and football pools in Spain. Specifically, we are interested in examining what aspects drive gamblers' participation in Spanish lottery markets and spending on lotteries, focusing on network externalities in consumer spending on closely related lottery goods. Next, we study the demand for a particular game, paying attention to the factors that explain why individuals bet, especially, those that refer to the design of the game and the structure of prizes. Finally, the analysis of the main economic determinants of demand for gambling is extended to football pools as a particular form of sports gambling. In addition to these empirical exercises, this study contributes to the economics of gambling by briefly reviewing the theoretical work and empirical highlights from the previous analysis of the demand for lottery.

Master of Science / Agricultural Economics / Vincent R. Amanor-Boadu / Ghana is the first Sub-Saharan African country to meet the Millennium Development Goals (MDG) of halving extreme poverty by 2015 and has made great improvement in four of the total eight MDG. Supporting by several aid programs, Ghana is right in the middle of an economic boom through agriculture with the stock exchange listing of the Ghanaian Agricultural Development Bank the 3rd of July 2015. However, many Ghanaian producers, specifically in the northern part, cannot take full advantage of this “boom” as they are dealing with poor soil quality and suboptimal levels fertilizer use. By increasing fertilizer use, producers can improve their field’s soil quality and achieve higher crop yields. The purpose of this study is to gain a better understanding of factors influencing the fertilizer use decision among smallholder producers in northern Ghana. A two-part model is estimated and takes into account number of important demographic, production and marking factors affecting producer’s decision on fertilizer adoption and amount used. Findings from this study have implication for designing private initiatives and public policies on improving smallholder producers’ agricultural productivity through the adoption of fertilizer.

Orientador: Fumio Yokoya / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-05T11:21:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Hashimoto_JorgeMinoru_D.PDF: 18659887 bytes, checksum: 0c5564f92906c495fdff457951a7dd3f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005 / Doutorado / Doutor em Ciência de Alimentos

The food-away-from-home (FAFH) sector in South Africa has continued to increase in popularity. This is illustrated by the increased presence of FAFH in the diets of the country’s citizens. However, the sector in South Africa remains un-researched with regard to understanding household preferences and the composition of consumer expenditure. This study analyses the effects of income and socio-demographic variables on FAFH expenditure for South Africa. These results will be useful to the foodservice sector and policy makers in order to identify potential customers, respond to current customers’ changing demands and develop marketing and operational strategies, and address important nutrition and health consequences, respectively. Data from Income and Expenditure Surveys (IESs) of 2005/2006 and 2010/2011 of StatsSA (Statistics South Africa) were used to estimate the responsiveness of household FAFH expenditure in South Africa to income and a number of socio-demographic variables. The IESs contain a large number of households with zero FAFH expenditure observations which means that the use of ordinary least squares (OLS) would result in biased and inconsistent results. Furthermore, omitting households with zero FAFH expenditure, and applying OLS reduces the sample size and consequently the efficiency of estimation. Previous studies made use of the univariate and multivariate an adjustment factor and a two-stage process where the second stage is a Generalised Method of Moments (GMM) Within-Group estimator. The majority of studies suggest that double-hurdle models are appropriate for applications where zero expenditure observations are due to abstention or economic factors. The double-hurdle model is more flexible than the tobit model because it allows for the possibility that zero and positive values are generated by different mechanisms. The model used assumes independence between the two hurdles. The first hurdle determines the probability of purchasing FAFH, while the second hurdle determines the amount spent on FAFH. The double-hurdle models estimated for the IESs of 2005/2006 and 2010/2011 illustrate that households headed by younger White females with a small household size and living in an urban settlement are most likely to purchase FAFH. However, households headed by younger White males with a small household size and living in an urban formal settlement are likely to have the highest expenditure on FAFH. An increase in income positively affects the decision to buy FAFH and the amount spent by participating households. The APE (average partial effect) was calculated for the income variable. The APE determines the probability of purchasing FAFH and the income elasticities (conditional and unconditional) of expenditure on FAFH by households. The estimated conditional income elasticity of expenditure is 0,27 and the unconditional income elasticity of expenditure is 0,611 for the IES of 2005/2006. While the estimated conditional income elasticity is 0,171 and the unconditional income elasticity is 0,472 for the IES of 2010/2011. The probability of purchasing FAFH is 0,0905 and 0,0568 for the IESs of 2005/2006 and 2010/2011 respectively. The income elasticity of expenditure on FAFH is inelastic and FAFH is a normal good for the average South African household. The small size of the participation elasticities mean that growth in the FAFH sector will be driven by households with existing expenditure. Future studies should focus on per capita FAFH expenditure, the effect of the lifestage of the individual, rather than age, on FAFH expenditure, FAFH expenditure for different meals (breakfast, lunch and dinner) and facility types (quick- and full-service restaurants) and the effect of income and socio-demographic factors on FAFH expenditure on different food types (for example beef, chicken, lamb, potatoes and salads). / Dissertation (MScAgric)--University of Pretoria, 2014. / tm2015 / Agricultural Economics, Extension and Rural Development / MScAgric / Unrestricted