Esta pesquisa investiga relações entre som e espaço, discutindo conceitos referentes à justaposição de entornos sonoros e físicos. Para tanto, a abordagem da pesquisa reside na discussão dessas relações a partir do uso de interfaces sonoras que promovam escuta coletiva em espaços públicos, constituindo entornos híbridos e proporcionando diferentes apreensões do espaço. Tratando-se de uma pesquisa multidisciplinar, o estudo busca aproximar as disciplinas da Arquitetura e Urbanismo e Estudos de Som. A investigação teórica contextualiza e fornece conceitos de ambos campos disciplinares sobre a função do som enquanto elemento do espaço. A partir dos conceitos trabalhados, são realizadas leituras de intervenções sonoras e a análise do experimento da pesquisa, que inclui a realização de uma intervenção. A intervenção consta no relocamento do conjunto de sons do trem para uma praça pública, de forma a dialogar com seu contexto e dinâmicas sociais e históricas, contribuindo para o surgimento de diferentes interpretações e reflexões das pessoas presentes. Dessa forma, reforça-se a importância da associação entre teoria e prática, que se constitui como procedimento fundamental para a investigação sobre o assunto. / This research investigates sound and space relationships, discussing concepts referred to the juxtaposition of sonic and physical environments. So, the research approach lies in the discussion of these relationships based on the use of sound interfaces which promote collective listening in public spaces, producing hybrid environments and promoting different apprehensions of space. As it is a multidisciplinary research, the study seeks to approach Architecture, Urbanism and Sound Studies disciplinary fields. Theoretical investigation contextualizes and provides concepts from both disciplinary fields on the role of sound as an element of space. From the developed concepts, readings on sound interventions are made as well as the analysis on the research\'s experiment, which includes the accomplishment of an intervention. The intervention is based on the relocation of a set of trains sounds to a public square, engaging with its context and social and historical dynamics, contributing to the appearance of different interpretation and thinking on the people present. Thus, the importance of the association between practice and theory is reinforced, which is fundamental for researching this subject.

This thesis proposes a way in which architecture and the built environment might work to integrate human consciousness and natural process. A theoretical design entitled Landscope is presented as a responsive, sustainable landscape that offers understanding of nature through active observation, interpretation and transformation of the environment. The design proposal is situated at the edge of Hamilton Harbour, Ontario, Canada, adjacent to the existing facilities of the National Water Research Institute. Two extended studies accompany the design proposal. The first, Water, presents a poetic exploration of cosmic, responsive, and connective qualities of water relating to nature and technology. The second study, Connected Fields, focuses on the visionary American engineer Buckminster Fuller and his ‘Geoscope’ project, a geodesic dome designed to act as a monitoring and control centre for global material and resource flows. This section also includes a discussion of general conceptions of the world, focusing on key twentieth-century conceptions of the Biosphere, Gaia, and the Noösphere. Historical theories of environmental perception are discussed including Gestalt psychology and technical systems of observation. Drawing upon this cultural material, the thesis attempts to open boundaries that separate nature and technology, encouraging a complex, mutually dependent relationship between these traditionally separate realms. The general pursuit is a cybernetic and virtual model for environmental and ontological hybridity, involving an evolution of consciousness at both individual and global scales.

This thesis proposes a way in which architecture and the built environment might work to integrate human consciousness and natural process. A theoretical design entitled Landscope is presented as a responsive, sustainable landscape that offers understanding of nature through active observation, interpretation and transformation of the environment. The design proposal is situated at the edge of Hamilton Harbour, Ontario, Canada, adjacent to the existing facilities of the National Water Research Institute. Two extended studies accompany the design proposal. The first, Water, presents a poetic exploration of cosmic, responsive, and connective qualities of water relating to nature and technology. The second study, Connected Fields, focuses on the visionary American engineer Buckminster Fuller and his ‘Geoscope’ project, a geodesic dome designed to act as a monitoring and control centre for global material and resource flows. This section also includes a discussion of general conceptions of the world, focusing on key twentieth-century conceptions of the Biosphere, Gaia, and the Noösphere. Historical theories of environmental perception are discussed including Gestalt psychology and technical systems of observation. Drawing upon this cultural material, the thesis attempts to open boundaries that separate nature and technology, encouraging a complex, mutually dependent relationship between these traditionally separate realms. The general pursuit is a cybernetic and virtual model for environmental and ontological hybridity, involving an evolution of consciousness at both individual and global scales.

Esta pesquisa investiga relações entre som e espaço, discutindo conceitos referentes à justaposição de entornos sonoros e físicos. Para tanto, a abordagem da pesquisa reside na discussão dessas relações a partir do uso de interfaces sonoras que promovam escuta coletiva em espaços públicos, constituindo entornos híbridos e proporcionando diferentes apreensões do espaço. Tratando-se de uma pesquisa multidisciplinar, o estudo busca aproximar as disciplinas da Arquitetura e Urbanismo e Estudos de Som. A investigação teórica contextualiza e fornece conceitos de ambos campos disciplinares sobre a função do som enquanto elemento do espaço. A partir dos conceitos trabalhados, são realizadas leituras de intervenções sonoras e a análise do experimento da pesquisa, que inclui a realização de uma intervenção. A intervenção consta no relocamento do conjunto de sons do trem para uma praça pública, de forma a dialogar com seu contexto e dinâmicas sociais e históricas, contribuindo para o surgimento de diferentes interpretações e reflexões das pessoas presentes. Dessa forma, reforça-se a importância da associação entre teoria e prática, que se constitui como procedimento fundamental para a investigação sobre o assunto. / This research investigates sound and space relationships, discussing concepts referred to the juxtaposition of sonic and physical environments. So, the research approach lies in the discussion of these relationships based on the use of sound interfaces which promote collective listening in public spaces, producing hybrid environments and promoting different apprehensions of space. As it is a multidisciplinary research, the study seeks to approach Architecture, Urbanism and Sound Studies disciplinary fields. Theoretical investigation contextualizes and provides concepts from both disciplinary fields on the role of sound as an element of space. From the developed concepts, readings on sound interventions are made as well as the analysis on the research\'s experiment, which includes the accomplishment of an intervention. The intervention is based on the relocation of a set of trains sounds to a public square, engaging with its context and social and historical dynamics, contributing to the appearance of different interpretation and thinking on the people present. Thus, the importance of the association between practice and theory is reinforced, which is fundamental for researching this subject.

Many learners find the transition from block-based programming to text-based programming difficult. Consequently, research has investigated how block-based languages support learners when making the transition to text-based programming. It categorized the way in which block-based languages support the transition into one-way transition, dual-modality and hybrid environments. This research investigates how one-way transition environments compare to dual-modality environments with regards to learning a text-based language, and how the two modalities differ with regards to the motivational factors satisfaction, enjoyment and easiness. The results show that dual-modality environments could be a better alternative than one-way transition environment when learners make the transition from block-based to text-based programming. The results also show that solving a problem in dual-modality environments could be easier than solving them in one-way transition environments, which could potentially mean that learners experience more motivation when making the transition in a dual-modality environment. This study also investigated if there is an alternative to one-way transition, dual-modality and hybrid environments when helping learners transition from block-based to text-based programming, and what a learning activity in this alternative solution could look like. It found that Blockly Games is an alternative, and describes a learning activity built in Blockly Games. Future research should aim at gaining a deeper understanding of the differences between one-way transition, dual-modality and hybrid environments, and investigate if the approach taken by Blockly Games is a better alternative. / Många elever tycker att övergången från blockbaserad programmering till textbaserad programmering är svår. Följaktligen har forskning undersökt hur blockbaserade språk stödjer elever när de gör övergången till textbaserad programmering. En studie fann att blockbaserade språk stöder denna övergång med hjälp av one-way transition miljöer, dual-modality miljöer och hybrid miljöer. Denna forskning undersöker hur one-way transition miljöer jämför sig med dual-modality miljöer när det kommer till att lära sig ett textbaserat språk, och hur de två modaliteterna skiljer sig åt med avseende på motivationsfaktorerna tillfredsställelse, njutning och lätthet. Resultaten visar att dual-modality miljöer kan vara ett bättre alternativ än one-way transition miljöer när eleverna gör övergången från blockbaserad till textbaserad programmering. Resultaten visar också att det kan vara lättare att lösa ett problem i dual-modality miljöer än att lösa dem i one-way transition miljöer, vilket potentiellt kan innebära att eleverna upplever mer motivation när de gör övergången i en dual-modality miljö. Denna studie undersökte också om det finns ett alternativ till one-way transition miljöer, dual-modality miljöer och hybrid miljöer när elever ska övergå från blockbaserad till textbaserad programmering, och hur en inlärningsaktivitet i denna alternativa lösning skulle kunna se ut. Den fann att Blockly Games är ett alternativ och beskriver en inlärningsaktivitet byggd i Blockly Games. Framtida forskning borde försöka få en djupare förståelse för skillnaderna mellan one-way transition miljöer, dual-modality miljöer och hybrid miljöer, och undersöka om det tillvägagångssätt som Blockly Games använder är ett bättre alternativ.