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The objective of this study is to demonstrate the ability of riverstage tomography to estimate 2-D spatial distribution of hydraulic diffusivity (D) of Zhuoshui River alluvial fan, Taiwan, using groundwater level data from 65 wells and stream stage data from 5 gauging stations. In order to accomplish this objective, wavelet analysis is first conducted to investigate the temporal characteristics of groundwater level, precipitation, and stream stage. The results of the analysis show that variations of groundwater level and stream stage are highly correlated over seasonal and annual periods while that between precipitation is less significant. Subsequently, spatial cross-correlation between seasonal variations of groundwater level and riverstage data is analyzed. It is found that the correlation contour map reflects the pattern of sediment distribution of the fan. This finding is further substantiated by the cross-correlation analysis using both noisy and noise-free groundwater and riverstage data of a synthetic aquifer, where aquifer heterogeneity is known exactly. The ability of riverstage tomography is then tested with these synthetic data sets to estimate D distribution. Finally, the riverstage tomography is applied to the alluvial fan. The results of the application reveal that the apex and southeast of the alluvial fan are regions with relatively high D and the D values gradually decrease toward the shoreline of the fan. In addition, D at northern alluvial fan is slightly larger than that at southern. These findings are consistent with the geologic evolution of this alluvial fan. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Para algumas categorias de produtos, insumos como embalagem podem ter um peso significativo na composição do custo do produto final. No caso de vários produtos embalados em frascos plásticos este é um cenário comum que tem como conseqüência uma exigência de aumento de desempenho das máquinas sopradoras que produzem tais frascos. Com o objetivo de cumprir tal exigência, este trabalho realiza uma análise do sistema hidráulico de uma sopradora para redução do tempo de posicionamento nos principais movimentos executados por alguns dispositivos vitais, os quais possuem comandos eletrohidráulicos de controle de posição e velocidade constituídos de válvulas hidráulicas de controle de vazão, válvulas direcionais proporcionais e atuadores lineares. A forma desta análise é conduzida inicialmente através da modelagem dos componentes hidráulicos envolvidos nos movimentos destes dispositivos e, posteriormente, de um ensaio através do registro das grandezas físicas de interesse como pressões e velocidades de posicionamento utilizando como bancada de testes uma sopradora existente. O desempenho atual do equipamento em questão, registrado através do ensaio, pode ser então comparado com os resultados obtidos na modelagem para uma análise final com o objetivo de tornar a sopradora mais rápida e produtiva além de validar o modelo estabelecido para a realização de projetos futuros. / Many times, for some products classes, inputs as packaging may have an expressive weight in the final product cost structure. In the case of products packaged into plastic containers, this is an usual scenario that has as result, the increase of performance requirements of the blow mold machines that produce such containers. A point to be studied in the blow mold machines to fulfill such requirement is an analysis of its hydraulic system in a way to reduce the positioning time in the most significant movements performed by its main devices. Such devices have electro-hydraulic position and speed controls composed by flow control and proportional valves and linear actuators. So, it is presented in this work the description of blow mold machine, modeling of hydraulic components involved with the main equipment\'s movements and an experience to record physical values as pressures and positioning speeds using an existent blow mold machine as testing bench. The tested registers can be confronted against the results obtained in the modeling analysis as a target to make the blow mold machine more productive besides of validate the model to the future projects.

In this study, twenty-seven experiments of transport and hydrographic observations were conducted at 9 bridges along the Love River during the period between 2001/12/20 and 2003/9/10. In each experiment repeated measurements were made at each bridge every two hours for a total period of 12 hours. An additional experiment (the 28th experiment) was conducted at 2004/6/16 in the Chihsien Bridge which consists of continuous measurements of velocity, depth and turbidity with a total length of 27 hours. Our results indicate that the Love River is influenced by the incoming tides from the river mouth up to the Dingxin Bridge. The tidal range is approximately 1m during spring tides (10cm during neap tides) at river mouth. The velocity at the Chihsien Bridge has a high frequency variation with a period of approximately 1 hour and amplitude of 20 cm/s during the 28th experiment. Salinity variations are in phase with tides, while turbidity and tides are out of phase. Harmonic analysis of depth, velocity, salinity and turbidity data all indicate that K1 is the principal tidal constituent followed by M2. River transport in the lower estuary is mainly comprised of two parts: tide and river discharge. The tidal induced transport is estimated to be ¡Ó30 CMS and net river discharge is about 1~9 CMS. The upper estuary is affected by two transport mechanisms: agricultural runoff and rain precipitation. After analyzing the measurement results, the transport of the upper branches is estimated to be 0~0.5 CMS during dry seasons and 1~5 CMS during rainy seasons. The agricultural transport reaches its maximum value in January with an estimated rate of 1~2.8 CMS. For the upper branches of Love River, the ratio£\between the hydraulic depth D and hydraulic radius R is found to reach a constant value of 0.9~1.0 when the transport Q is less than 2CMS, and£\is 0.8~0.9 when Q is greater than 2 CMS. The relationship between Q and the section factor TaDb, where T is the channel width, is found to be TD5/3=7.171Q (Dingxin Bridge) and TD5/3=0.744Q (Hougang Bridge) based on Manning formula. Finally, the relationship between Q and D is found to be D=1.811Q0.2981 (Longxin bridge) and D=0.266Q0.256 (Hougang Bridge).

Along with increased oil prices and rising environmental issues, a demand for alternatives to combustion engine driven hydraulic applications has risen. In the field of mobile hydraulics, the hydraulic applications have traditionally been driven by the combustion engine of the vehicle on which they are mounted. By instead using a battery driven power pack the hydraulic application is able to operate without the engine running, saving fuel costs and reducing sound levels. In this thesis, the concept of using an electric-hydraulic power pack with a variable-speed electric motor and a fixed-displacement hydraulic pump to provide power to a truck-mounted loader crane is investigated. This concept is compared to an electric-hydraulic system imitating the conventional combustion engine system by using a fixed-speed electric motor connected to a variable-displacement pump. The use of a variable speed motor where the speed can be controlled electrically by a control unit creates possibilities of using different control strategies to improve the efficiency and responsiveness of the application. The efficiencies of the two electric-hydraulic systems are compared by constructing a physical test rig and performing measurements in a test lab. The tests have shown an increased efficiency of about 20 \% when using the variable speed configuration. Three different control strategies are also investigated and tested on a simulated model. The simulations show that very good responsiveness and robustness can be achieved by using a hydraulic flow feed forward controller with a complementary pressure feedback controller. Furthermore, by controlling the hydraulic flow to the heaviest of the crane loads entirely with the flow from the hydraulic pump, the hydraulic pressure can be reduced and energy efficiency increased.

Thesis (M.S.)--Baylor University, 2009. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 61-67).

Para algumas categorias de produtos, insumos como embalagem podem ter um peso significativo na composição do custo do produto final. No caso de vários produtos embalados em frascos plásticos este é um cenário comum que tem como conseqüência uma exigência de aumento de desempenho das máquinas sopradoras que produzem tais frascos. Com o objetivo de cumprir tal exigência, este trabalho realiza uma análise do sistema hidráulico de uma sopradora para redução do tempo de posicionamento nos principais movimentos executados por alguns dispositivos vitais, os quais possuem comandos eletrohidráulicos de controle de posição e velocidade constituídos de válvulas hidráulicas de controle de vazão, válvulas direcionais proporcionais e atuadores lineares. A forma desta análise é conduzida inicialmente através da modelagem dos componentes hidráulicos envolvidos nos movimentos destes dispositivos e, posteriormente, de um ensaio através do registro das grandezas físicas de interesse como pressões e velocidades de posicionamento utilizando como bancada de testes uma sopradora existente. O desempenho atual do equipamento em questão, registrado através do ensaio, pode ser então comparado com os resultados obtidos na modelagem para uma análise final com o objetivo de tornar a sopradora mais rápida e produtiva além de validar o modelo estabelecido para a realização de projetos futuros. / Many times, for some products classes, inputs as packaging may have an expressive weight in the final product cost structure. In the case of products packaged into plastic containers, this is an usual scenario that has as result, the increase of performance requirements of the blow mold machines that produce such containers. A point to be studied in the blow mold machines to fulfill such requirement is an analysis of its hydraulic system in a way to reduce the positioning time in the most significant movements performed by its main devices. Such devices have electro-hydraulic position and speed controls composed by flow control and proportional valves and linear actuators. So, it is presented in this work the description of blow mold machine, modeling of hydraulic components involved with the main equipment\'s movements and an experience to record physical values as pressures and positioning speeds using an existent blow mold machine as testing bench. The tested registers can be confronted against the results obtained in the modeling analysis as a target to make the blow mold machine more productive besides of validate the model to the future projects.

M.Ing. (Mechanical Engineering) / The development of crashworthy seats for helicopters during the past three decades is discussed. The primary design criteria is mentioned and the disadvantages of crashworthy seats that are currently in use are highlighted. An hydraulic energy absorber which automatically compensates for the mass of the seat occupant was designed and a simulation model was developed. The concept for the control valve used was obtained from WARRICK [25]. Results of the simulations correlated well with those of WARRICK. A prototype of a mechanical/hydraulic accelerometer was designed, manufactured and tested. The results obtained from the experiments compared favourably with simulation values. The simulated and experimental results indicate that the concept of using an hydraulic energy absorber, in a crashworthy seat, is very satisfactory. Future crashworthy seat designs could be enhanced by incorporating this promising device.

The results of hydrodynamic analyses of two problems involving offshore structures are displayed graphically. This form of presentation of the results and the liberal use of colour have been found to significantly help the ease in which the results are interpreted. For the transformation of waves around an artificial island, a time history of the evolution of the regular, unidirectional wave field around an artificial island is obtained. Through the use of colour, regions in which wave breaking occurs have been clearly defined. The numerical technique used is based on the finite element method using eight noded isoparametric elements. The determination of the transformed wave field takes wave breaking, wave refraction, diffraction, reflection and shoaling into account. The graphical display is achieved by using a plotting program developed for the output of finite element analyses. The motions of a semi-submersible rig are computed from the RAO curves of the rig, used to obtain its' small response in a random sea. The numerical technique used in the analysis assumes that the vertical members are slender and may be analysed using the Morison equation whereas the hulls are treated as large members which are discretised and analysed using diffraction theory. The discretisation of the cylinders and hulls together with the time history of the rig's motions are displayed graphically. Once again, the graphical display is plotted using a program developed for the output of finite element analyses for four noded elements. In this case, a finite element technique has not been employed but the results were ordered to act as though this is the case. The slender members (cylinders) and large members (hulls) are clearly distinguishable by using different colours. The elements used in the analysis are also clearly shown. The VAX 11/730 system was used to obtain the results shown. A video tape, using the results of a time stepping procedure, was made by successively recording the hardcopies produced by the VAX printer. The time stepping could also be seen, in real time, on the IRIS. / Applied Science, Faculty of / Civil Engineering, Department of / Graduate

Diploma thesis solves project of the hydraulic blankholder/ejector for the mechanical press. On the basis of defined parameters are carried out the analysis of crank mechanism, necessary calculations, analyse of all suggested alternatives, project of hydraulic system and specification of hydraulic components. Tutorials took place in company ŽĎAS, a.s. and project is performed on the basis of the suggestions, advices and recommendations of Hydraulic systems department of this company.