京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(エネルギー科学) / 甲第20481号 / エネ博第350号 / 新制||エネ||70(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院エネルギー科学研究科エネルギー基礎科学専攻 / (主査)教授 木下 正弘, 教授 森井 孝, 教授 片平 正人 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Energy Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

ACP interacts with diverse proteins in an unknown way. Possibly there is a similar mode of interaction between ACP and all ACP-binding proteins, the amphiphilic helix. The hydrophobicities of helices from 4 different ACPs were compared. Hydrophobic moment plots were prepared for ACP helices and those of many EF hand calcium-binding proteins. Both groups of proteins occupied the same region of the plot.

Superhydrophobic coatings (SHC) with excellent self-cleaning and corrosion resistance property is developed on magnetite coated AISI SAE 1020 steel by using a simple immersion method. Roughness measurement, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), contact angle measurement (CAM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), potentiodynamic polarization test, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and qualitative characterization of self-cleaning behavior, antifouling property and durability of the coatings are assessed. A water contact angle as high as 152o on the coated surface with excellent self-cleaning and resistivity to corrosion and good longevity in atmospheric air is obtained. Self-cleaning test results prove that these surfaces can find applications in large scale production of engineering materials. Potentiodynamic polarization tests and EIS tests confirm that the superhydrophobic low carbon steel surfaces have better resistance to corrosion compared to bare steel and magnetite coated steel in 3.5% NaCl solution. But the longevity of the coated steel surfaces in 3.5% salt solution is limited, which is revealed by the immersion durability test. However, hydrophobic coatings (HC) have better stability in normal tap water, and it can stay unharmed up to 15 days. Finally, hydrophobic coatings on low carbon steel surface retains hydrophobic in open atmosphere for more than two months. Results of this investigation show surface roughness is a critical factor in manufacturing hydrophobic steel surfaces. Higher contact angles are obtained for rougher and more uniform surfaces. A linear mathematical relationship (y =6x+104; R2 = 0.93) is obtained between contact angle (y) and surface roughness (x).

Biological systems are composed of complex materials which are responsible for performing various functions, such as providing structural support, mobility, functional adaptation to the environment, damage repair, and self-healing. These complex materials display excellent mechanical properties and can rapidly adapt to external stimuli. Thus, nature inspires in terms of source materials, functions, and designs to develop new-generation structural and functional materials. Polymers (natural or synthetic) are excellent sources of developing materials to mimic the functions of soft segments in biological systems. This dissertation focuses on synthesizing and characterizing two different materials with tunable structures and properties: complexes from natural polysaccharides or polyelectrolytes and bioinspired hydrogels from synthetic polymers. Oppositely charged polyelectrolytes can form polyelectrolyte complexes (PECs) due to the electrostatic interactions. The structure and properties of PECs can be tuned by varying the salt concentration, as the addition of salt can facilitate associative phase separation. PECs were prepared from two biopolymers, positively charged chitosan and negatively charged alginate. Rheological experiments for the complexes displayed a tunable shear modulus with changing salt concentrations. The microstructural study conducted using small-angle X-ray scattering provided insights regarding the length scales of these complexes, and the results follow the observed rheological and phase behavior. Elastic biopolymers such as resilin display remarkable mechanical properties, including high stretchability and resilience, which many species exploit in nature for mechanical energy storage to facilitate their movement. Such properties of resilin have been attributed to the balanced combination of hydrophilic and hydrophobic segments present in the chain. In this work, we synthesized hydrogels with hydrophilic and hydrophobic components to mimic the properties of resilin. With this system, we determined the tensile, retraction (ability to revert to the original state after stretching), and swelling properties when (i) the concentration of the hydrophobic polymer was varied and (ii) additional hydrophobic components were included. The stretchability, stiffness, and strength of the gels varied as the compositions were altered. The fundamental understanding of the structure-property-function relationship for materials presented in this work provides insights into engineering materials for applications such as tissue engineering, drug delivery, wound healing, artificial muscles, soft robotics, and power amplification.

Bacteria are known to adhere to surfaces, which allows for the formation of biofilms, possibly causing a surge in hospital-offset infections, perilous diseases, and in some cases, death. Although certain bacteria are present in the natural flora of the human skin, some present extreme clinical significance due to the ability to transmit and adhere, and can be resistant to antibiotics. They also evolve over time to survive in harsh environmental conditions. Current research reveals that design of plastic surfaces containing submicron structures, is becoming a popular approach to tackle issues concerning infection transmission, with inspiration being derived from biomimetics and self-cleaning surfaces, such as the surface of a gecko skin, and the hydrophobic wax layer of forest leaves. Main barriers to adoption include that these surfaces alone are difficult to manufacture on 3D products, expensive to fabricate on a large scale and do not last long when subjected to environmental wear. Replication of nano-scale ridges was carried out using micro-injection, and the various samples were characterised using a range of tools to determine physical and biomechanical parameters. The sample surfaces were then cultured with the pathogenic bacterium Staphylococcus aureus under several environmental conditions, and the results were statistically analysed to reveal that anti-fouling LIPSS (laser induced periodic surface structures) ridges perform better to reduce bacteria cell-substrate adhesion, when compared to flat surfaces, or surfaces containing dual structures (anti-fouling ridges combined with anti-wear walls). It was therefore demonstrated that nanotextured polymeric surfaces with hydrophobic characteristics have exceptional non-fouling properties, preventing S. aureus, a very significant bacterial strain, from initial adhesion, a critical primary mechanism in its ability to proliferate. Collectively, the findings of this study strongly support the literature, suggesting that the bacteria struggle to adhere onto polymeric topography with increased water contact angles and simple nanostructures. However, the addition of certain anti-wear micro-features increased bacterial adhesion, reducing the efficacy of the non-fouling nanostructures from preventing biofilm formation.

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