Mode of access: World Wide Web. / Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 116-154). / Electronic reproduction. / Also available by subscription via World Wide Web / xvii, 157 leaves, bound ill. 29 cm

Bibliography: leaves 205-258. / vii, 258 leaves : ill. ; 30 cm. / Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library. / The studies described in this thesis examine the mechanical function of the barostat. The barostat is then used to assess proximal gastric function in patients with gastro-oesophageal reflux disease, and the effects of hyperglycaemia on proximal gastric sensory and motor function in normal individuals. To detect the low pressures that may be important in determining gastric outflow, a high accuracy manometric recording system is developed ; patterns of intragastric pressure are then examined during gastric emptying of saline. Finally, a new barostat is designed and tested. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Medicine, 1997

Thesis (M. Phil.)--University of Hong Kong, 2009. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 89-111) Also available in print.

Thesis (M.A.)--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2005. / On t.p. "alpha" appears as the Greek letter. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 69-71).

Thesis (M.A.)--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2005. / On t.p. "alpha" appears as the Greek letter. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 69-71). Also available online (PDF file) by a subscription to the set or by purchasing the individual file.

abstract: Birds have plasma glucose levels that are 1.5-2 times greater than mammals of similar body mass in addition to higher free fatty acid concentrations, both of which would typically impair endothelium-dependent vasodilation if observed in mammals. Endothelium-dependent vasodilation can be stimulated in mammals through the use of acetylcholine (ACh), which primarily acts through nitric oxide (NO) and cyclooxygenase (COX)-mediated pathways, with varying reliance on endothelial-derived hyperpolarizing factors (EDHFs). Very few studies have been conducted on small resistance systemic arteries from birds. The hypothesis was that because birds have naturally high glucose and free fatty acid concentrations, ACh-induced vasodilation of isolated arteries from mourning doves (Zenaida macroura) would be independent of endothelial-derived factors and resistant to high glucose-mediated vascular dysfunction. Small resistance mesenteric and cranial tibial (c. tibial) arteries were pre-constricted to 50% of resting inner diameter with phenyleprine then exposed to increasing doses of ACh (10-9 to 10-5 μM) or the NO donor, sodium nitroprusside (SNP; 10-12 to 10-3 μM). For both vessel beds, ACh-induced vasodilation occurred mainly through the activation of potassium channels, whereas vasodilation of mesenteric arteries additionally occurred through COX. Although arteries from both vessel beds fully dilated with exposure to sodium nitroprusside, ACh-mediated vasodilation was independent of NO. To examine the effect of high glucose on endothelium-dependent vasodilation, ACh dose response curves were conducted following exposure of isolated c. tibial arteries to either a control solution (20mM glucose) or high glucose (30mM). ACh-induced vasodilation was significantly impaired (p = 0.013) when exposed to high glucose, but normalized in subsequent vessels with pre-exposure to the superoxide dismutase mimetic tiron (10 mM). Superoxide concentrations were likewise significantly increased (p = 0.0072) following exposure to high glucose. These findings indicate that dove arteries do not appear to have endogenous mechanisms to counteract the deleterious effects of oxidative stress. Additional studies are required to assess whether endogenous mechanisms exist to protect avian vascular reactivity from systemic hyperglycemia. / Dissertation/Thesis / M.S. Nutrition 2012

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:35:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-03-31Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:26:36Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 kiss_aci_dr_botfm.pdf: 534968 bytes, checksum: 5321d718c3b52fcb79390025f85f46b5 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of maternal mild hyperglycemia on maternal behavior, as well as on offspring development, behavior, reproductive function, and development of glucose intolerance in adulthood. At birth, litters were assigned either to Control (subcutaneous(sc)- citrate buffer) or STZ group (streptozotocin(STZ)-100mg/kg-sc.). On PND 90 rats were mated. Glucose tolerance test (GTT) and insulin tolerance test (ITT) were performed during pregnancy. Pregnancy duration, litter size and sex ratio were assessed. Newborns were classified according to birth weight as small (SPA), adequate (APA), or large for pregnancy age (LPA). Maternal behavior was analyzed on PND 5 and 10. Offspring physical and sexual development was evaluated. Offspring body weight, length, and anogenital distance was measured and general activity was assessed on open field. Sexual behavior studies were conducted on both male and female offspring. Levels of reproductive hormones and estrous cycle duration were evaluated in female offspring. Female offspring were mated and GTT and ITT performed during pregnancy. STZ neonatal administration caused mild hyperglcyemia during pregnancy and changed some aspects of maternal care. The hyperglycemic intrauterine millieu impaired physical development and increased imobility on the open field in the offspring although the latter effect appeared at different ages for males (adulthood) and females (infancy). However, offspring sexual behavior was not impaired and, during pregnancy, STZ female offspring did not become glucose intolerant. Therefore, it can be concluded that mild hyperglycemia during pregnancy caused changes in maternal behavior, as well as offspring development and general activity, but failed to induce glucose... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

abstract: Background: Postprandial hyperglycemia can increase levels of oxidative stress and is an independent risk factor for complications associated with type 2 diabetes. Purpose: To evaluate the acute effects of a 15-min postmeal walk on glucose control and markers of oxidative stress following a high-carbohydrate meal. Methods: Ten obese subjects (55.0 ± 10.0 yrs) with impaired fasting glucose (107.1 ± 9.0 mg/dL) participated in this repeated measures trial. Subjects arrived at the laboratory following an overnight fast and underwent one of three conditions: 1) Test meal with no walking or fiber (CON), 2) Test meal with 10g fiber and no walking (FIB), 3) Test meal with no fiber followed by a 15-min treadmill walk at preferred walking speed (WALK). Blood samples were taken over four hours and assayed for glucose, insulin, thiobarbituric reactive substances (TBARS), catalase, uric acid, and total antioxidant capacity (TAC). A repeated measures ANOVA was used to compare mean differences for all outcome variables. Results: The 2hr and 4hr incremental area under the curve (iAUC) for glucose was lower in both FIB (2hr: -93.59 mmol&#8729;120 min&#8729;L-1, p = 0.006; 4hr: -92.59 mmol&#8729;240 min&#8729;L-1; p = 0.041) and WALK (2hr: -77.21 mmol&#8729;120 min&#8729;L-1, p = 0.002; 4hr: -102.94 mmol&#8729;240 min&#8729;L-1; p = 0.005) conditions respectively, compared with CON. There were no differences in 2hr or 4hr iAUC for glucose between FIB and WALK (2hr: p = 0.493; 4hr: p = 0.783). The 2hr iAUC for insulin was significantly lower in both FIB (-37.15 &#956;U &#8729;h/mL; p = 0.021) and WALK (-66.35 &#956;U &#8729;h/mL; p < 0.001) conditions, compared with CON, and was significantly lower in the WALK (-29.2 &#956;U &#8729;h/mL; p = 0.049) condition, compared with FIB. The 4hr iAUC for insulin in the WALK condition was significantly lower than both CON (-104.51 &#956;U &#8729;h/mL; p = 0.001) and FIB (-77.12 &#956;U &#8729;h/mL; p = 0.006) conditions. Markers of oxidative stress were not significantly different between conditions. Conclusion: A moderate 15-minute postmeal walk is an effective strategy to reduce postprandial hyperglycemia. However, it is unclear if this attenuation could lead to improvements in postprandial oxidative stress. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Physical Activity, Nutrition and Wellness 2015

Thesis (MTech (Biomedical Sciences))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2017. / Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic inflammatory condition characterised by hyperglycaemia; continuous activation of T-lymphocytes and immune dysregulation. Although the exact mechanisms of these phenomena are not fully understood, there is strong evidence suggesting the involvement of T-cells in the chronic inflammatory environment which could predispose diabetics to infections and thrombotic events. The effect of hyperglycaemia on cells of the innate immune system in T2DM has been well described and implicated in the progression of the disorder and the development of its complications. However, studies investigating the adaptive immune response still remain scarce and controversial. Thus, investigating T-cells in hyperglycaemic conditions could provide further insight into the immune dysfunction observed in T2DM and assist in identifying pathways which could be targeted in the disease management and treatment. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate chronic immune activation by measuring the expression of T-cell activation markers in hyperglycaemia and compare the results to those in the normoglycaemic group.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:29:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-02-18Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:39:40Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 dallaqua_b_me_botfm.pdf: 325279 bytes, checksum: eb0d311f7c51273f4d17cae5ac02ffc7 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Diabetes mellitus (DM) é uma síndrome de etiologia múltipla caracterizada por hiperglicemia crônica. Esta hiperglicemia induz o aumento na produção de espécies reativas de oxigênio (ERO) e diminuição das defesas antioxidantes. Devido às complicações causadas pelo diabete, muitos indivíduos optam por terapias alternativas à base de plantas medicinais para amenizar seus efeitos. Sendo assim, nesta revisão de literatura, foram analisados e descritos diversos trabalhos experimentais com a utilização de animais diabéticos para comprovar os efeitos antioxidantes de algumas dessas plantas e verificar se os títulos e resumos disponibilizados nos artigos são compatíveis aos objetivos de nossa busca / Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a syndrome of multiple etiologies characterized by chronic hyperglycemia. This hyperglycemia induces increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and decreased antioxidant defenses. Due to complications caused by diabetes, many people choose for alternative therapies and herbal medicine to alleviate its effects. Thus, in this literature review, several experimental studies with the use of diabetic animals were analyzed to demonstrate the antioxidant effects of some plants and to verify if the titles and abstracts provided in the articles are compatible to the aims of our search