Pre-hypertension (pre-HT) (Blood Pressure (BP) ≥120/80mmHg to ≤ 140/90mmHg) increases the risk of developing hypertension (HT). BP reductions following acute exercise are known as post exercise hypotension (PEH). BP and perhaps PEH shows a daily circadian rhythm. Purpose: To compare the magnitude of PEH after morning and evening aerobic exercise in adults with pre-HT. Hypothesis: The magnitude of PEH will be larger after evening versus morning exercise. Participants: Pre-HT men and women 50-65 years old. Study Design: Participants engaged in cycling exercise (60% VO2max) on two occasions: 1.5 and 11 hours following waking. Cardiovascular function was assessed for 30 minutes pre and one hour post exercise. Results: 1) Systolic PEH responses affected by TOD differed by gender. 2) Baseline Heart Rate Variability and its response to exercise differed gender but not TOD. The inconsistent significant gender and TOD differences of PEH and its mechanisms suggest that this group.

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is ranked as one of top leading causes of death in most industrialized countries. Recent research suggests that fruit vinegar beverages (FVB) possess beneficial effects such as antihypertensive properties, reduction of serum cholesterol and triacylglycerols (TAG). FVB made using apple, blueberry, cranberry and tomato were evaluated for their sensory, antioxidant, antihypertensive and lipid lowering properties. All four treatments demonstrated very high in vitro antioxidant and antihypertensive properties. These FVB were further evaluated for their hypolipidemic and antihypertensive properties using a spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) model with diet-induced hyperlipidemia. All four FVB significantly reduced serum TAG, elevated the high density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol compared to the control. Further, all four FVB demonstrated a reduction in the diastolic blood pressure after four weeks of supplementation. Overall, the FVB exhibited lipid lowering effects and antihypertensive properties in vivo. Confirmation of the beneficial effects of FVB using a clinical trial is needed.

ABSTRACT The aim of this work was to produce enzymatic hemp seed protein hydrolysates (HPH) followed by bioassay guided fractionation to identify antioxidant and antihypertensive peptides. Therefore, simulated gastrointestinal digestion of isolated hemp seed proteins was conducted using consecutive actions of pepsin and pancreatin to produce HPH, which was then separated by membrane ultrafiltration to obtain peptide sizes of <1, 1-3, 3-5, and 5-10 kDa. Evaluation of HPH and its membrane fractions for antioxidant and antihypertensive properties showed that they significantly (P<0.05) scavenged radicals, reduced and strongly chelated metal ions as well as inhibited lipid oxidation. During a 24-hr test, the HPH reduced systolic blood pressure (SBP) of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) after oral administration by a maximum of -30 mmHg when compared to -15 mmHg for the membrane fractions. To reduce production cost, hemp seed protein meal (HPM) was directly hydrolyzed to a protein hydrolysate (HMH) and was shown to also reduce SBP during 4-8 weeks of dietary feeding. The attenuation of SBP correlated to suppressed plasma levels (0.047-0.059 U/mL and 0.040-0.054 µg/mL) of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) and renin, respectively, when compared to the control rats (0.123 U/mL and 0.151 µg/mL). A total of 23 peptides were identified to be present in the HPH. WVYY and PSLPA showed superior in vitro antioxidant properties, while ACE activity was inhibited by WYT (89%), WVYY (91%) and PSLPA (90%). Renin activity was inhibited by WYT (77%), SVYT (87%) and IPAGV (75%). However, oral administration to SHR showed that the pentapeptides (PSLPA and IPAGV) were more effective SBP-reducing agents (-40 mm Hg) when compared to the tri- (-13 mmHg) and tetrapeptides (-36 mmHg). These results show for the first time in literature, the bioactive properties of hemp seed peptides and indicate their potential use as ingredients to formulate antioxidant and antihypertensive functional foods and nutraceuticals.

ABSTRACT The aim of this work was to produce enzymatic hemp seed protein hydrolysates (HPH) followed by bioassay guided fractionation to identify antioxidant and antihypertensive peptides. Therefore, simulated gastrointestinal digestion of isolated hemp seed proteins was conducted using consecutive actions of pepsin and pancreatin to produce HPH, which was then separated by membrane ultrafiltration to obtain peptide sizes of <1, 1-3, 3-5, and 5-10 kDa. Evaluation of HPH and its membrane fractions for antioxidant and antihypertensive properties showed that they significantly (P<0.05) scavenged radicals, reduced and strongly chelated metal ions as well as inhibited lipid oxidation. During a 24-hr test, the HPH reduced systolic blood pressure (SBP) of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) after oral administration by a maximum of -30 mmHg when compared to -15 mmHg for the membrane fractions. To reduce production cost, hemp seed protein meal (HPM) was directly hydrolyzed to a protein hydrolysate (HMH) and was shown to also reduce SBP during 4-8 weeks of dietary feeding. The attenuation of SBP correlated to suppressed plasma levels (0.047-0.059 U/mL and 0.040-0.054 µg/mL) of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) and renin, respectively, when compared to the control rats (0.123 U/mL and 0.151 µg/mL). A total of 23 peptides were identified to be present in the HPH. WVYY and PSLPA showed superior in vitro antioxidant properties, while ACE activity was inhibited by WYT (89%), WVYY (91%) and PSLPA (90%). Renin activity was inhibited by WYT (77%), SVYT (87%) and IPAGV (75%). However, oral administration to SHR showed that the pentapeptides (PSLPA and IPAGV) were more effective SBP-reducing agents (-40 mm Hg) when compared to the tri- (-13 mmHg) and tetrapeptides (-36 mmHg). These results show for the first time in literature, the bioactive properties of hemp seed peptides and indicate their potential use as ingredients to formulate antioxidant and antihypertensive functional foods and nutraceuticals.

<p>Lack of knowledge about stroke in general and specific knowledge of the risk factors, signs, and symptoms of stroke results in the late presentation of patients at hospital. The aim of this study was to determine the knowledge of stroke among hypertensive patients in the Tanga region of Tanzania. To investigate this, a cross-sectional survey using a quantitative research design was used.</p>

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Memorial University of Newfoundland, 2003. / Bibliography: leaves 137-149.

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abstract: Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) affect up to 5%-15% of pregnancies around the globe, and form a leading cause of maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. HDP are progressive disorders for which the only cure is to deliver the baby. An increasing trend in the prevalence of HDP has been observed in the recent years. This trend is anticipated to continue due to the rise in the prevalence of diseases that strongly influence hypertension such as obesity and metabolic syndrome. In order to lessen the adverse outcomes due to HDP, we need to study (1) the natural progression of HDP, (2) the risks of adverse outcomes associated with these disorders, and (3) the optimal timing of delivery for women with HDP. In the first study, the natural progression of HDP in the third trimester of pregnancy is modeled with a discrete-time Markov chain (DTMC). The transition probabilities of the DTMC are estimated using clinical data with an order restricted inference model that maximizes the likelihood function subject to a set of order restrictions between the transition probabilities. The results provide useful insights on the progression of HDP, and the estimated transition probabilities are used to parametrize the decision models in the third study. In the second study, the risks of maternal and neonatal adverse outcomes for women with HDP are quantified with a composite measure of childbirth morbidity, and the estimated risks are compared with respect to type of HDP at delivery, gestational age at delivery, and type of delivery in a retrospective cohort study. Furthermore, the safety of child delivery with respect to the same variables is assessed with a provider survey and technique for order performance by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS). The methods and results of this study are used to parametrize the decision models in the third study. In the third study, the decision problem of timing of delivery for women with HDP is formulated as a discrete-time Markov decision process (MDP) model that minimizes the risks of maternal and neonatal adverse outcomes. We additionally formulate a robust MDP model that gives the worst-case optimal policy when transition probabilities are allowed to vary within their confidence intervals. The results of the decision models are assessed within a probabilistic sensitivity analysis (PSA) that considers the uncertainty in the estimated risk values. In our PSA, the performance of candidate delivery policies is evaluated using a large number of problem instances that are constructed according to the orders between model parameters to incorporate physicians' intuition. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Industrial Engineering 2018

Orientador: Katashi Okoshi / Banca: Beatriz Bojikian Matsubara / Banca: Marcia Kiyomi Koike / Resumo: A hipertensão arterial sistêmica é uma das principais causas de insuficiência cardíada (IC). No processo do desenvolvimento da hipertrofia miocárdica e a evolução pra IC, decorrente da sobrecarga pressórica, a ativação dos sistemas nervoso simpático e renina-angiotensina-aldosterona exerce papel fundamental, e a aldosterona tem sido responsabilizada por muitos desses efeitos. Diversos estudos clínicos e experimentais mostraram que o bloqueio da aldosterona atenua a remodelação ventricular na IC avançada. Considerando os efeitos adversos da aldosterona, o bloqueio de seus receptores, na fase mais precoce ao desenvolvimento da IC, poderá ser também benéfico atenuando a progressão da remodelação cardíaca. Para investigar essa questão, foram utilizados ratos espontaneamente hipertensos, com 16 meses de idade, divididos em dois grupos experimentais: controle (CTL) e tratado com espironolactona 20 mg/kg/dia (ESP) por seis meses. A pressão arterial sistólica (PAS) foi medida no início e no final do experimento. A avaliação estrutural e funcional cardíaca in vivo foi realizada por ecocardiograma. O estudo funcional in vitro foi realizado pela técnica do músculo papilar do ventrículo esquerdo (VE). A reserva contrátil foi avaliada após o aumento da concentração de cálcio extracelular, contração pós-pausa e estimulação por β-agonista isoproterenol. Para análise estrutural in vitro foram medidos os pesos do VE, ventrículo direito, átrios, pulmão e amostra de fígado, e calculada a razão peso úmido/peso seco desses órgãos. Amostras do VE foram obtidas para análise histológica, com a finalidade de medira área seccional dos cardiomiócitos (hematoxilina e eosina) e a área ocupada pelo colágeno (picrosirius red), para quantificação de hidroxiprolina e realização da técnica do RT-PCR em tempo real... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Arterial hypertension is one of the main causes of heart failure (HF). In the process of myocardial hypertrophy and HF development due to pressure overload, activation of sympathetic nervous system and renin-angiotensin system plays a fundamental role. Several clinical and experimental studies have been shown that aldosterone blockade attenuates ventricular remodeling in advanced HF. Considering the aldosterone deleterious effects, we hypothesized that the blockade of its receptors in the early phase of HF development can attenuate the progression of cardiac remodeling. To investigate this issue, 16 month-old spontaneously hypertensive rats were used. Rats were separated into two groups: control (CTL) and spironolactone treated (SPR, 20 mg/kg/day) for six months. Systolic arterial pressure (SAP) was measured at the beginning and the end of the experiment. In vivo cardiac structural and functional evaluation was performed by echocardiogram. In vitro myocardial function was analyzed in left ventricular (LV) papillary muscles under isometric contractions. Contractiel reserve was evaluated after extracellular calcium concentration increase, post-pause contractions, and β-agonist isoproterenol stimulation. In vitro structural analysis was done bay measuring LV, right ventricle, and atria weight, and the wet-to-dry weight ratio of these organs and also lung and liver samples. LV samples were stored for histological analysis (cardiomyocyte cross-sectional area and myocardial collagen fraction), measurement of hydroxyproline concentration, and quantification of gene expression of proteins related to cardiac remodeling by real-time RT-PCR. According to sample distribution, normal or non-normal, Student's t test or Mann-Whitney test was used to compare the groups. Mortality rate was analyzed by log-rank test (Kaplan Meier curve). Statistical analysis... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Magister Scientiae (Physiotherapy) - MSc(Physio) / Lack of knowledge about stroke in general and specific knowledge of the risk factors, signs, and symptoms of stroke results in the late presentation of patients at hospital. The aim of this study was to determine the knowledge of stroke among hypertensive patients in the Tanga region of Tanzania. To investigate this, a cross-sectional survey using a quantitative research design was used. / South Africa