Made available in DSpace on 2016-01-26T18:56:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao.pdf: 308272 bytes, checksum: 7df0ae05e2e184b04647e81dec8c55af (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-08-10 / Expressive part of the peanut (Arachis hypogaea) in São Paulo State has cultivated for rotation in condemned areas of sugar cane that need to be reformed, and those areas frequently have presented low micronutrients levels and low basis saturation in soil. The objective of this work was to quantify the production and the yield components of the peanut crop fertilized with lime and gypsum applied in sowing combined with boron manure by leaf spray. The experiment was carried out from December 2007 to April 2008, on a dystroferric Hapludox, medium texture, in Guararapes, SP, Brazil. A randomized complete blocks design, with four replicates, and split plots, was used. The plots were composed by absence of Ca font (control), dolomite limestone with 0,5, 1 and 2 Mg ha-1 and gypsum with 0,5, 1 and 2 Mg ha-1, applied on sowing time of the peanut crop. The subplots were composed by levels boron with 0, 0,5, 1 and 2 kg ha-1 applied by leaf spray in initial flowering stage of the plants. The peanut crop presented expressive response to boron manuring, and the largest grains and pods productivities were obtain with 1 kg ha-1 of B. Fertilizations only Ca fonts applied in peanut sowing didn´t increase productivity and yield components. Combinations between Ca fonts applied in crop sowing and boron manuring by leaf spray favored the net yield of grains after peel off. / Grande parte do amendoim do Estado de São Paulo é cultivada em áreas de reforma de canavial, nas quais é comum o solo apresentar baixos teores de micronutrientes e de saturação por bases. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a produtividade e rendimento do amendoim fertilizado com calcário e gesso na instalação da lavoura, combinados com adubação boratada foliar, em área de renovação de canavial. O experimento foi conduzido de dezembro de 2007 a abril de 2008 em um Latossolo vermelho distroférrico de textura média, em Guararapes-SP. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos completos e parcelas sub-divididas, em que nas parcelas foram a ausência de fonte de Ca na instalação da lavoura, 0,5, 1,0 e 2,0 t ha-1 de calcário dolomítico, e 0,5, 1,0 e 2,0 t ha-1 de gesso agrícola, e nas sub-parcelas 0, 0,5, 1 e 2 kg ha-1 de B foliar. O amendoim foi responsivo à adubação boratada, sendo as maiores produtividades de vagens e de grãos, assim como o máximo rendimento de grãos, alcançados com 1 kg ha-1 de B. A fertilização somente com fonte de Ca na semeadura do amendoim não incrementou a produção e rendimento de grãos. A combinação entre fontes de Ca na instalação da cultura e B foliar favorece o rendimento de grãos do amendoim após o descascamento.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-18T17:51:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao.pdf: 308272 bytes, checksum: 7df0ae05e2e184b04647e81dec8c55af (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-08-10 / Expressive part of the peanut (Arachis hypogaea) in São Paulo State has cultivated for rotation in condemned areas of sugar cane that need to be reformed, and those areas frequently have presented low micronutrients levels and low basis saturation in soil. The objective of this work was to quantify the production and the yield components of the peanut crop fertilized with lime and gypsum applied in sowing combined with boron manure by leaf spray. The experiment was carried out from December 2007 to April 2008, on a dystroferric Hapludox, medium texture, in Guararapes, SP, Brazil. A randomized complete blocks design, with four replicates, and split plots, was used. The plots were composed by absence of Ca font (control), dolomite limestone with 0,5, 1 and 2 Mg ha-1 and gypsum with 0,5, 1 and 2 Mg ha-1, applied on sowing time of the peanut crop. The subplots were composed by levels boron with 0, 0,5, 1 and 2 kg ha-1 applied by leaf spray in initial flowering stage of the plants. The peanut crop presented expressive response to boron manuring, and the largest grains and pods productivities were obtain with 1 kg ha-1 of B. Fertilizations only Ca fonts applied in peanut sowing didn´t increase productivity and yield components. Combinations between Ca fonts applied in crop sowing and boron manuring by leaf spray favored the net yield of grains after peel off. / Grande parte do amendoim do Estado de São Paulo é cultivada em áreas de reforma de canavial, nas quais é comum o solo apresentar baixos teores de micronutrientes e de saturação por bases. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a produtividade e rendimento do amendoim fertilizado com calcário e gesso na instalação da lavoura, combinados com adubação boratada foliar, em área de renovação de canavial. O experimento foi conduzido de dezembro de 2007 a abril de 2008 em um Latossolo vermelho distroférrico de textura média, em Guararapes-SP. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos completos e parcelas sub-divididas, em que nas parcelas foram a ausência de fonte de Ca na instalação da lavoura, 0,5, 1,0 e 2,0 t ha-1 de calcário dolomítico, e 0,5, 1,0 e 2,0 t ha-1 de gesso agrícola, e nas sub-parcelas 0, 0,5, 1 e 2 kg ha-1 de B foliar. O amendoim foi responsivo à adubação boratada, sendo as maiores produtividades de vagens e de grãos, assim como o máximo rendimento de grãos, alcançados com 1 kg ha-1 de B. A fertilização somente com fonte de Ca na semeadura do amendoim não incrementou a produção e rendimento de grãos. A combinação entre fontes de Ca na instalação da cultura e B foliar favorece o rendimento de grãos do amendoim após o descascamento.

Orientador: Arlindo Leal Boiça Júnior / Resumo: O amendoim (Arachis hypogaea L.) é uma importante oleaginosa cultivada em mais de 30 países. No Brasil, a produção de amendoim vem crescendo anualmente, devido a sua rentabilidade e como estratégia de adubação na renovação de canaviais. Entretanto, uma das limitações para o aumento da produtividade está relacionada com a ocorrência de pragas, com destaque aos tripes e lagartas. Dentre as espécies de lagartas de ocorrência na cultura se destaca a lagarta-do-pescoço-vermelho (Stegasta bosqueella). Os tripes além de causarem problemas diretos afetando o desenvolvimento da planta, também são responsáveis pela transmissão de viroses. Assim, associando-se o fato da importância destas pragas na cultura do amendoim, se faz necessário o conhecimento da dinâmica populacional nas regiões produtoras como uma ferramenta no manejo integrado de pragas, e explorar as táticas de controle destes insetos. Desse modo, os objetivos deste trabalho foram estudar a distribuição populacional de S. bosqueella e dos tripes Enneothrips flavens e Frankliniella schultzei e identificar potenciais cultivares resistentes de amendoim comercial. O trabalho de distribuição populacional das pragas, foi realizado em dois anos agrícolas, safra 2015/2016 e 2016/2017, em dois municípios produtores do Estado de São Paulo (Jaboticabal e Santa Adélia). As amostragens das pragas foram realizadas semanalmente com início aos 15 dias após a emergência (DAE) em folíolos e a partir de 36 DAE em flores e seguiram em ambos até... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is an important oilseed crop grown in more than 30 countries. In Brazil, peanut production has been increasing annually, due to its profitability and as a fertilization strategy in the renovation of sugarcane plantations. However, one of the limitations to increase productivity is related to the occurrence of pests, especially the thrips and worms. Among the species of worms of occurrence in the culture stands the red-necked caterpillar (Stegasta bosqueella). Thrips, besides causing direct problems affecting the development of the plant, are also responsible for the transmission of viruses. Thus, the importance of these pests in the peanut crop is associated with the knowledge of the population distribution in the producing regions as a tool in integrated pest management, and to explore the control tactics of these insects. Thus, the objectives of this work were to study the population distribution of S. bosqueella and thrips Enneothrips flavens and Frankliniella schultzei and to identify potential resistant peanut cultivars. The work of population distribution of pests was carried out in two agricultural years, crop 2015/2016 and 2016/2017, in two producing cities of the state of São Paulo (Jaboticabal and Santa Adélia). Pest sampling was performed weekly starting at 15 days after emergence (DAE) in leaflets and from 36 DAE in flowers and followed in both until DAE 90. Cumulative precipitation and mean weekly temperature data were collected a... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor

Thesis (Ph.D. (Zoology))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2009.

Cu-treated peanut seedlings not only showed a significant inhibition in peanut root growth, but also a decrease in endogenous indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) contents . The decline of IAA content in Cu-treated tissues is accompanied by an increase in cationic peroxidase activity. In addition, the increase in cationic peroxidase (pI 8.5) activity is correlated with an increase in cationic peroxidase transcripts. Cu might suppress the growth of peanut roots by inducing the synthesis of the cationic peroxidase isozyme that degrades endogenous IAA, causing the retardation of peanut root growth. The increase in activity of anionic peroxidases (pI 3.5) is also correlated with the rise in lignin content in Cu-treated roots. We suggest that the increase in anionic peroxidases (pI 3.5) induced by Cu might be responsible for lignin synthesis in peanut roots, and remove excess hydrogen peroxide, thus serving a detoxifying role during Cu treatment.

HOST PLANT RESISTANCE AS A MANAGEMENT TOOL FOR DITYLENHUS AFRICANUS (MEMATODA: TYLENCHIDAE) ON GROUNDNUT {ARACHIS HYPOGAEA) Groundnut is an important cash crop both for commercial and smallscale farmers in South Africa. The effect of Ditylenchus africanus on groundnut is mainly qualitative, leading to downgrading of groundnut consignments. This nematode is difficult to control because of its high reproduction and damage potential. The objective of the study was to investigate the potential of host-plant resistance as an effective and economically-feasible alternative management tool for the control of D. africanus on groundnut. Selected groundnut genotypes were evaluated against D. africanus in microplot and field trials. PC254K1 and CG7 were identified as resistant to D. africanus. The resistance expressed by these two genotypes is sustainable under field conditions. The resistance expressed by PC254K1 is effective even at high population densities. This genotype consistently produced yields with a low UBS % at all nematode population levels. PC254K1 could therefore be used as a major source of resistance to D. africanus in the development of commercial cultivars. Although the breeding line PC287K5 also maintained low nematode numbers in some trials, its level of resistance does not seem to be as strong or as sustainable as that of PC254K1 or CG7. However, PC287K5 could still play an important role in the groundnut industry where lower D. africanus populations occur. The resistance expressed by PC254K1 is not transferred to leaf callus tissue of this genotype, confirming there is no short-cut for screening for resistance to D. africanus. The reproduction and damage potential of D. africanus populations from different geographically-isolated localities in the groundnut-production areas of South Africa was tested under controlled and semi-controlled conditions and were found to be similar to each other. Resistance of PC254K1 to all of the tested populations was confirmed. These results indicate that the presence of this resistant trait in a cultivar developed from PC254K1 should be sustainable over the whole groundnut-production area of South Africa. The absence of D. africanus from pod tissue of PC254K1 confirmed the genotype's resistance. The mechanism of resistance involved may be the inhibition of proper development of this nematode, preventing it to build up to damaging population levels. However, PC254K1 is not immune to this nematode since it does occur in small numbers on this genotype. The resistance trait in PC254K1 is seemingly governed by a number of genes, implying that it will be more durable under sustained pressure by D. africanus populations. Although markers associated with the resistance trait were mapped, they were not closely linked. Three putative qualitative trait loci (QTL's) were identified but markers associated with the resistance trait need to be refined and developed to be breeder-friendly in terms of marker-assisted selection. There are strong indications that CG7, which is a parent of PC254K1, may have more superior levels of resistance to D. africanus than PC254K1. The identification of markers closely associated with the resistance trait might, therefore, be more successful using CG7 in stead of PC254K1 / Thesis (Ph.D. (Zoology))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2009.

HOST PLANT RESISTANCE AS A MANAGEMENT TOOL FOR DITYLENHUS AFRICANUS (MEMATODA: TYLENCHIDAE) ON GROUNDNUT {ARACHIS HYPOGAEA) Groundnut is an important cash crop both for commercial and smallscale farmers in South Africa. The effect of Ditylenchus africanus on groundnut is mainly qualitative, leading to downgrading of groundnut consignments. This nematode is difficult to control because of its high reproduction and damage potential. The objective of the study was to investigate the potential of host-plant resistance as an effective and economically-feasible alternative management tool for the control of D. africanus on groundnut. Selected groundnut genotypes were evaluated against D. africanus in microplot and field trials. PC254K1 and CG7 were identified as resistant to D. africanus. The resistance expressed by these two genotypes is sustainable under field conditions. The resistance expressed by PC254K1 is effective even at high population densities. This genotype consistently produced yields with a low UBS % at all nematode population levels. PC254K1 could therefore be used as a major source of resistance to D. africanus in the development of commercial cultivars. Although the breeding line PC287K5 also maintained low nematode numbers in some trials, its level of resistance does not seem to be as strong or as sustainable as that of PC254K1 or CG7. However, PC287K5 could still play an important role in the groundnut industry where lower D. africanus populations occur. The resistance expressed by PC254K1 is not transferred to leaf callus tissue of this genotype, confirming there is no short-cut for screening for resistance to D. africanus. The reproduction and damage potential of D. africanus populations from different geographically-isolated localities in the groundnut-production areas of South Africa was tested under controlled and semi-controlled conditions and were found to be similar to each other. Resistance of PC254K1 to all of the tested populations was confirmed. These results indicate that the presence of this resistant trait in a cultivar developed from PC254K1 should be sustainable over the whole groundnut-production area of South Africa. The absence of D. africanus from pod tissue of PC254K1 confirmed the genotype's resistance. The mechanism of resistance involved may be the inhibition of proper development of this nematode, preventing it to build up to damaging population levels. However, PC254K1 is not immune to this nematode since it does occur in small numbers on this genotype. The resistance trait in PC254K1 is seemingly governed by a number of genes, implying that it will be more durable under sustained pressure by D. africanus populations. Although markers associated with the resistance trait were mapped, they were not closely linked. Three putative qualitative trait loci (QTL's) were identified but markers associated with the resistance trait need to be refined and developed to be breeder-friendly in terms of marker-assisted selection. There are strong indications that CG7, which is a parent of PC254K1, may have more superior levels of resistance to D. africanus than PC254K1. The identification of markers closely associated with the resistance trait might, therefore, be more successful using CG7 in stead of PC254K1 / Thesis (Ph.D. (Zoology))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2009.

Submitted by Fabiano Aparecido dos Santos (fabiano.unesp_@hotmail.com) on 2018-08-08T18:02:14Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Fabiano Aparecido dos Santos.pdf: 1292340 bytes, checksum: f9f27e1722b5d5b1138ea367e8f5fa36 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Neli Silvia Pereira null (nelisps@fcav.unesp.br) on 2018-08-08T19:26:06Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 santos_fa_me_jabo.pdf: 1292340 bytes, checksum: f9f27e1722b5d5b1138ea367e8f5fa36 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-08T19:26:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 santos_fa_me_jabo.pdf: 1292340 bytes, checksum: f9f27e1722b5d5b1138ea367e8f5fa36 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-03-02 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / O cultivo do amendoim está sujeito a vários estresses por fatores seja de natureza biótica ou abiótica. Entre os fatores bióticos que afetam o desenvolvimento das plantas, destacam-se a ocorrência de pragas e doenças que limitam a produtividade da cultura. O ácaro Tetranychus ogmophallos é uma praga emergente que vêm causando prejuízos aos produtores de amendoim nas safras de 2008/09 até 2017/18. Até a realização desta pesquisa pouco se sabia sobre o potencial e capacidade de dispersão desta espécie de ácaro. Compreender os mecanismos de dispersão de um organismo praga é fundamental para estabelecimento de estratégias de controle. Portanto, o objetivo principal dos trabalhos foi estudar os mecanismos de dispersão de T. ogmophallos na cultura do amendoim. Os experimentos foram conduzidos no Laboratório de Acarologia do Departamento de Fitossanidade da Universidade Estadual Paulista - Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias de Jaboticabal (UNESP/FCAV). Para avaliar a dispersão de T. ogmophallos pelo vento foram realizados dois experimentos com níveis de infestação diferentes, 500 e 1.000 indivíduos por planta. A dispersão foi avaliada submetendo-se os ácaros a velocidades de vento (vv) de 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 e 30 km.h-1. O número de ácaros capturados foi avaliado para cálculo da distância média de deslocamento e a porcentagem de ácaros deslocados. A porcentagem de ácaros deslocados (AD%) foi estimada em função de vv a partir de quatro modelos não lineares. Os resultados indicaram que AD% depende de vv existindo uma velocidade a qual o deslocamento é maximizado. Também concluímos que o modelo de Shepherd (1982) é o que melhor se ajusta aos fatores relacionados a dispersão de T. ogmophallos. Um último experimento foi realizado para avaliar a ação da teia sobre a dispersão de T. ogmophallos. Nesse experimento foram utilizadas plantas jovens com duas folhas cada, cultivadas em vasos de 10 litros. Uma estaca de madeira foi utilizada para conduzir as plantas, amarrando-as com uma fita de plástico. Um pedaço de papel milimetrado foi fixado próximo à extremidade superior da estaca com a finalidade de calibrar o software utilizado para dimensionar a formação de teia (Image J ®). Em cada planta foram transferidas quarenta fêmeas adultas utilizando um pincel de uma única cerda. Assim que os ácaros iniciaram a formação de teias na extremidade da estaca, estas foram fotografadas diariamente com o uso de uma câmera fotográfica Nikon Coolpix P510 até a remoção dos aglomerados de teia (collective silk balls). As imagens foram submetidas ao software Image J® para avaliar o perímetro e o volume dos aglomerados de teia. Os aglomerados de teia foram retirados das estacas e transferidas para placas de Petri. Após a transferência foi quantificado o número de ácaros das camadas internas e externas dos aglomerados. No estudo dos aglomerados de teia concluímos que há a necessidade de um número mínimo de ácaros que caminham sobre a estaca para a formação dos aglomerados. Também concluímos que a formação dos aglomerados fornece risco de mortalidade aos ácaros, entretanto, garante que seja feita uma dispersão em um número relativamente grande de indivíduos. / Peanut crop is subject to several stresses by factors of a biotic or abiotic nature. Among the biotic factors that affect the development of plants, we highlight the occurrence of pests and diseases that limit the productivity of the crop. The mite Tetranychus ogmophallos is an emerging pest that has been causing losses to peanut farmers in the 2008/09 crop season until 2017/18. Until the realization of this research little was known about the potential and dispersion capacity of this species of mite. Understanding the mechanisms of dispersion of a pest organism is critical for the establishment of control strategies. Therefore, the main objective of the work was to study the mechanisms of dispersion of T. ogmophallos in the peanut crop. The experiments were conducted at the Laboratory of Acarology of the Department of Plant Protection of the São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, Jaboticabal. To evaluate the dispersion of T. ogmophallos by wind two experiments were carried out with different infestation levels, 500 and 1,000 individuals per plant. The dispersion was evaluated by subjecting the mites at wind speeds (ws) of 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 km.h-1. The number of mites captured was evaluated for the calculation of mean displacement distance and the percentage of displaced mites. The percentage of displaced mites (AD%) was estimated as a function of ws from four non-linear models. The results indicated that AD% depends on ws for a velocity at which displacement is maximized. We also conclude that the Shepherd (1982) model best fits factors related to the dispersion of T. ogmophallos. Another experiment was carried out to evaluate the action of the web on the dispersion of T. ogmophallos. In this experiment were used young plants with two leaves each, grown in 10 liter pots. A wooden stake was used to drive the plants, tying them with a plastic tape. A piece of graph paper was attached near the top edge of the stake for the purpose of calibrating the software used to size the web (Image J ®). In each plant forty adult females were transferred using a single bristle brush. As the mites began to form webs at the edge of the stake, they were photographed daily with the use of a Nikon Coolpix P510 camera until the removal of the collective silk balls. The images were submitted to Image J® software to evaluate the perimeter and volume of collective silk balls. The collective silk balls were removed from the cuttings and transferred to Petri dishes. After the transfer was quantified the number of mites of the internal and external layers of the collective silk balls. In the study of collective silk balls, we concluded that there is a need for a minimum number of mites that walk on the stake for the formation of collective silk balls. We also conclude that formation provides a risk of mortality to mites, however, it ensures dispersal in a relatively large number of individuals.

Submitted by FRANCIELE MORLIN CARNEIRO (franmorlin1@gmail.com) on 2018-09-08T15:08:07Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese_Versao Final.pdf: 3331484 bytes, checksum: 4e98fd8e90b26d730cc16a31488e4aa7 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Neli Silvia Pereira null (nelisps@fcav.unesp.br) on 2018-09-10T17:45:32Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 carneiro_fm_dr_jabo.pdf: 3331484 bytes, checksum: 4e98fd8e90b26d730cc16a31488e4aa7 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-09-10T17:45:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 carneiro_fm_dr_jabo.pdf: 3331484 bytes, checksum: 4e98fd8e90b26d730cc16a31488e4aa7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-07-27 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / Técnicas de Sensoriamento Remoto estão sendo aplicadas na agricultura e tem demonstrado grande potencial em seu uso por apresentar ótimas vantagens, tais como, método não destrutivo, rápido, obtenção de dados em tempo real, proporciona o monitoramento da variabilidade temporal da cultura ao longo dos estádios de crescimento da planta, dentre outras. Assim, os objetivos deste trabalho foram: (i) determinar qual estádio de desenvolvimento da cultura obtêm-se o tempo ótimo de coleta das leituras dos sensores por meio das melhores correlações entre os indicadores de qualidade (índices de vegetação x biomassa fresca e seca, largura de dossel, índice de clorofila, produtividade e maturação); (ii) comparar os índices de vegetação (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index - NDVI, Normalized Difference Red-Edge Index - NDRE, e Inverse Ratio Vegetation Index - IRVI) por meio do monitoramento da variabilidade temporal nas culturas do amendoim e da soja, proporcionará as melhores qualidades de leitura ao longo do processo; (iii) avaliar o comportamento dos índices de vegetação (NDVI e NDRE) com a biomassa fresca e seca, o índice de clorofila e a produtividade para a cultura da soja e do amendoim, como também, verificar a evolução destes índices por meio do estádio de desenvolvimento das culturas. Os experimentos foram realizados na safra de 2016/17, para o estudo do comportamento espectral das culturas da soja e do amendoim como também da variabilidade temporal dos índices de vegetação, em áreas agrícolas nos municípios de Dumont e de Jaboticabal, estado de São Paulo, Brasil. O delineamento experimental dos experimentos foi baseado no Controle Estatístico de Qualidade – CEQ. Nos experimentos de amendoim e da soja incluíram 63 e 65 pontos amostrais, respectivamente, com GRID 30 x 30 m. As avaliações foram realizadas aos 30, 45, 60, 75 e 90 dias após a semeadura (DAS), correspondendo desde o estádio vegetativo das culturas até o R6, por meio do sensoriamento remoto a nível de coleta terrestre com a utilização de dois sensores de dossel (GreenSeeker e OptRX) para a análise do comportamento dos indicadores de qualidade, como a biomassa fresca e seca, índice de clorofila, produtividade e os índices de vegetação (NDVI e NDRE). Os índices de vegetação NDRE e NDVI apresentaram alto potencial para a detecção no monitoramento das culturas da soja e do amendoim durante o estádio de desenvolvimento, principalmente o NDRE por ser menos sensível a saturação da sua leitura com o incremento da biomassa. O tempo ótimo de leitura de acordo com as análises de correlação e regressão apresentaram que aos 45 e 60 DAS (estádio de desenvolvimento R1 e R2 do amendoim, e da soja V5 e V6) mostraram os melhores valores. Houve interferências entre as culturas nas leituras dos sensores por apresentarem comportamento espectral diferente em virtude da morfologia e fisiologia vegetal se diferirem. / Remote Sensing Techniques are being applied in agriculture and have demonstrated great potential in their use because they present great advantages, such as non-destructive method, fast, obtaining data in real time provides the monitoring of the temporal variability of crop growth stages, among others. Thus, the objectives of this work were: (i) to determine the crop growth stages, the optimal time for collecting the sensor readings was obtained through the best correlations between the quality indicators (vegetation indices x fresh and dry biomass, canopy width, chlorophyll index, yield and maturation); (ii) to compare vegetation indices (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index - NDVI, Normalized Difference Red-Edge Index - NDRE, and Inverse Ratio Vegetation Index - IRVI) by monitoring temporal variability in peanut and soybean crops, determining which of them obtained the best reading qualities throughout the process; (iii) to evaluate the behavior of vegetation indices (NDVI and NDRE) with fresh and dry biomass, chlorophyll index and yield for soybean and peanut, as well as to verify the evolution of these indices through the stage development. The experiments were performed on the 2016/17 season to study the spectral behavior of the soybean and peanut crops as well as the temporal variability of vegetation indices in agricultural areas in the municipalities of Dumont and Jaboticabal, in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. The design of experiments was based on the basic assumptions of the Statistical Quality Control – SQC, containing 63 and 65 sample points with GRID 30 × 30 m. The parameters were evaluated at 30, 45, 60, 75, and 90 days after sowing (DAS), from vegetative stages to R6, by means of proximal sensing using the GreenSeeker and OptRX sensors for the analysis of the behavior of quality indicators, such as fresh and dry biomass, chlorophyll index, yield and vegetation indices (NDVI and NDRE). The NDRE and NDVI presented high potential for detection and monitoring of soybean and peanut crops during the growth stage, especially NDRE because it is less sensitive to the saturation reading with the increase of the biomass. The optimal time according to the correlation and regression analyzes showed that at 45 and 60 DAS (peanut development stages R1 and R2, and soybean V5 and V6) showed the best values. There were interferences between crops in the sensor readings because they presented different spectral behavior because of physiological and morphological plant if they differ. / CNPq: 142367/2015-0

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:25:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-02-26Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:13:34Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 rodrigues_ca_me_jabo.pdf: 273761 bytes, checksum: 551bde4fc7f49c934781cda9ae5e5305 (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Este estudo teve como objetivo verificar o potencial de predação de E. flavens através da liberação de ovos embrionados e larvas de primeiro ínstar de C. externa em plantas de amendoim cultivadas em casa-de-vegetação. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado com três tratamentos (plantas que não receberam liberação, plantas que receberam liberação de ovos embrionados e plantas que receberam liberação de larvas de primeiro ínstar) e 15 repetições no primeiro experimento e 20 no segundo. Foram realizadas amostragens antes da liberação e com 4, 9 e 15 dias após. No primeiro experimento e em relação às diferentes amostragens, as plantas que não receberam liberação o número médio de tripes não variou significativamente. As plantas que receberam liberação de ovos e larvas apresentaram aumento significativo do número médio de tripes aos quatro dias. Aos nove dias o número médio de tripes reduziu-se significativamente nas plantas que receberam liberação de ovos e aos 15 dias nas plantas que receberam liberação de larvas. No segundo experimento e em relação às diferentes amostragens, o número médio de tripes nas plantas que não receberam liberação não variou significativamente, como ocorrido no primeiro experimento. As plantas que receberam liberação de ovos apresentaram redução significativa no número médio de tripes aos quatro dias após a liberação. O mesmo ocorreu com as plantas que receberam liberação de larvas. Foi observado no segundo experimento, através da fórmula de Abbott, eficiência de redução da população de tripes de 71 e 74%, quando foram liberados ovos e larvas, respectivamente. Dessa maneira foi possível verificar que C. externa possui potencial de predação sobre o tripes do amendoim E. flavens / This study was carried out in order to verify the potential of predation of E. flavens through the release of fertilized eggs and first instar larvae of C. externa peanut plants grown in a greenhouse. The experimental design was completely randomized design with three treatments (plants that did not receive release, plants that received release embryonated eggs and plants that received release of the first larval instar) and 15 repetitions in the first experiment and 20 in the second. Samplings were made before the release and with 4, 9 and 15 days. In the first experiment and for the different samples, plants that were not release the average number of thrips did not vary significantly. The plants that received the release of eggs and larvae showed significant increase in the average number of thrips to four days. At nine days the average number of thrips decreased significantly in plants that received release of eggs and 15 days in plants that received release of larvae. In the second experiment and for the different samples, the average number of thrips on plants that did not receive release did not vary significantly, as occurred in the first experiment. The plants that received the release of eggs showed a significant reduction in the average number of thrips to four days after release. The same occurred with the plants that received release of larvae. Was observed in the second experiment, using the formula of Abbott, efficiency of reducing the population of thrips on 71 and 74%, when they were released eggs and larvae, respectively. Thus we observed that C. has the potential external predation on thrips in peanut E. flavens