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abstract: Literature was reviewed about how synchrony occurs in infant-parent dyads, in emotion, and physiologically in couple dyads. Social baseline theory suggests that both conversation and interpersonal touch confer benefits by reducing burden on the participants through coregulatory processes. The current study examined how affectionate touch and positive conversation influenced physiological synchrony, a potential mechanism of physiological coregulation, in couples. Because synchrony is believed to occur within the autonomic nervous system, in the present study, physiological synchrony was measured using cardiac interbeat interval (IBI) as an indicator of autonomic nervous system activation. Couples were assigned to one of four conditions: interpersonal touch with positive conversation, interpersonal touch without conversation, positive conversation with no interpersonal touch, and neither interpersonal touch nor conversation. We hypothesized that 1) IBI synchrony between spouses within the real data would be significantly higher than within a phase-shuffled version of the data; and 2) synchrony would be strongest in the touch-talk condition, followed by the touch-no talk condition, followed by the talk-no touch- condition, and finally by the no touch-no talk condition. We also investigated whether there was a tendency for husbands or wives to serve as leader or follower in the four conditions. Using windowed lagged cross-correlations, we found that synchrony within the real data was stronger than synchrony within the shuffled data, suggesting that it reflects an ongoing interpersonal process. Next, we found that there was significantly greater synchrony in the touch-talk than in the touch-no talk condition, marginally greater synchrony in the touch-no talk condition than in the no touch-talk condition, and significantly greater synchrony in the no touch-talk than in the no touch-no talk conditions, suggesting that talk, rather than touch, was driving these synchrony levels. We also found that the only condition with a significant level of leading-following pattern was the no touch-talk condition. More husbands than wives led the covariation in IBI when couples were conversing but not touching. When touch was included this effect did not occur. Future research should include potential moderators such as marital satisfaction and investigate whether seeing one’s partner influences synchrony. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Psychology 2018

nÃo hà / Nos Ãltimos anos os temas ativos intangÃveis e inovaÃÃo tÃm sido foco de vÃrios estudos acadÃmicos, nacionais e internacionais, levando em consideraÃÃo que as empresas tÃm realizado mudanÃas em sua estrutura, com destaque para a absorÃÃo de recursos intangÃveis, para gerar o mÃximo de benefÃcios advindos do processo inovativo, sinalizando, inclusive, que o grau de inovaÃÃo da empresa poderia ser resultado da sua estrutura dos ativos intangÃveis. A teoria baseada em recursos (RBV), base teÃrica que fundamenta este estudo, ampara a afirmaÃÃo de que, à medida que os recursos intangÃveis e capacidades diferenciadas geram benefÃcios econÃmicos e nÃo podem ser imitados pelos concorrentes, devido ao seu atributo de singularidade, eles se tornam fonte de capacidade competitiva sustentÃvel. Nessa perspectiva, o presente estudo tem por objetivo principal descrever o perfil dos ativos intangÃveis das empresas industriais listadas na BM&FBovespa, buscando identificar suas semelhanÃas e diferenÃas decorrentes do grau de intensidade tecnolÃgica setorial. Para tanto, considera-se que os ativos intangÃveis de inovaÃÃo exercem influÃncia como fonte essencial para a manutenÃÃo de vantagem competitiva e dos valores econÃmicos em empresas de setores industriais mais intensivos tecnologicamente, e que os elementos inerentes aos ativos intangÃveis relacionam-se com o desenvolvimento da inovaÃÃo nas empresas. As trÃs hipÃteses de pesquisa buscam confirmar se hà diferenÃas estatisticamente significantes no perfil dos ativos intangÃveis, em termos de categorias e mÃtricas de mensuraÃÃo, das empresas industriais decorrentes do seu grau de intensidade tecnolÃgica setorial. Este survey, classificado como exploratÃrio-descritivo, realizado por meio de anÃlise documental, com abordagem quali-quantitativa dos dados, utiliza a tÃcnica da anÃlise de conteÃdo para a anÃlise das demonstraÃÃes contÃbeis das empresas listadas na BM&FBovespa participantes do ranking setorial da inovaÃÃo, segundo o Ãndice Brasil de InovaÃÃo (IBI) e das tÃcnicas estatÃsticas de anÃlise de correlaÃÃo e anÃlise de variÃncia. A populaÃÃo da pesquisa, selecionada dentre as empresas industriais de capital aberto listadas na BM&FBovespa, totaliza 174 empresas, sendo 149 integrantes da amostra, por disponibilizarem as informaÃÃes necessÃrias referentes aos exercÃcios de 2008 a 2010, tendo em vista a consecuÃÃo dos objetivos propostos no estudo. Para a anÃlise multivariada utilizou-se das variÃveis investimentos em ativos intangÃveis, investimentos em ativos intangÃveis de inovaÃÃo, grau de intangibilidade e Q de Tobin, cujos valores foram coletados nas demonstraÃÃes contÃbeis das empresas da amostra e no banco de dados do EconomÃticaÂ. A pesquisa revelou que as categorias dos ativos intangÃveis predominantes sÃo Goodwill, Software e Marcas, quanto à frequÃncia, e Goodwill, LicenÃa de uso, Contratos de exclusividade e Direito de uso/exploraÃÃo, quanto aos investimentos, e que hà elevada representatividade dos intangÃveis em relaÃÃo aos ativos tangÃveis nas empresas inovadoras pesquisadas. Quanto à classificaÃÃo dos ativos intangÃveis de Lev (2001), os ativos de inovaÃÃo sÃo os itens preponderantes. No que se refere Ãs anÃlises estatÃsticas, rejeitaram-se as trÃs hipÃteses estabelecidas, isto Ã, constatou-se que as variÃveis relacionadas ao perfil dos ativos intangÃveis selecionadas para o estudo (categorias e mÃtricas de mensuraÃÃo dos ativos intangÃveis) nÃo sÃo correlacionadas com o grau de intensidade tecnolÃgica setorial, contrariando os pressupostos da RBV.

Dentre os sistemas naturais de regiões tropicais e sub-tropicais destacam-se os ambientes aquáticos que são representados por diferentes tipos de \"habitats\" como rios, riachos e lagoas marginais. A bacia do rio Sorocaba é um exemplo destes sistemas, sendo constituída por ambientes variados e, portanto, por condições ecológicas distintas. Tendo em vista a necessidade de caracterizar tais \"habitats\" por meio de índice de integridade biótica (IBI) e de prover informações ecológicas nesta bacia, foi realizado um estudo limnológico e ictiológico em doze tributários do rio Sorocaba de quatro ordens diferentes. Foram realizadas coletas para a avaliação das variáveis físicas, químicas e biológicas nas épocas de cheia e seca, nos anos de 1999 e 2000. Onze variáveis relacionadas à organização e saúde da comunidade de peixes foram avaliadas para análise do índice de integridade biótica dos \"habitats\" aquáticos em estudo, sendo essas variáveis selecionadas de maneira a detectar impactos sobre a estrutura da comunidade. Para tanto, verificou-se a riqueza e a abundância total das espécies, além da intolerância e categoria trófica dos indivíduos. Os resultados indicaram que a organização e a saúde da comunidade de peixes foram as variáveis mais importantes para composição do índice de integridade biótica nas três diferentes ordens de rio estudadas (2ª, 3ª e 4ª). De maneira geral, a bacia do rio Sorocaba apresentou-se alterada em relação aos padrões estabelecidos para comunidade íctica nesta última década, o que é indicativo de certo grau de degradação no sistema. / Tropical and sub-tropical rivers distinguish themselves among the aquatic systems in producing different types of habitats such as rivers, stream, creeks and floodplain lakes. The Sorocaba river in the State of São Paulo, Brazil, is an example of this type of system constituted by a variety environments and, hence producing distinct ecological conditions. A limnological and ictiological study of 12 tributaries of Sorocaba river four different stream orders was conducted to characterize these habitats in relation to the index of biological integrity and also to provide ecological information about the environmental conditions on the hydrographic basin. Data on physical, chemical and biological variables were obtained in dry and wet seasons during years 1999 and 2000. Eleven variables related to the organization and integrity of the fishes communityes were evaluated for the analysis of biotic integrity index of the aquatic habitats under study. These variables were selected to detected any environmental impacts on the structure of communities. The species richness and total abundance of the species as well as the intolerance and trophic category of individual were focused for this purpose. The results indicate that the organization and well-being of the communities were the most important variables, in determining the biotic integrity index in three higher stream orders, namely 2nd, 3rd and the 4th. In general, the Sorocaba river showed alterations in relation to the established patterns for ictic communities have been indicating of a certain degree of degradation in the system.

Dentre os sistemas naturais de regiões tropicais e sub-tropicais destacam-se os ambientes aquáticos que são representados por diferentes tipos de \"habitats\" como rios, riachos e lagoas marginais. A bacia do rio Sorocaba é um exemplo destes sistemas, sendo constituída por ambientes variados e, portanto, por condições ecológicas distintas. Tendo em vista a necessidade de caracterizar tais \"habitats\" por meio de índice de integridade biótica (IBI) e de prover informações ecológicas nesta bacia, foi realizado um estudo limnológico e ictiológico em doze tributários do rio Sorocaba de quatro ordens diferentes. Foram realizadas coletas para a avaliação das variáveis físicas, químicas e biológicas nas épocas de cheia e seca, nos anos de 1999 e 2000. Onze variáveis relacionadas à organização e saúde da comunidade de peixes foram avaliadas para análise do índice de integridade biótica dos \"habitats\" aquáticos em estudo, sendo essas variáveis selecionadas de maneira a detectar impactos sobre a estrutura da comunidade. Para tanto, verificou-se a riqueza e a abundância total das espécies, além da intolerância e categoria trófica dos indivíduos. Os resultados indicaram que a organização e a saúde da comunidade de peixes foram as variáveis mais importantes para composição do índice de integridade biótica nas três diferentes ordens de rio estudadas (2ª, 3ª e 4ª). De maneira geral, a bacia do rio Sorocaba apresentou-se alterada em relação aos padrões estabelecidos para comunidade íctica nesta última década, o que é indicativo de certo grau de degradação no sistema. / Tropical and sub-tropical rivers distinguish themselves among the aquatic systems in producing different types of habitats such as rivers, stream, creeks and floodplain lakes. The Sorocaba river in the State of São Paulo, Brazil, is an example of this type of system constituted by a variety environments and, hence producing distinct ecological conditions. A limnological and ictiological study of 12 tributaries of Sorocaba river four different stream orders was conducted to characterize these habitats in relation to the index of biological integrity and also to provide ecological information about the environmental conditions on the hydrographic basin. Data on physical, chemical and biological variables were obtained in dry and wet seasons during years 1999 and 2000. Eleven variables related to the organization and integrity of the fishes communityes were evaluated for the analysis of biotic integrity index of the aquatic habitats under study. These variables were selected to detected any environmental impacts on the structure of communities. The species richness and total abundance of the species as well as the intolerance and trophic category of individual were focused for this purpose. The results indicate that the organization and well-being of the communities were the most important variables, in determining the biotic integrity index in three higher stream orders, namely 2nd, 3rd and the 4th. In general, the Sorocaba river showed alterations in relation to the established patterns for ictic communities have been indicating of a certain degree of degradation in the system.

Podeu escriure el text directament o arrossegar-lo des d'un altre documentL'objectiu d'aquesta tesi és contribuir a l'ús dels peixos continentals com a indicadors de l'estat ecològic a la conca Mediterrània. En el primer treball es va detectar que encara que tots els índex biològics estaven correlacionats significativament, els peixos integren i expressen els estressos de manera i a una escala diferents, aportant una informació complementària als altres índexs. Al segon article es van estudiar els cabals de sis conques catalanes. S'ha mostrat que els règims hídrics estan alterats amb una tendència a la disminució del cabal i del nivell dels aqüífers. S'ha detectat quatre mètriques de peixos que es troben significativament afectades en zones més castigades per manca d'aigua degut a l'activitat humana. Es discuteix la necessitat de conèixer en profunditat el règim hídric de cada conca abans d'utilitzar els índex biològics. Al tercer article es va detectar que la composició d'espècies capturades va variar significativament al llarg del buidat amb un augment de l'alburn (A. alburnus) a les aigües pelàgiques durant els dies de pitjor qualitat de l'aigua, confirmant que l'alburn és més tolerant a la mala qualitat de l'aigua que la madrilleta vera (R. rutilus) i suggereix el seu potencial com a bioindicador. La condició d'aquestes dues espècies va canviar significativament al llarg del buidat de manera molt estreta amb la qualitat de l'aigua. Al quart capítol es va estudiar la biologia dels peixos d'un embassament altament contaminat (Flix). El percentatge de DELT anomalies i la presència de paràsits externs era major en la zona impactada que als punts de control i els valors més alts de pes eviscerat i pes del fetge estaven als punts de control. Les respostes van ser diferents per cada espècie i la carpa va ser la que va mostrar més clarament els impactes. / Podeu escriure el text directament o arrossegar-lo des d'un altre documentThe aim of this thesis is to contribute to the use of freshwater fish as ecological indicators in the Mediterranean basin. In the first article we found that although most biological indices were correlated, fish reflected different ecological aspects due to their particular features. In the second article the stream flow regimes of six Mediterranean basins were studied. A decrease of streamflow and aquifer levels was detected, despite no observed decrease of rainfall precipitation. Of the thirty metrics tested to detect sites impacted by water abstraction, we detected four significant fish metrics. Furthermore, the role of biotic indices when the river is artificially dry is discussed. In the third article we found that species composition in the pelagic zone varied significantly during the drawdown with higher proportion of bleak (A. alburnus) during the days of worst water quality, confirming that bleak is more tolerant than roach (R. rutilus) to poor water quality. The weight-length relationship of roach and bleak also varied significantly during the drawdown with close relationship between water quality and fish condition. In the fourth article the condition and fecundity of freshwater fishes were assessed in a highly polluted reservoir (Flix reservoir). We have shown significant increases of DELT anomalies and ectoparasite prevalences and decreases in condition and fecundity of several freshwater fish at the impacted area. The responses to the pollutants were species-specific and common carp was the species that showed more markedly the effects.

Diagnosis of stress is important because it can cause many diseases e.g., heart disease, headache, migraine, sleep problems, irritability etc. Diagnosis of stress in patients often involves acquisition of biological signals for example heart rate, finger temperature, electrocardiogram (ECG), electromyography signal (EMG), skin conductance signal (SC) etc. followed up by a careful analysis of the acquired signals. The accuracy is totally dependent on the experience of an expert. Again the number of such experts is also very limited. Heart rate is considered as an important parameter in determining stress. It reflects status of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) and thus is very effective in monitoring any imbalance in patient’s stress level. Therefore, a computer-aided system is useful to determine stress level based on various features that can be extracted from a patient’s heart rate signals. Stress diagnosis using biomedical signals is difficult and since the biomedical signals are too complex to generate any rule an experienced person or expert is needed to determine stress levels. Also, it is not feasible to use all the features that are available or possible to extract from the signal. So, relevant features should be chosen from the extracted features that are capable to diagnose stress. Again, ECG signal is frequently contaminated by outliers produced by the loose conduction of the electrode due to sneezing, itching etcetera that hampers the value of the features. A Case-Based Reasoning (CBR) System is helpful when it is really hard to formulate rule and the knowledge on the domain is also weak. A CBR system is developed to evaluate how closely it can diagnose stress levels compare to an expert. A study is done to find out mostly used features to reduce the number of features used in the system and in case library. A software prototype is developed that can collect ECG signal from a patient through ECG sensor and calculate Inter Beat Interval (IBI) signal and features from it. Instead of doing manual visual inspection a new way to remove outliers from the IBI signal is also proposed and implemented here. The case base has been initiated with 22 reference cases classified by an expert. A performance analysis has been done and the result considering how close the system can perform compare to the expert is presented. On the basis of the evaluations an accuracy of 86% is obtained compare to an expert. However, the correctly classified case for stressed group (Sensitivity) was 57% and it is quite important to increase as it is related to the safety issue of health. The reasons of relatively lower sensitivity and possible ways to improve it are also investigated and explained.

Fish community data were used to develop an index of biotic integrity (IBI) to quantify habitat degradation in oxbow lakes of the Delta region of the Yazoo River Basin. Daytime boat electrofishing was used to sample the fish assemblage of 30 oxbow lakes during 2006-2007. We evaluated 70 candidate metrics based on their responses to measures of anthropogenic disturbance. Six metrics were retained for inclusion in the IBI: species richness, Shannon’s diversity (H’), average tolerance, and catch rates of buffalo, orangespotted sunfish, and litho-psammophilic spawners. The six IBI metrics showed strong multivariate relationships with measures of habitat degradation in a canonical correlation analysis. Spearman’s rank correlation and scatterplot analysis showed that IBI scores changed in a predictable pattern along gradients of habitat degradation. Three additional lakes were sampled in 2008 and were used to successfully validate the IBI. Biotic integrity was found to be impaired in most oxbow lakes of the Mississippi Delta.

No description available.

The index of biotic integrity (IBI) comprises several fish-assemblage attributes, called metrics, that reflect how a site differs from least-disturbed (by anthropogenic influences) conditions. Understanding how metrics at least-disturbed sites vary across landscape classes (e.g., physiographies, ecoregions) and stream sizes helps one determine appropriate regions and stream-size ranges in which to develop and use the IBI. The IBI’s utility depends on how accurately and reliably each metric reflects disturbance. I make recommendations for developing the IBI for use in Virginia. I examined metric variation across landscape classes: physiographies, ecoregions, and drainage groups; and across stream sizes. I examined intra-region relations between metrics and disturbance measures and whether relations met conventional IBI assumptions. Taxonomic metrics (e.g., number of native minnow species) and reproductive metrics (e.g., proportion of individuals as lithophils) varied more across physiographies than across ecoregions or drainages. Trophic metrics (e.g., proportion as invertivores) varied least across landscape classes and most with stream size. For Virginia, I recommend three regions: Coastal Plain, Piedmont, and Mountain, in which to develop and use distinct versions of the IBI. In Coastal Plain, disturbance-vs-metric relations were mostly contrary to IBI assumptions. In Piedmont, trophic and tolerance metrics best reflected disturbance and met IBI assumptions; in Mountain, reproductive metrics did so. Disturbance measures accounted for about 20% of the variance in metrics, suggesting that my data incompletely represented disturbance effects on fish. Until further validation, I recommend that each regional IBI retain at least two taxonomic, two trophic, two reproductive, and one tolerance metric. / Master of Science