As transformações sociais advindas da popularização de Tecnologias da Informação e Comunicação (TICs) como a Internet são flagrantes. E a regulamentação destas novas práticas deve ser condizente com as peculiaridades das relações jurídicas desenvolvidas neste âmbito. Este trabalho visa analisar o problema da responsabilidade civil por danos à pessoa humana sofridos no âmbito dos sites de redes sociais pela criação e uso de perfis falsos. Assim, primeiramente, faz-se uma análise introdutória do fenômeno da Internet e das visões sobre as possíveis formas de regulamentação jurídica das condutas praticadas por meio da Rede. Posteriormente, adstringe-se à temática dos danos morais, buscando-se conceituá-los sob a ótica civil constitucional, como danos à pessoa humana. Finalmente, chega-se ao estudo dos perfis falsos, enfrentando-se a problemática dos danos morais sofridos por seu manejo. São desdobradas em três subproblemas: se são ou não capazes civilmente os usuários, chegando-se ao estudo dos perfis de menores de idade; se existem ou não as pessoas representadas nos perfis, subdividindo-se a análise nas hipóteses de perfis criados em roubo de identidade e perfis que representem criações intelectuais e; se estão ou não vivas as pessoas descritas nos perfis, trazendo-se à baila a hipótese dos perfis de pessoas falecidas. / The popularization of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) like Internet brought undeniable changes for many. The legal regulation of these new habits must be harmonized with the quirks of such legal relations. This work aims to analyze the problem of the civil liability for moral injuries due to the creation and use fake profiles on the online social network websites. First, it studies some preliminary notions about the Internet and some legal opinions about its governance. After, the issue is restricted to the study of moral injuries at the civil constitutional legal doctrine measure as a damage to the human dignity of person. Finally, the work arrives at the fake profiles and the moral injuries caused by it. Then comes three sub-problems: if the user is legal incapable or not, taking to the study of profiles children and adolescent; if the person represented at the online profile really exists or not, taking to the problems about identity theft and intellectual property violations, and; if the person is alive or not, taking to the topic of deceased persons profiles.

因為資通訊科技之普及發達，提升經濟、社會活動的便捷性並豐富人們的生活品質，但一面兩刃，它同時也蘊藏了新興犯罪的機會，對經濟、社會活動之正常運作帶來威脅。其中，身分資料偷竊及身分冒用（以下簡稱「身分竊用」），已然成為資訊社會時代嚴重的新興犯罪之一。「身分竊用」一般俗稱為「身分竊盜」，其係由英文原文identity theft直譯而來。其實身分無從竊盜起，英文原文的identity theft其實也是簡稱，完整的意義是identity theft and assumption，係指行為人未經授權擅用他人用已表彰其身分的證明或資訊，從而冒用他人之身分，遂行各式活動。本研究為求接近其實際文意內涵，在本研究中將其譯為「身分竊用」。 同為自由開放和高度科技化之社會，美國法律制度和社會機制環境雖與我多有不同，但其面對相同問題時的所受之影響和相對處理方式，或可為我國在處理同類問題時之參考。美國在身分竊用之相關法律，自從1970年代以降，至少制定20件以上的相關法律。先是從個人金融隱私權的保護著手，如在1970年制定《公平信用報告法》(FCRA)、1974年所制定的《隱私權法》(Privacy Act)。1998年則進一步制定通過《身分竊用嚇阻法》(Identity Theft and Assumption Deterrence Act)，明文規範「身分竊用」為刑事犯罪行為。《身分竊用嚇阻法》最重要價值是確認了身分被竊用的人也是犯罪被害者，相較於之前只有因犯罪者使用身分竊用手法而被詐騙失去財務的人才被認為是受害者 ，有了很大的進步。而之後的法律制定和實務處理即朝向個人資料保護、身分竊用預防和損害抑制，以及執法訴追等方向前進。 本研究以身分識別理論為起點，探討身分竊用在現代資訊社會中之角色和因身分識別資料被竊取冒用所發生之行為對個人社會和經濟的影響，蒐集美國聯邦自1970代迄今所制定和處理身分竊用相關之法律並予以摘錄分類，最後比較兩國對身分竊用問題處理之異同，並嘗試提出借鏡調和應用的建議。本研究蒐集整理，並將其群組為四種類型。分別是：（一）身分竊用罪法群；（二）個人身分證之相關法群；（三）消費者信用報告法群，以及（四）個人資料保護法群。 本研究發現，我國和美國雖然均面臨到身分竊用的問題，但因為國情和制度的不同，所受到的影響程度和所採取對應問題的方式也因此不同。例如：我國和美國在對個人識別號碼的態度和處理不同，美國是盡量打破個人利用單一獨特(unique)號碼進行識別的機制，而我國則是大量的使用。在個人身分證明文件上，我國較為統一，美國則較為分散，迄今尚未有全國統一性的身分識別證。在個人識別資料庫的建置和運用上，我國相對集中，美國重分散。我國對個人資料的保護是遵循歐盟模式，採取從上而下立法的方式。相反的，美國在個人資料保護作為上比較傾向建置一個結合法規、命令和自我管理的架構，而非由政府制訂的單一法規，係採由下而上模式。我國現在使用的國民身分證和身分證號在實體世界所建構的通用身分識別體系，因為個人資料庫雖分散但可集中連線查詢管理的特性，其在身分竊用防制機制的優勢因此建立。美國在對抗身分竊用問題所採取的方式雖因為國情和歷史的不同而和我國有相當程度的差異，但其在犯罪嚇阻控制上特別注意建立執法機關的查緝能力、訴追工具和司法機關量刑裁判的嚇阻效益，仍值得我國學習。本研究對於「美國聯邦量刑委員會」在其《量刑基準》上針對身分竊用罪的量刑考量及該委員會如此設計之源由稍有描述，或可為後續研究或實務參考之用。 / Identity theft is a form of stealing someone's identity in which someone pretends to be someone else by assuming that person's identity, typically in order to access resources or obtain credit and other benefits in that person's name. The first victim of identity theft is the person whose identity has been assumed by the identity thief and this person can suffer adverse consequences if they are held accountable for the perpetrator's actions. The other victims are those who were defrauded by identity theft tactics. Along with the prevalence of information and communication technology, identity theft is becoming a great threat to common people and even to national security. This study has collected more than 20 pieces of U.S.A. federal acts and statutes that related to combating identity theft problems. This study then categorizes then into 4 groups, namely 1) identity theft criminalization; 2) national personal identification system; 3) consumer credit report; and 4) personal data protection. In the mean time, this study also collected related laws and Taiwan (R.O.C.) for comparison. The government organization structures and legal systems between U.S.A. and Taiwan (R.O.C.) are very different, though the common goal of fighting identity theft is the same; the measures are quite different as well. In short, in terms of laws and personal identification system, the U.S.A. is more decentralized while in Taiwan (R.O.C.) it is more centralized. Taiwan (R.O.C.) has a national-wide and unified personal identification system that put it in a better position to respond and mitigate to identity theft impacts. On the other hand, from the law enforceability aspect, the study finds the U.S.A. provides better tools to law enforcement agencies and prosecutors to bring the offenders to justice in court and the judges have relatively more clear guidelines for case consideration and sentence.

As transformações sociais advindas da popularização de Tecnologias da Informação e Comunicação (TICs) como a Internet são flagrantes. E a regulamentação destas novas práticas deve ser condizente com as peculiaridades das relações jurídicas desenvolvidas neste âmbito. Este trabalho visa analisar o problema da responsabilidade civil por danos à pessoa humana sofridos no âmbito dos sites de redes sociais pela criação e uso de perfis falsos. Assim, primeiramente, faz-se uma análise introdutória do fenômeno da Internet e das visões sobre as possíveis formas de regulamentação jurídica das condutas praticadas por meio da Rede. Posteriormente, adstringe-se à temática dos danos morais, buscando-se conceituá-los sob a ótica civil constitucional, como danos à pessoa humana. Finalmente, chega-se ao estudo dos perfis falsos, enfrentando-se a problemática dos danos morais sofridos por seu manejo. São desdobradas em três subproblemas: se são ou não capazes civilmente os usuários, chegando-se ao estudo dos perfis de menores de idade; se existem ou não as pessoas representadas nos perfis, subdividindo-se a análise nas hipóteses de perfis criados em roubo de identidade e perfis que representem criações intelectuais e; se estão ou não vivas as pessoas descritas nos perfis, trazendo-se à baila a hipótese dos perfis de pessoas falecidas. / The popularization of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) like Internet brought undeniable changes for many. The legal regulation of these new habits must be harmonized with the quirks of such legal relations. This work aims to analyze the problem of the civil liability for moral injuries due to the creation and use fake profiles on the online social network websites. First, it studies some preliminary notions about the Internet and some legal opinions about its governance. After, the issue is restricted to the study of moral injuries at the civil constitutional legal doctrine measure as a damage to the human dignity of person. Finally, the work arrives at the fake profiles and the moral injuries caused by it. Then comes three sub-problems: if the user is legal incapable or not, taking to the study of profiles children and adolescent; if the person represented at the online profile really exists or not, taking to the problems about identity theft and intellectual property violations, and; if the person is alive or not, taking to the topic of deceased persons profiles.