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A Hyperspectral imager aboard a cubesat would be able to provide images which could be used to identify ships and determine the ship's length and breadth and heading. Depending on the size of the ship, the speed the ship is traveling can be determined as well; however the speed and size determination is limited by the spatial resolution of 100 meters. The spectral signature of the boat is dramatically different from the spectral signature of the open Ocean especially within the range of 400 to 1000 nanometers, and this threshold is the basis for extracting ship data. Hyperspectral Imagers are ideal for minimization with few optical errors introduced, and designs range in durability making them useful on board small satellites especially in the visible and near infrared region. Placing an imager on a satellite allows for consistent observation over a region to identify patterns in ship movement over time. / Master of Science

Consumers evaluate products in the market place using their senses and often form mental representations of product properties. These mental representations have been studied extensively. Imagery has been shown to interact with perception within many perceptual modalities including vision, auditory, olfactory, and motor. This dissertation draws on the vast visual imagery literature to examine imagery in the haptic, or touch, modality. Two studies were undertaken to examine the relationship between haptic imagery and haptic perception The first study is based on studies from cognitive psychology that have used similar methods for examining visual imagery and visual perception. In study 1, sighted and visually impaired participants were asked to evaluate objects haptically, to form a haptic image of that object during a short interval, and then to compare the haptic image to a second object. In Study 2, sighted and visually impaired participants listened to five radio advertisements containing imagery phrases from multiple modalities. After listening to the advertisements, participants were asked to recall the ad content and assess both the ad and the product while haptically evaluating the product in the ad. Though results were mixed and further exploration will be necessary, these studies offer broad implications for consumer use of haptic imagery in shopping environments. The implications for both sighted and blind consumers are discussed.

Eighty four female undergraduate students participated in a psychotherapy analog study to determine the effects of imagery ability, guided imagery therapy treatments, and personal versus supplied constructs upon self-disclosure variables in a 2 x 3 x 2 Anova design, with repeated measures on the final factor. Dependent variables were measured by reaction time, total talk time, speech duration, silence quotient, and Doster's (1971) Self-Disclosure Rating Scale. Subjects were divided into two imagery ability levels on the basis of local mean scores on Sheehan's (1967) modification of Betts' (1909) Questionnaire upon Mental Imagery. Three treatment procedures were employed: a guided focal imagery treatment, which encouraged imagery involving the interpersonal topics to be discussed, a guided relaxation imagery treatment which used standard sensory relaxation scenes, and a treatment which imparted ambiguous instructions. The final factor was repeated measures of the eight negative topics the subjects were asked to discuss. Four were chosen from the subjects' Role Construct Repertory Test grid (Kelly, 1955; Landfield, 1971), and four were selected from the Semantic Differential (Snider & Osgood, 1969).

This study was designed to determine if long term training of mental imagery skills is more beneficial to an athlete than immediate imagery rehearsal practiced only prior to an event. Subjects were thirty male high school baseball athletes who were randomly assigned to one of three treatment conditions: (1) long term imagery training and practice; (2) immediate imagery practice only; and (3) control. An accuracy relay-throwing test was performed with pre-test, mid-test, and post-test performance trials. Results of the study revealed no statistically significant differences over the three test periods for any of the treatment conditions. Thus, long term imagery combined with immediate imagery practice, immediate imagery practice and control groups performed equally well on the baseball throwing task.

Kwok Yee-shan, Meaco. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2000. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 71-81). / Abstract and questionnaire in English and Chinese. / Acknowledgments --- p.i / Abstract --- p.ii / Table of Contents --- p.v / List of Tables --- p.x / Chapter CHAPTER ONE --- Introduction --- p.1 / Statement of the Problem --- p.1 / Purposes of the Study --- p.4 / Operational Definitions --- p.5 / Assumptions --- p.6 / Limitations --- p.7 / Delimitations --- p.7 / Significance of the Study --- p.7 / Chapter CHAPTER TWO --- Review of Literature --- p.9 / Imagery --- p.9 / Confidence --- p.18 / Anxiety --- p.23 / "Relationship among Imagery, Confidence and Anxiety" --- p.27 / Summary of Review --- p.33 / Chapter CHAPTER THREE --- Methodology --- p.35 / Participants --- p.35 / Design --- p.35 / Procedure --- p.36 / Pilot test --- p.36 / Orientation --- p.37 / Pre-test --- p.38 / Treatment conditions --- p.38 / Post-test --- p.42 / Procedural Reliability and Manipulation Checks --- p.43 / The Outcome Expectancy --- p.43 / The Consumer Satisfaction --- p.43 / The Treatment Integrity --- p.43 / Measure --- p.44 / The Modified Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2 --- p.44 / The French Short Serve Test --- p.45 / The Poole Long Serve Test --- p.46 / Data Analysis --- p.46 / Chapter CHAPTER FOUR --- Results --- p.48 / The Descriptive Analysis --- p.48 / Major Findings --- p.50 / "The effect of imagery on confidence, cognitive anxiety, somatic anxiety and performance" --- p.50 / Significant factor(s) in predicting performance --- p.51 / The Post-experimental Assessment --- p.52 / The Outcome Expectancy --- p.52 / The Consumer Satisfaction --- p.53 / Summary of the Findings --- p.54 / Chapter CHAPTER FIVE --- Discussion --- p.55 / "The Influence of Imagery on Confidence, Cognitive Anxiety, Somatic Anxiety and Performance" --- p.55 / The effect of imagery on confidence --- p.56 / The effect of imagery on cognitive anxiety --- p.56 / The effect of imagery on performance --- p.57 / The effect of imagery on somatic anxiety --- p.58 / Nature of the task --- p.59 / The temporary design --- p.59 / Methodological factors --- p.60 / The duration of imagery training --- p.60 / The order of imagery presentation against physical practice --- p.61 / The imagery intervention script --- p.62 / Significant Factor(s) in Predicting Performance --- p.63 / Nature of the task --- p.64 / The importance of the competition --- p.64 / The psychological skills employed --- p.65 / The Post-experimental Assessment --- p.66 / The outcome expectancy --- p.66 / The effectiveness of the imagery intervention --- p.67 / Conclusion --- p.67 / Recommendations for Future Research --- p.68 / Bibliography --- p.71 / Appendix --- p.82 / Appendix A: Informed Consent --- p.82 / Appendix B: Competitive State Anxiety Inventory - 2 Directions --- p.83 / Appendix C: Outcome Expectancy --- p.87 / Appendix D: Consumer Satisfaction --- p.88 / Appendix E: Treatment Integrity --- p.89

Water is a major factor limiting cotton production and farmers must aim to optimise crop water use through timely irrigation scheduling decisions. Airborne video imagery when calibrated with a low density of ground based observations, offers the potential for near real time monitoring of crop condition, through sequential coverages of entire cotton fields. Using commercially available video equipment mounted on a light aircraft images were acquired of field experiments that were established in commercial cotton fields to test if the imagery could monitor changes in crop condition. Ground data collected from these experiments were used to evaluate green, red, near infrared and thermal band imagery for irrigated crop management. Prior to acquiring imagery, a ground radiometer study was conducted to investigate if canopy reflectance changed with the onset of crop water stress. Canopy reflectance decreased in the near infrared and green bands during the five day period prior to the crop's normal irrigation date. Red reflectance increased only after the crop irrigation was due, when the crop was suffering from water stress. The greatest change in canopy reflectance was in the near infrared region, attributable in part to a decrease in ground cover caused by canopy architectural changes including leaf wilting. The results of this experiment were used to select spectral filters for the video cameras. A range of crop conditions were identified in the imagery including; crop waterlogging, wheeltrack soil compaction, crop nitrogen status, different varieties, crop maturity, canopy development, soil moisture status, cotton yield and nutgrass weeds. Thermal imagery was the most successful for distinguishing differences in the crop soil moisture status. Near infrared imagery was most closely related to crop canopy development and is recommended for monitoring crop growth. Linear relationships were found between spectral responses in the imagery, crop reflectance (%) and crop temperature measured on the ground. Near infrared reflectance linearly increased, while spectral responses in the green, red and thermal bands exhibited an inverse relationship with plant height and ground cover. Imagery collected early in the season was affected by the soil background. Final lint yield was related to imagery in the red band. As the soil moisture level declined, crop temperature increased while reflectance in the green band decreased. To ensure an accurate relationship between soil moisture and thermal imagery, separate calibration equations are recommended for different stages in the season. Green, red and near infrared imagery were affected by the sun angle that caused one side of the imagery to appear brighter than the other. This problem was greatest in the green and red bands, but was not evident in the thermal imagery. Changes in solar radiation and air temperature on some occasions caused greater variation to the imagery between flights, than changes in crop condition per se. Therefore, it is not aIways possible to directly determine the soil moisture status from canopy temperature. Further research is required to correct imagery for environmental variables such as solar radiation, air temperature and vapour pressure deficit. Thermal imagery offers many improvements to current irrigation scheduling techniques including the facilitation of locating more representative ground sampling points. Thermal imagery also enables cotton fields on a farm to be ranked according to their soil moisture status. This then provides farmers with a visual picture of the crop water status across the whole farm, which is not possible using conventional ground scheduling techniques. At this stage, airborne video imagery will not replace soil moisture data collected for irrigation scheduling, however offers potential to enhance irrigation scheduling methods by addressing the problem of crop variability within cotton fields.

<p>Mental ljudföreställning (eng. auditory imagery) innebär att uppleva ett ljud för sitt inre i frånvaro av yttre sinnesintryck. Tidigare studier har visat att ljud­föreställning kan inverka såväl faciliterande (t.ex. Farah & Smith, 1983) som interfererande (t.ex. Okada & Matsuoka, 1992) på perceptuell ljuddetektion. Syftet med föreliggande studie var att undersöka om ljudföreställning faciliterar eller interfererar perceptuell detektion av kongruenta och inkongruenta komplexa ljud. De 39 under­sök­nin­g­­s­­deltagarna randomiserades till en av två betingelser (ljudföreställning eller ingen ljudföreställning) och fick därefter lyssna samt detektera olika ljud (varav ett var detsamma som föreställningsljudet). Resultatet visade att ljudföreställning varken hade en signifikant faciliterande eller interfererande effekt på vare sig kongruenta eller inkongruenta komplexa ljud.</p>

<p>Imagery is an individual and cognitive process (Morris, Spittle, & Watt, 2005). This study has therefore qualitatively examined following objectives: (1) elite powerlifters imagery experiences and (2) if elite powerlifters use imagery deliberately. Five elite powerlifters participated in the study (3 men, 2 women), they were 21-37 years old (M = 27.6; SD = 6.1). The Individual Profile of Imagery Experiences in Sport (IPIES; Weibull, 2008b) was modified and used to meet the objectives for the study. Imagery was used by all elite powerlifters. Several imagery patterns were experienced, and the most common one was <em>Good lift. </em>A few imagery patterns were used by more than one individual; they were however experienced in different ways.<em> </em>The most common purpose was to increase motivation. Through imagery the powerlifters experienced both positive and negative effects. The negative effect was reported in spontaneous imagery, which was experienced by three powerlifters. Deliberate practice was categorized from several imagery patterns experienced by three powerlifters. This study supports the Analytical framework of imagery experiences (Weibull, in press).</p> / <p>Visualisering är en individuell, inre kognitiv process (Morris, Spittle, & Watt, 2005). Denna studie har därför kvalitativt undersökt följande syften: (1) elitstyrkelyftares visualiseringsupplevelser samt (2) om elitstyrkelyftare använder visualisering avsiktligt. I studien deltog 5 elitstyrkelyftare (3 män, 2 kvinnor) som var 21-37 år gamla (M = 27.6; SD = 6.1). Individual Profile of Imagery Experiences in Sport (IPIES; Weibull, 2008b) modifierades och användes för att uppnå studiens syften. Visualisering användes av samtliga styrkelyftare. Flera olika visualiseringsmönster upplevdes, vanligast var <em>Bra lyft. </em>Vissa visualiseringsmönster upplevdes av flera styrkelyftare, dock på olika sätt. Vanligaste syftet för visualiseringsanvändande var att öka motivation. Visualisering upplevdes ge både positiva och negativa effekter. Negativa effekter upplevdes av spontan visualisering som rapporterades av tre styrkelyftare. Ett antal visualiseringsmönster klassificerades som avsiktlig träning hos tre styrkelyftare. Denna studie stödjer den Analytiska referensramen för visualiseringsupplevelser (Weibull, i tryck).</p>

Mental ljudföreställning (eng. auditory imagery) innebär att uppleva ett ljud för sitt inre i frånvaro av yttre sinnesintryck. Tidigare studier har visat att ljud­föreställning kan inverka såväl faciliterande (t.ex. Farah &amp; Smith, 1983) som interfererande (t.ex. Okada &amp; Matsuoka, 1992) på perceptuell ljuddetektion. Syftet med föreliggande studie var att undersöka om ljudföreställning faciliterar eller interfererar perceptuell detektion av kongruenta och inkongruenta komplexa ljud. De 39 under­sök­nin­g­­s­­deltagarna randomiserades till en av två betingelser (ljudföreställning eller ingen ljudföreställning) och fick därefter lyssna samt detektera olika ljud (varav ett var detsamma som föreställningsljudet). Resultatet visade att ljudföreställning varken hade en signifikant faciliterande eller interfererande effekt på vare sig kongruenta eller inkongruenta komplexa ljud.