Submitted by Celso Magalhaes (celsomagalhaes@ufrrj.br) on 2018-09-13T17:59:09Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2017 - Thamires de Mello Neto.pdf: 1516929 bytes, checksum: faa5edbe5a008b3c926c4e55309ad3e2 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-09-13T17:59:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2017 - Thamires de Mello Neto.pdf: 1516929 bytes, checksum: faa5edbe5a008b3c926c4e55309ad3e2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-08-24 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / Throughout the coastal habitats, the Guiana dolphin is affected by anthropogenic actions that threaten its conservation, especially fishing and boat traffic. Sepetiba bay seems to offer a high-quality habitat, because the dolphins are very abundant and found in the area all year round. With the industrial development in Sepetiba Bay, there will be an increase of large vessels flow, which will carry several types of cargo, some of which are harmful to the environment and directly dangerous to the animals. This intense traffic occurs in a place used by dolphins for feeding, foraging and breeding, may generate negative behavioral responses, changing their affinity for the place and move away. From a landbase, during the period of one year (July 2015 to August 2016), sightings were realized with the objective of evaluating whether the different vessels generate impacts on the Guiana dolphins? behavior. The evaluation was based on a behavioral reaction classification in Negative, Neutral, and Positive, in interactions with a 500m maximum distance among the study objects. The study had a total of 288 h of sample effort, whereupon with the most interactions were Jan/16 with 14.90% (n = 11), Jul/15 with 13.51% (n = 10) and Mar/16 and Apr/16 with 12.16% (n = 9). Interactions occurred mostly during the period from 10 h to 11 h AM (32.43%), 9h to 10h AM (24.32%), and 11 to 12 h AM (24.32%), and all occurred outside the dredged chanel. The dolphin groups, in general, were small. The presence of calves accompanying the group was also low, only 12 individuals (6.86%). The vessels that most interacted with the dolphins were: Boats (79.73%) and Trawlers (18.92%), and only one ship (1.35%) was observed interacting with the animals. Foraging (57.30%) and Travelling (42.70%) were the most performed activities. The most expressive behavioral reactions were Neutral (71.43%), followed by Negative (24%), and very low occurrence of Positive reactions (4.28%). In order to verify if there were significant differences between the vessels and behavioral reactions, X2 was used, assuming pvalue <0.05 (df 2). It was observed that the Neutral reactions have a differential effect in relation to the other reactions for the types of vessels. Neutral reactions were predominant and could be interpreted as a process of habituation or learning. Or even energy-saving. This energy could be used in foraging activities, since the possible decrease of essential species in their diet will cause a bigger effort to catch prey than avoid potential impacts. / Ao longo dos habitats costeiros, o boto-cinza, Sotalia guianensis, est? sujeito a a??es antropog?nicas que amea?am a sua conserva??o, especialmente a pesca e o tr?fego de embarca??es. A Ba?a de Sepetiba parece oferecer um habitat de qualidade, uma vez que os botos s?o abundantes e encontrados o ano todo. Com o crescente avan?o de empreendimentos na Ba?a de Sepetiba, em h? um aumento no fluxo de embarca??es de grande porte, que consequentemente transporta diversos tipos de cargas, sendo algumas nocivas ao meio ambiente e diretamente perigosas para os botos. Esse tr?fego intenso na Ba?a de Sepetiba, local utilizado pelos botos para alimenta??o, forrageamento e reprodu??o, pode gerar respostas comportamentais negativas por parte dos botos, fazendo com que se afastem ou mudem sua afinidade pelo local. Sendo assim a partir de um ponto fixo, durante o per?odo de um ano (Julho/2015 a Agosto/2016), avistagens foram realizadas com o objetivo de avaliar se as diferentes embarca??es geram impactos sobre o comportamento da popula??o de boto-cinza da Ba?a de Sepetiba. A avalia??o se deu a partir da classifica??o da rea??o comportamental em Negativa, Neutra e Positiva, em intera??es com dist?ncias entre os objetos de estudo de no m?ximo 500m. O estudo teve um total de 288 h de esfor?o amostral, dentre as quais os meses que apresentaram mais intera??es foram Jan/16 com 14,90% (n=11), Jul/15 com 13,51% (n=10), Mar/16 e Abr/16 com 12,16% (n=9). As intera??es ocorreram em sua maioria durante o per?odo de 10 ?s 11 hrs (32,43%), 9 ?s 10 hrs (24,32%) e 11 ?s 12 hrs (24,32%), e todas se deram fora do canal dragado. Os grupos, no geral, foram de pequeno porte. A presen?a de filhotes acompanhando o grupo tamb?m foi baixa, somente 12 (6,86%) indiv?duos. As embarca??es que mais interagiram com os botos, foram: Lanchas (79,73%) e Traineiras (18,92%), somente um Navio (1,35%). O Forrageamento (57,30%) e o Deslocamento (42,70%) foram as atividades mais realizadas, e as rea??es comportamentais de maior frequ?ncia foram a Neutra (71,43%), seguido da Negativa (24%) e Positiva (4,28%). Para verificar se houve diferen?as significativas entre as embarca??es e rea??es comportamentais foi utilizado o X2, assumindo valor de signific?ncia p<0.05, foi constatado que as rea??es neutras t?m um efeito predominante em rela??o ?s outras rea??es para os tipos de embarca??es. As rea??es neutras foram predominantes podendo ser interpretadas como um processo de habitua??o ou aprendizagem. Ou at? mesmo de economia de energia. Essa energia poderia ser utilizada em atividades de forrageamento, j? que a poss?vel escassez de esp?cies essenciais em sua dieta fa?a com que os botos se esfor?em mais para capturar presas do que se afastar dos poss?veis impactos