The ability to implement strategies successfully is important to any organisation. Despite the importance of the implementation process within strategic management, this is an area of study often overshadowed by a focus on the strategy formulation process. This thesis concentrates on the strategy implementation process, investigating barriers to strategy implementation. A research framework called the Organisational Minefield was developed to represent the importance of the implementation process to organisations. In contrary to most studies available in strategic management, this research included participants from all levels of the organisation.To identify barriers to strategy implementation, a case study of Air New Zealand was conducted. This involved focussed interviews with 28 participants from the Network and Revenue Management Department of Air New Zealand. Other sources of data such as research articles and secondary company data sources were also used.The findings revealed that: participants from different levels of the organisation have unique perceptions of the implementation process; implementation variables could become roadblocks that undermine the implementation process; these barriers can be overcome if managers are perceptive to the organisation's current situation; and the Organisational Minefield framework presented verified the significance of the role of barriers in the implementation process. The findings add two additional barriers to implementation, namely leadership and power. It was also discovered that the participants acknowledged that these two barriers will impede or enhance the success of Air New Zealand. This was backed by the level of commitment and loyalty shown by the participants, which brought Air New Zealand one step closer to unravelling the mysteries of the implementation process.

The ability to implement strategies successfully is important to any organisation. Despite the importance of the implementation process within strategic management, this is an area of study often overshadowed by a focus on the strategy formulation process. This thesis concentrates on the strategy implementation process, investigating barriers to strategy implementation. A research framework called the Organisational Minefield was developed to represent the importance of the implementation process to organisations. In contrary to most studies available in strategic management, this research included participants from all levels of the organisation.To identify barriers to strategy implementation, a case study of Air New Zealand was conducted. This involved focussed interviews with 28 participants from the Network and Revenue Management Department of Air New Zealand. Other sources of data such as research articles and secondary company data sources were also used.The findings revealed that: participants from different levels of the organisation have unique perceptions of the implementation process; implementation variables could become roadblocks that undermine the implementation process; these barriers can be overcome if managers are perceptive to the organisation's current situation; and the Organisational Minefield framework presented verified the significance of the role of barriers in the implementation process. The findings add two additional barriers to implementation, namely leadership and power. It was also discovered that the participants acknowledged that these two barriers will impede or enhance the success of Air New Zealand. This was backed by the level of commitment and loyalty shown by the participants, which brought Air New Zealand one step closer to unravelling the mysteries of the implementation process.

ABSTRACT In an effort to meet students' arts education needs, the New York City Department of Education (NYCDOE) collaborated with various community organizations to develop the Blueprint for Teaching and Learning in the Arts in 2004. In 2008, the NYCDOE updated the music portion with a publication known as the Blueprint for Teaching and Learning in Music PreK-12. After designing the new "Standards and curriculum guide" with the intention of changing arts education in New York City public schools, the NYCDOE organized various professional development workshops to prepare music teachers. Although the responsibility of music teachers was obvious, the role of assistant principals, who evaluate the performance of music teachers, was not apparent. In this study, I employed questionnaire, interview, observation, and document analysis as data gathering instruments to investigate the implementation and supervision of the music education portion of The Blueprint standards. I used a collective case study approach to conduct the study in the public high schools of New York City in light of the changing conditions of education in the NYCDOE. I found that in the New York City public high schools, not every music educators was familiar with The Blueprint, and the NYCDOE did not make its implementation mandatory to all music educators. Implementation of The Blueprint depended on individual teachers' choice. Because the NYCDOE did not train music supervisors how to supervise and evaluate the implementation of The Blueprint, they did not use the criteria from The Blueprint to evaluate music teachers. Data from classroom observation of music teachers indicated that they were implementing some of The Blueprint's strands. Music educators that were apprehensive about using The Blueprint believed that their established method of teaching music was sufficient, and that the NYCDOE does not always follow through with its policies. Administrative support and resources were not significant barriers except in one case, but time was an obstacle to the implementation of The Blueprint, especially the rehearsal time. Time for other subjects took precedence over music.

This qualitative, exploratory study aims to understand how grade three educators in Limpopo, South Africa, approach the curriculum implementation. The study recognizes the National Curriculum Statements (NCS) as the core curriculum guideline for basic education in South Africa and that the Curriculum and Assessment Policy (CAPS) offers practical implementation guidelines and directives to the NCS. Triangulated data collection techniques, involving interviews, classroom observations and document analysis, were employed to gather information. In an effort to understand the daily realities educators experience in their implementation of curriculum changes, Rogan and Grayson?s (2003) theory of curriculum implementation was applied to nine case studies. The Atlas.ti software package was used to analyse data. The analysis of data revealed that inconsistencies existed between the optimistic? view of the Department of Education to improve curriculum implementation despite continuously changing the curriculum, and the pessimistic? scenario where educators consistently speak of obstacles to curriculum implementation. The main findings of the study show that CAPS implementation is hampered by inadequate training of teachers, poor understanding of curriculum reforms, poor involvement of educators in the curriculum development processes, poor resources and work overload. The study argues for the necessity to stabilize curriculum changes given the associated implementation challenges of policy overload within the South African education system. The study further shows that in the highly politicized education context of South Africa, curriculum implementation takes a back seat to institutional political machinations. / Dissertation (MEd)--University of Pretoria, 2016. / Education Management and Policy Studies / MEd / Unrestricted

The 2015 refugee crisis clearly highlighted that the European asylum system is flawed and triggered a heated discussion on the functioning and appropriateness of the Dublin Regulation. The present research tries to account for differences in the implementation of the Dublin regime from its coming into force in 1997 until today, by testing the three possibly influencing factors 'misfit', administrative capacity and overall situation for Germany, Hungary and Italy. The comparative case study first ascertains that Germany implements the obligations to a medium to high degree, while Hungary presents a low and Italy a medium-low implementation record. The analysis of the single variables shows that the higher the compatibility between the national and the European asylum system at the moment of adhering to the Dublin system, the more diligently a country implements it. While no clear claims can be made if and how the administrative capacity of a state affects implementation, the economic situation does have an impact in the sense that a stronger overall state of the economy appears to have positive effects on implementation. The research is part of the general research framework of Europeanization and contributes to the scholarship on implementation. By shedding light on the factors leading to...

Cette thèse porte sur les problèmes algorithmiques qui apparaissent lorsque l'on souhaite mettre en œuvre un cryptosystème basé sur un code correcteur d'erreur ou bien une cryptanalyse d'un tel système. L'intérêt de ces système provient de leur excellente complexité algorithmique, meilleure de plusieurs ordres de grandeurs en termes de complexité que les schémas à clé publique traditionnels. Ils fournissent également une alternative crédible aux systèmes actuels qui pour la plupart se repose sur la théorie des nombres et sur le problème de la factorisation et celui du logarithme discret. Outre l'absence de preuve mathématique de la réelle difficulté de ces problèmes, P. Shor a montré que ces deux problèmes pouvaient être résolus en temps polynomial dans le modèle de l’ordinateur quantique. Cet ordinateur quantique est encore loin d'être fonctionnel mais il faudra, le jour venu, disposer d'alternatives de confiance et disposant de mises en œuvre performantes. / This thesis is about algorithmic problems arising when someone wants to implement a cryptosystem based on error correcting codes or a cryptanalysis of such a system. The benefits of these systems come from their excellent algorithmic complexity, better of several orders than the classical public key schemes. They also bring a credible alternative to the current systems that for most of them rely on number theory and on the problems of factorisation and discrete logarithm. P.Shor showed that these two problems could be solved in polynomial time in the quantum computer model. This computer is far from being operational but we will need alternatives we can trust and that have efficient implementations.

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Yes / Implementation and uptake of novel and cost-effective medicines can improve patient health outcomes and healthcare efficiency. However, the uptake of new medicines into practice faces a wide range of obstacles. Earlier reviews provided insights into determinants for new medicine uptake (such as medicine, prescriber, patient, organization, and external environment factors). However, the methodological approaches used had limitations (e.g., single author, narrative review, narrow search, no quality assessment of reviewed evidence). This systematic review aims to identify barriers and facilitators affecting the uptake of new medicines into clinical practice and identify areas for future research. A systematic search of literature was undertaken within seven databases: Medline, EMBASE, Web of Science, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, SCOPUS, and PsychINFO. Included in the review were qualitative, quantitative, and mixed-methods studies focused on adult participants (18 years and older) requiring or taking new medicine(s) for any condition, in the context of healthcare organizations and which identified factors affecting the uptake of new medicines. The methodological quality was assessed using QATSDD tool. A narrative synthesis of reported factors was conducted using framework analysis and a conceptual framework was utilised to group them. A total of 66 studies were included. Most studies (n = 62) were quantitative and used secondary data (n = 46) from various databases, e.g., insurance databases. The identified factors had a varied impact on the uptake of the different studied new medicines. Differently from earlier reviews, patient factors (patient education, engagement with treatment, therapy preferences), cost of new medicine, reimbursement and formulary conditions, and guidelines were suggested to influence the uptake. Also, the review highlighted that health economics, wider organizational factors, and underlying behaviours of adopters were not or under explored. This systematic review has identified a broad range of factors affecting the uptake of new medicines within healthcare organizations, which were grouped into patient, prescriber, medicine, organizational, and external environment factors. This systematic review also identifies additional factors affecting new medicine use not reported in earlier reviews, which included patient influence and education level, cost of new medicines, formulary and reimbursement restrictions, and guidelines. PROSPERO database (CRD42018108536). / This work presents research funded by the Pharmacy Research UK (grant reference: PRUK-2018-GA-1-KM) and Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust.

The study presents a normative framework for the Additive Manufacturing (AM) implementation process in the UK manufacturing sector. The motivations for the study include the lack of socio-technical studies on the AM implementation process and the need for existing and potential future project managers to have an implementation model to guide their efforts in implementing these relatively new and potentially disruptive technologies. The study has been conducted through case research with the primary data collected through the in-depth semi-structured interviews with AM project managers. Seven case studies were conducted representing AM implementation practice at different stages of the implementation cycle. The first stage involved a pilot study at a post-implementer to identify the main areas of interest for AM implementation research. The second involved a wider study of AM implementers at the post-implementation stage with cross case analysis of implementation practice. The final stage involved an investigation into pre-implementation of AM, applying the proposed framework in three companies yet to fully implement AM as a production method. Contribution towards the existing body of literature was in the form of a normative framework for AM implementation in a variety of industrial sectors. The framework describes the main activities in the implementation process and supports a taxonomy of implementers.

Titel: Hållbarhetsredovisning-Implementeringsproblematik kring GRI G4 Nivå: C-uppsats i ämnet företagsekonomi Författare: Annelie Backlund och Urban Molander Examinator: Tom Karlsson Handledare: Ola Nilsson Instutition: Ekonomihögskolan vid Linnéuniversitetet Kurs: Examensarbete i företagsekonomi 15hp Syfte: Studiens syfte är att uppnå en fördjupad förståelse kring problematiken rörande implementeringsprocessen vid implementering av hållbarhetsredovisning enligt GRI:s G4 riktlinjer. Metod: För studien valdes en deduktiv ansats av kvalitativ karaktär. En fallstudie av ett företag inom byggsektorn har utförts i form av intervjuer. Analysen gjordes utifrån tre kriterier sammansatta i en modell för att studera en implementeringsprocess. Resultat och slutsats: Ur Top-Down perspektivet anses GRI:s riktlinjer inte tillräckligt tydliga samt svåra att ta till sig och tolkningen anses som nödvändigt för att riktlinjerna ska fungera i verksamheten. Det fanns inte tillräckligt med resurser främst i form av tid och tidigare redovisningssystem var för dåliga vilket ledde till att det inte gick att rapportera alla utvalda indikatorer. Organisationen som helhet var inte delaktiga vid implementeringen vilket påverkade processen negativt. Ur Bottom-Up perspektivet anses GRI:s riktlinjer som överlag tydliga. Tolkningen var svår att utföra men utfördes för att kunna applicera riktlinjerna i verksamheten. Det är nödvändigt med tillräckliga resurser vilket upplevdes som en brist då det främst var ont om tid. Det saknades tillräckligt bra informationsdatasystem vilket påverkade implementeringsprocessen negativt och framförallt behövdes det fler individer delaktiga i processen. Uppsatsens bidrag: Studiens bidrar med ytterligare en dimension kring implementering av hållbarhetsredovisning utifrån två olika perspektiv. Detta kompletterar litteraturen och ger praktiska implikationer genom att lyfta fram problematiken vilket är av intresse för de företag som ska implementera GRI G4 i sin verksamhet. Detta är särskilt aktuellt i och med det nya EU-direktivet om att företag av en viss storlek måste hållbarhetsredovisa samt att GRI:s tidigare versioner ersatts av den nu aktuella G4. Förslag till fortsatt forskning: Med tanke på det resultat som framkommit i vår studie gällande att det var för få involverade i processen med att implementera och arbeta med hållbarhetsredovisning har vi som förslag till vidare forskning att titta på hur involverade olika funktioner inom organisationer är i hållbarhetsredovisningen. Det skulle även vara intressant att undersöka om implementeringsprocessen skiljer sig från bransch till bransch och att göra en studie med ett ett större antal fallföretag. Nyckelord: Sustainability, Implementation, GRI, CSR, Construction / Title: Sustainability Reporting – Implementation difficulty aspects with GRI G4 Level: G2E, Bachelor thesis in Business and Administration Authors: Annelie Backlund and Urban Molander Examinator: Tom Karlsson Tutor: Ola Nilsson Institution: School of Business and Economics at Linnaeus University Course: 16VT-2FE93E-Degree Project in Business Administration (Bachelor) Purpose: The purpose of the study was to gain a deeper understanding about occuring problems during the implementation process of sustainability reporting in accordance with GRI G4. Method: A qualitative, deductive approach was outlined for the thesis. A case study on a company within the construction industry was performed, and semi structured interviews was performed. The material was subjected to analysis utilizing a implementation matrix consisting of three criterias in a model designed to study the implementation process. Results and Conclusion: According to the Top-Down perspective, the GRI guidelines are considered a bit unclear and difficult to adjust to, which leads to the necessity to interpret the guidelines to make it work in practice. There was not enough resources, especially time, allocated and the information data system at hand was not adequate enough to manage all the data needed for the choosen indicators. The organisation as a whole was not fully engaged during the implementation, which negatively affected the process. According to the Bottom-Up perspective, the GRI guidelines are over all clear. Interpretations of the guidelines were difficult to manage, but necessary in order to be able to gain applicability throughout the organisation. The necessity of sufficient resources allocated suffered from the lack of time out in the organisation. The lack of updated information data system had a negative impact on the implementation process, and above all more people needed to take part in the process. Contribution: The study contributes with an additional dimension, from the two perspectives point of view, for the implementation of sustainability reporting. This add insights to the litterature and give practical notions by high-lighting implementation issues, which companies about to implement GRI G4 in their reporting could benefit from. This is currently on the agenda since the EU directive that will force companies above a certain size to perform sustainability reporting will be ratified later this year. It is also of interest since all sustainability reports following GRI guidelines needs to follow the current G4 version from now on. Suggestion for further studies: With the results that have emerged from our study in mind, too few involved in the implementation process and the practical work with the sustainability reporting, we suggest that future studies could cover how involved different departments are when it comes to sustainability reporting. It would also be of interest to study if the implementation process differs between different industries, as well as widen the horizon with a study covering more companies and case studies. Keywords: Sustainability, Implementation, GRI, CSR, Construction