Thesis--Gothenburg. / Summary in English. Includes bibliographical references (p. 58-60).

Thesis--Göteborgs högskola. / Errata : p. [ix]. Includes bibliographical references (p. [iii]-vi).

Diss. Stockholm Univ., 2007.

Disputats, Göteborg 2006. / Härtill 5 uppsatser. Med sammanfattning på svenska.

The interest in birds has had a rapid increase since the 1800 century. Nowadays the interest is especially big in the US and UK. The aim of this study was to see if the interest in birds followed the same pattern here in Sweden, as well as to see why people get interested in birds to begin with. To answer the purposes of the study, questionnaires were handed out to people in the age of ten and older. Along with to see how many people were interested in birds, the purpose of the questionnaire was to see whom is interested in birds and if birds had any special meaning to the participants. The study indicated that the interest followed the same path here in Sweden as in the US and UK. Women were more interested in birds than men and the interest increased with age. The average bird enthusiast was a woman between 45 and 54 years old. However one can’t wholly tell why people are interested in birds, since the interest in birds lies within the people themselves. One can though say that birds and birding have physical and psychological health benefits, which could be a reason for their allure.

No description available.

The purpose of this study is to examine political crimes in and women’s political activity in 18th century Sweden. The cases of political crimes which has been used range from 1700- 1789 and they form an outline of the patterns of political crime in this century. These cases contain different types of political crimes, but most common ar defamation of the royal family, defamatory writings, rumor-spreading and treason. To study women’s political activity, seven cases ranging from 1749 to 1758 have been more closely studied. All of these cases belong to the category defamation of the royal family. The study has shown that the frequency of cases of political crime fluctuates and incidents are most common between 1740 to 1759. Furhtermore different kind of crimes are more common in different periods of time. Treason is most common between 1710 and 1714 and cases of rumor-spreading only exist between 1740 and 1759. Few cases of these crimes being commited by women have been found, in only 19 out of 426 cases is the perpetrator a woman. These cases show that the demfamatory words whih are used depend on who they are used towards. The king is criticized for his politics, whereas the queen’s character is insulted. The study has also shown that there is no evidence that it was considered odd for women to commit these crimes, which can be connected to the different view on gender in early modern times.Keywords: Gender, Politics, Political crimes, treason, defamatory words, royal family, 18th century, Sweden.

Underwriters evaluate the optimum price of IPO issued shares and conduct underpricing based on a higher degree of risk and information asymmetry. These are calculated under a series of determined risk proxies that adjust the most suitable offering and opening price of IPOs in both main and second tier markets.   Quantitative results are obtained by regression analysis and t-test. It is verified that the degree of underpricing differs between main and second tier markets and this difference influences the risk proxies and the underwriters differently when evaluating the optimum price of IPOs.   This study performs a comparison of eight risk proxies; market volatility, age of the firm, leverage book value, earnings per share, bank prestige, leverage and IPO activity between the OMX as representative of the main market and Aktietorget as representative of the second tier market. The comparison reveals how these risk proxies influence the underpricing of an IPO in different Swedish stock markets.   A theoretical analysis, backed by 101 observations of several newly listed IPOs during the period from 2003 to 2013 indicates that IPOs in the secondary tier market are more underpriced than IPOs listed in the primary market. Regarding the influences from the variables, book value and market volatilities seem to have a strong influence on the degree of underpricing, in addition to the finding that there is no relation between the independent variables and underpricing of IPOs listed in the Aktietorget, it suggests that further research must be conducted in this area.

No description available.

No description available.