A Espectroscopia por Ressonância Magnética Nuclear (RMN) tem oferecido inúmeras possibilidades de pesquisa nas áreas de Biologia e Medicina. Uma de sus principais aplicações é a Espectroscopia in vivo do 31P no estudo da fisiologia de músculos esqueléticos. A partir desta metodologia pode-se quantificar as concentrações dos diferentes metabólitos fosforados que participam do metabolismo energético dos músculos, bem como suas alterações em função de contrações musculares. Com o objetivo de implantar a técnica de Espectroscopia in vivo no Laboratório de RMN do IFSC/USP, introduzimos várias adaptações ao Espectrômetro de Alta Resolução em Sólidos já existentes, incluindo a confecção de sondas . A partir desta adaptação, estudamos as alterações metabólicas dos compostos fosforados presentes em músculos esqueléticos, bem como o pH intraceleular, de ratos e camundongos em função de estímulos elétricos e exercício físico intenso. / The Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy has been offering many possibilities of research in the areas of Biology and Medicine. One of the most important applications is the 31P in vivo Spectroscopy to study the skeletal muscle physiology. Using this methodology, it is possible to quantify different phosphorus metabolite concentrations that take part of the muscle energetic metabolism, as their variations as a function of muscle contraction. To accomplish the objective of developing the in vivo spectroscopy technique in the NMR laboratory of the IFSC/USP, many modifications to our Solid High Resolution Spectrometer were introduced and probes were constructed. Following these changes, we studied phosphorus compounds metabolic changes in the skeletal muscle and the intracellular pH of rats and mice as a function of electric stimulation and intensive running exercise.

A Espectroscopia por Ressonância Magnética Nuclear (RMN) tem oferecido inúmeras possibilidades de pesquisa nas áreas de Biologia e Medicina. Uma de sus principais aplicações é a Espectroscopia in vivo do 31P no estudo da fisiologia de músculos esqueléticos. A partir desta metodologia pode-se quantificar as concentrações dos diferentes metabólitos fosforados que participam do metabolismo energético dos músculos, bem como suas alterações em função de contrações musculares. Com o objetivo de implantar a técnica de Espectroscopia in vivo no Laboratório de RMN do IFSC/USP, introduzimos várias adaptações ao Espectrômetro de Alta Resolução em Sólidos já existentes, incluindo a confecção de sondas . A partir desta adaptação, estudamos as alterações metabólicas dos compostos fosforados presentes em músculos esqueléticos, bem como o pH intraceleular, de ratos e camundongos em função de estímulos elétricos e exercício físico intenso. / The Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy has been offering many possibilities of research in the areas of Biology and Medicine. One of the most important applications is the 31P in vivo Spectroscopy to study the skeletal muscle physiology. Using this methodology, it is possible to quantify different phosphorus metabolite concentrations that take part of the muscle energetic metabolism, as their variations as a function of muscle contraction. To accomplish the objective of developing the in vivo spectroscopy technique in the NMR laboratory of the IFSC/USP, many modifications to our Solid High Resolution Spectrometer were introduced and probes were constructed. Following these changes, we studied phosphorus compounds metabolic changes in the skeletal muscle and the intracellular pH of rats and mice as a function of electric stimulation and intensive running exercise.

L’incidence des cancers cutanés est en constante progression. Leur diagnostic précoce et leur caractérisation in vivo constituent donc un enjeu important. Une approche multimodale et non invasive en spectroscopie fibrée résolue spatialement a été implémentée. L’instrumentation développée permet des mesures co-localisées en multiple excitation d’AutoFluorescence (AF, 7 pics entre 360 et 430 nm) et en Réflectance Diffuse (RD, 390 à 720 nm) résolues spatialement à 5 distances inter-fibres (entre 271 et 1341 µm). Le protocole expérimental a porté sur les stades précoces de cancers cutanés UV-induits sur un modèle pré-clinique. L’analyse histopathologique a permis de définir 4 classes de référence de tissus cutanés : Sain (S), Hyperplasie Compensatoire (HC), Hyperplasie Atypique (HA) et Dysplasie (D), menant à 6 combinaisons de paires histologiques à discriminer. Suite au prétraitement des spectres bruts acquis, puis à l’extraction, la sélection et la réduction de jeux de caractéristiques spectroscopiques, les performances de trois algorithmes de classification supervisée ont été comparées : k-Plus Proches Voisins, Analyse Discriminante Linéaire et Machine à Vecteur de Support. Différentes modalités ont également été évaluées : mono-excitation d’AF seule, Matrices d’Excitation-Emission en AF seules (EEMs), RD seule, couplage EEMs – RD et couplage EEMs – RD résolue spatialement. L’efficacité finale de notre méthode diagnostique a été évaluée en termes de sensibilité (Se) et de spécificité (Sp). Les meilleures résultats obtenus sont : Se et Sp ≈ 100% pour discriminer HC vs autres ; Sp ≈ 100% et Se > 95% pour discriminer S vs HA ou D ; Sp ≈ 74% et Se ≈ 63% pour HA vs D / The incidence of skin cancers is steadily increasing. Their in vivo early diagnosis and characterization is an important issue. An approach noninvasive: the spatially resolved multi-modality spectroscopy has been implemented. The instrumentation developed allows to co-localized measures in multiple AutoFluorescence excitation (AF, 7 peaks between 360 and 430 nm) and Diffuse Reflectance (DR, 390 to 720 nm) spatially resolved at 5 inter-fiber distances (between 271 and 1341 μm). The experimental protocol was focused on the early stages of skin cancer UV-induced in a preclinical model. Four reference classes were defined based on the histopathological analysis of the skin samples: Healthy (H), Compensatory Hyperplasia (CH), Atypical Hyperplasia (AH) and Dysplasia (D), leading to 6 combinations of class pairs to be discriminated. After preprocessing of the raw spectra, extraction, selection and reduction of the most discriminative spectroscopic data set were performed. Then, the efficacy of three supervised classification algorithms was compared: k-Nearest Neighbors, Linear Discriminant Analysis and Support Vector Machine. The contribution of the different modalities was also evaluated: single AF excitation alone, Excitation-Emission Matrices AF (EEMs) alone, DR alone, coupling of EEMs and RD, coupling of EEMs and DR with spatial resolution. The final efficiency of our diagnostic method was evaluated in terms of sensitivity (Se) and specificity (Sp). The best results obtained are: Se and Sp ≈ 100% for discriminating CH vs others; Sp ≈ 100% and Se> 95% for discriminating AH or D vs H; Sp ≈ 74% and Se ≈ 63% to discriminate AH vs D

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