国立情報学研究所で電子化したコンテンツを使用している。

国立情報学研究所で電子化したコンテンツを使用している。

国立情報学研究所で電子化したコンテンツを使用している。

East Asian countries have achieved high levels of mathematics competency. This study investigated classroom activities of East Asian countries based on the idea that different learning experiences lead to gaps in academic outcomes. The main purposes of this study were: (1) to identify the features of classroom activities in the four East Asian countries of Chinese Taipei, Hong Kong, Japan, and South Korea and the two non-Asian countries of Hungary and England, (2) to determine whether or not there are predominant features of classroom activities shared in East Asia, and (3) to verify whether or not the perceptions of classroom activities between teachers and students are consistent with each other. The data was gathered from the Student Questionnaire and the Teacher Questionnaire in TIMSS 2007. Descriptive statistics and Pearson's chi-square tests were employed to examine classroom activities in the six countries. The results indicated that, compared to traditional mathematics activities, the activities related to reform mathematics were not more likely to be deemphasized in each East Asian country. Also, with respect to reformed mathematics activities, all East Asian countries did not necessarily emphasize them less than the two non-Asian countries. Furthermore, in the frequencies of all ten activities, statistically significant differences existed between all six countries as well as within the East Asian countries. Lastly, it was found that in numerous instances, there were differences in perceptions of classroom activities between teachers and students within a country. Based on the findings, this study suggested not to regard educational practice in East Asia as traditional and to over-simplify it by the label 'East Asian style.' However, further studies are needed on various aspects of classroom practice, except for classroom activities, in East Asia. In addition, this study argued that both the views of students and teachers should be considered together in the study for educational practice. Moreover, it is suggested that future studies investigate the relationships of discrepancies between teachers and students with students' learning and achievement.

The literature indicates that children are highly influenced by product packaging and that it is the packaging that will make the product stand out from the crowd and hopefully making a sale. There have been a number of valuable studies offering practitioners principles and guidelines on how to enhance package design for products that target children; however the extent to which practitioners adhere to the principles proposed by academics has had limited attention. This study is therefore aimed at examining the degree to which practitioners implement current knowledge relating to the principles of package design in the context of packages designed to attract children, while simultaneously assessing the relationship between package design and brand performance. An extensive secondary research of the literature has been made to establish a list of criterion for package design for children elements assessment. At the same time, attempts have been made to gather brand performance data. Product samples have been collected from major supermarkets in New Zealand and then analysed against the criterion using the principle of content analysis. The result generated by this study shows that practitioners are mostly adhering to the principles of children’s package design established by academic research. However, the relationship between brand performance and package design was not established in this study.

The literature indicates that children are highly influenced by product packaging and that it is the packaging that will make the product stand out from the crowd and hopefully making a sale. There have been a number of valuable studies offering practitioners principles and guidelines on how to enhance package design for products that target children; however the extent to which practitioners adhere to the principles proposed by academics has had limited attention. This study is therefore aimed at examining the degree to which practitioners implement current knowledge relating to the principles of package design in the context of packages designed to attract children, while simultaneously assessing the relationship between package design and brand performance. An extensive secondary research of the literature has been made to establish a list of criterion for package design for children elements assessment. At the same time, attempts have been made to gather brand performance data. Product samples have been collected from major supermarkets in New Zealand and then analysed against the criterion using the principle of content analysis. The result generated by this study shows that practitioners are mostly adhering to the principles of children’s package design established by academic research. However, the relationship between brand performance and package design was not established in this study.

Thesis (Th. M.)--Grace Theological Seminary, 1986. / Abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 97-104).

Background Literature supports a relationship between low income status and poor diabetes control. However this relationship has not been assessed in Botswana. Aim To determine the relationship between socio-economic status and diabetes control in patients presenting to PMH. Objectives To measure the degree of glycaemic control; to determine the relationship between glycaemic control and monthly income as well as between glycaemic control and lifestyle modification factors;to describe the relationship between glycaemic control and core social welfare indicators. Methods A cross-sectional study, conducted over a 3 months in Gaborone, The questionnaire assessed self-care activities, monthly household earnings and core social welfare indicators among diabetes patients attending PMH. A total of 240 patients were randomly selected to complete the questionnaire. Routine HbA1c values were studied alongside questionnaire responses. Results A total of 58 (24%) participants with HbA1c between 4.0%-7.0% were well controlled, 96 (40%) of participants were poorly controlled (7.1%-9.0%) and 86 (36%) in the very poorly controlled category with HbA1c >9.0%. Of the well-controlled category, 59% lived on a monthly income between P0- P5000(the lowest income bracket). Only 3% participants in this category earned above P20000 monthly (the highest income bracket). Of the 40% poorly controlled participants, 69% fell in the lowest income bracket. No participants in this poorly controlled category earned above P20000 monthly. There were 40% participants in the very poorly controlled category. Of these, 63% earned between P0 - P5000. Only 2 participants with HbA1c values of 9.1 earned above P20000. Conclusion In this study high HbA1c percentages were associated with low monthly income levels and low scores in lifestyle modification factors. Participants with poor access to core welfare indicators also had poor glycaemic control. This study suggests that poor socio-economic status is directly related to poor glycaemic control in patients attending PMH diabetes clinic.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Esta pesquisa analisa Berlin Alexanderplatz (1929), de Alfred Döblin, e Fontamara (1933), de Ignazio Silone, baseada nas novas concepções sobre o Bildungsroman, ou romance de formação, estabelecidas pelos olhares atualizadores de teóricos do século XX. O Bildungsroman, modalidade narrativa surgida no século XVIII, cuja obra paradigma é Os anos de aprendizado de Wilhelm Meister, de Johann Wolfgang Von Goethe, ressalta o desenvolvimento humano, seu processo de amadurecimento e conscientização ao longo de sua trajetória existencial. Os corpora desta dissertação são romances escritos no período conflituoso do entreguerras, cujo enredo destaca a luta interior e exterior das personagens em sobreviver àquele período e a consequente tomada de consciência adquirida neste percurso. O périplo metafórico vivenciado pelos protagonistas, de Fontamara, Berardo Viola, e de Berlin Alexanderplatz, Franz Biberkopf, tem como consequência uma nova consciência política, para o primeiro protagonista, e uma nova consciência social, para o segundo. O caminho formativo dos protagonistas constitui-se de maneira diversa. O objetivo deste estudo é, portanto, analisar como se realiza o processo de formação de Berardo Viola e Franz Biberkopf, apontando identidades e diferenças entre os dois processos, e, por fim, apontando como tais romances podem atualizar o conceito de Bildungsroman na história literária / This research studies Berlin Alexanderplatz (1929), of Alfred Döblin, and Fontamara, of Ignazio Silone, based on new conceptions of the Bildungsroman, or novel of formation, established by the looks updaters theorists of the twentieth century. The Bildungsroman, the narrative form that emerged in the eighteenth century, whose work paradigm is Wilhelm Meister's Apprenticeship (1795-1976) , of Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, emphasizes human development, the process of maturity and awareness along the path of existencial character. The corpora of this work are novels written in the interwar period conflicted, whose plot highlights the struggle within and outside of the characters to survive that period and the consequent awareness gained in this way. The metaphorical journey experienced by the protagonists of Fontamara, Berardo Viola, and Berlin Alexanderplatz, Franz Biberkopf, leads a new political consciousness for the first protagonist, and a new social conscience, for the second. The path of formation oh the protagonist is constituted differently. The aim of this study is there fore to analyze how is the process of forming Berardo Viola and Franz Biberkopf, pointing identities and diferences between the two processes and finally pointing out how such novels can update the concept of Bildungsroman in literary history

I evaluated the potential for interspecific competition for forage between elk (Cervus elaphus) and bison (Bison bison) in the 265.5-ha Elk & Bison Prairie enclosure at Land Between The Lakes National Recreation Area in western Kentucky. I studied diet composition of elk and bison based on microhistological analysis of fecal samples collected monthly for 36 months from September 1996 through August 1999. Elk diet was more variable than that of bison, but no significant seasonal differences in diet composition were found for either species throughout the study. As expected, elk and bison differed significantly in their feeding habits. As seen in studies of wild sympatric populations, bison consumed more graminoids, less browse and fewer forbs than did elk, regardless of season. Dietary overlap varied considerably, but with little apparent seasonal pattern. Overlap did not consistently increase during winter, when quantity and quality of available forage might be reduced. Competition between elk and bison for available forage may have been alleviated by supplemental feeding and the ability of elk to adapt to alternative forages.