Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / This study looked at the time period of June through mid-October, 2013, based on the results of earlier studies that the strongest correlation between the PM2.5 and AOD data sets occurs during the summer and fall. Terra satellite data was used in this study due to availability of images for the geographic area of the state of Indiana during the time period of the study. PM2.5 measurements from 12 IDEM continuous monitoring sites, which were collected at noon local time, were compared with MODIS AOD data. Despite the limitations of useful data and smaller data sets, this study shows encouraging results, and illustrates that there is a relationship between remotely sensed MODIS AOD data and fine particulate matter (PM2.5) data collected from ground sensors within the geographic region of the state of Indiana. It is believed that this topic should be studied further and expanded upon.

Doctoral thesis is dealing with the methods for analysis of surfaces by photoelectrons being emitted by X-ray radiation. The methods are: X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy - XPS, Angle-resolved XPS - ARXPS and X-ray Photoelectron Diffraction - XPD. The work is especially focused on a method of ARXPS, which is used for the depth compositional analysis of sample surfaces. To obtain an information about the depth composition from the measured ARXPS spectra, a calculation software in the Matlab environment has been developed. The software has been tested both for simulated and real sample data. For an experimental implementation of these methods, a complete manipulation system has been developed. It ensures the transport of samples inside a vacuum apparatus and the experiment itself. The system is controlled mainly by a software and enables to run the experiments automatically.

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Student Number : 9700136A - PhD thesis - School of Civil and Environmental Engineering - Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment / A sediment budget model in which each steady discharge scours sediment along a trajectory towards ultimate target storage or deposits sediment towards the same ultimate target storage has been conceptualized and developed. The method is aimed at routing sediment in morphologically diverse bedrock-controlled channels in which sediment transport and storage is not a continuous process in space and time and mostly occurs in response to discrete discharges. The relative value of the ultimate stable scour depth (Huss) for each steady discharge with respect to the current scour depth after adding sediment supply determines the potential to scour or store sediment. Scour depths measured at discrete locations along the longitudinal profile of a laboratory pool at discrete times until changes in scour were not discernible for each steady discharge and sediment size have been integrated to provide the Huss and storage depletion curve. The experimentally established dependence of scour depth on critical flow depth, settling velocity and sediment supply formed the basis of generating dimensionless Huss and storage depletion curve from these parameters using the Buckingham π theorem. The optimization of experimental results to generate the storage depletion curve gave the exponent of time (φ) and the exponential decay factor (k) as 0.5 and 0.0040207 respectively. Regression fit of dimensionless Huss and critical flow intensity gave a linear relationship with a gradient of 0.90214, y-intercept of –1.4766 and R2 of 96%. The suitability of the model for budgeting sediment dynamics in a series of connected storage units, the validity of using the relative values of Huss and the current scour depth after adding sediment supply to determine scour potential and the existence of active storage associated with sediment supply for each steady discharge have been confirmed experimentally. Modelling with equivalent steady discharges computed from unit stream power principles on the rising and the falling limbs of the hydrograph resulted in scour on the rising limb of magnitude dependent on the magnitude and sequence of the flood event, and less or no scour on recession. The modelling concepts and approach have thus been validated and the potential to reasonably simulate sediment storage changes in bedrock-controlled rivers demonstrated.

This research studied egocentric depth perception in an augmented reality (AR) environment. Specifically, it involved measuring depth perception in the near visual field by using quantitative methods to measure the depth relationships between real and virtual objects. This research involved two goals; first, engineering a depth perception measurement apparatus and related calibration andmeasuring techniques for collecting depth judgments, and second, testing its effectiveness by conducting an experiment. The experiment compared two complimentary depth judgment protocols: perceptual matching (a closed-loop task) and blind reaching (an open-loop task). It also studied the effect of a highly salient occluding surface; this surface appeared behind, coincident with, and in front of virtual objects. Finally, the experiment studied the relationship between dark vergence and depth perception.

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A young marine island called Heard Island is located in the southern Kerguelen Plateau in the Indian Ocean, a large igneous province created by the Kerguelen mantle plume. The two major geographic regions on Heard Island have two principal volcano-magmatic suites. Basanites, alkali basalts, and trachybasalts make up one group, the Big Ben Series (BBS), while basanitic to trachytic rocks make up the Laurens Peninsula Series (LPS). The most recent eruption at Big Ben volcano occurred in October 2022. To better understand magma evolution in the underlying plumbing system, clinopyroxene, feldspar, and olivine, mineral chemistry, clinopyroxene thermobarometry, and olivine thermometry were used.      The main phenocrysts from Heard Island are olivine, clinopyroxene, and feldspar. All phenocrysts share the characteristics of sieve textures and fractures. The mineral chemistry of clinopyroxene, zonation, and variation of core and rim of Mg#, Al2O3, TiO2, and Cr2O3, provides insight into the magmatic evolution of magma. Results from clinopyroxene-liquid thermobarometry suggest that clinopyroxene crystallization occurs at depths of 1 to 39 km for the cores and 1 to 47 km for the rims, with corresponding temperatures of 1098 to 1208°C and 1099 to 1254°C respectively. Comparison with olivine thermometry shows concordance in temperature estimates. The Mohorovičić discontinuity, or Moho, which marks the boundary between the Earth's crust and mantle, is believed to lie between 18 and 26 km deep at Heard Island. This study suggests that magma pockets can be found below the Moho between 51 and 18 km, and in the upper and lower crust between 18 and 2 km. Additionally, the density difference between various crustal layers determines where magma storage is located. The evidence from petrology and geochemistry points to common processes of magma mixing, recharge, and fractional crystallization during magma evolution.

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / A new method for capturing 3D video from a single imager and lens is introduced in this research. The benefit of this method is that it does not have the calibration and alignment issues associated with binocular 3D video cameras, and allows for a less expensive overall system. The digital imaging technique Depth from Defocus (DfD) has been successfully used in still camera imaging to develop a depth map associated with the image. However, DfD has not been applied in real-time video so far since the focus mechanisms are too slow to produce real-time results. This new research result shows that a Microfluidic lens is capable of the required focal length changes at 2x video frame rate, due to the electrostatic control of the focus. During the processing, two focus settings per output frame are captured using this lens combined with a broadcast video camera prototype. We show that the DfD technique using Bayesian Markov Random Field optimization can produce a valid depth map.

This non-experimental field study examined the relationship between participant reported experiences of relational depth (RD) with their individual counselors in substance use disorder (SUD) treatment and participant reported motivation to change substance use. Participants in the study were clients enrolled in inpatient and outpatient levels of substance use disorder treatment. A total of 78 clients (aged 18-77, with mean age 35.97, 80.1% Caucasian, 11.5% African-American, 3.8% Hispanic, 1.3% Asian, 1.3% multiracial, 1.3% other) with SUDs participated in the study. Results demonstrated that treatment process variables explained approximately 42% of the variance in participant recognition scores. Specifically, substance abuse community support involvement (β = .598, rs2 = .908, p < .001) and relational depth (β = .184, rs2 = .178, p = .045) were found to be significant predictors of participant recognition of a substance use problem. From these results, one may tentatively conclude that community support and the development of relational depth in SUD treatment are valuable additions to standard SUD treatment. Extended results are described and summarized using text, tables, and figures. The study has practical and clinical implications for counselors working with clients in substance use disorder treatment particularly concerning the length of individual counseling.