The School Based Youth Health Nurse Program was established in 1999 by the Queensland Government to fund school nurse positions in Queensland state high schools. Schools were required to apply for a School Based Youth Health Nurse during a five-phase recruitment process, managed by the health districts, and rolled out over four years. The only mandatory selection criterion for the position of School Based Youth Health Nurse was registration as a General Nurse and most School Based Youth Health Nurses are allocated to two state high schools. Currently, there are approximately 115 Full Time Equivalent School Based Youth Health Nurse positions across all Queensland state high schools. The literature review revealed an abundance of information about school nursing. Most of the literature came from the United Kingdom and the United States, who have a different model of school nursing to school based youth health nursing. However, there is literature to suggest school nursing is gradually moving from a disease-focused approach to a social view of health. The noticeable number of articles about, for example, drug and alcohol, mental health, and contemporary sexual health issues, is evidence of this change. Additionally, there is a significant the volume of literature about partnerships and collaboration, much of which is about health education, team teaching and how school nurses and schools do health business together. The surfacing of this literature is a good indication that school nursing is aligning with the broader national health priority areas. More particularly, the literature exposed a small but relevant and current body of research, predominantly from Queensland, about school based youth health nursing. However, there remain significant gaps in the knowledge about school based youth health nursing. In particular, there is a deficit about how School Based Youth Heath Nurses understand the experience of school based youth health nursing. This research aimed to reveal the meaning of the experience of school based youth health nursing. The research question was How do School Based Youth Health Nurses’ understand the experience of school based youth health nursing? This enquiry was instigated because the researcher, who had a positive experience of school based youth health nursing, considered it important to validate other School Based Youth Health Nurses’ experiences. Consequently, a comprehensive use of qualitative research was considered the most appropriate manner to explore this research question. Within this qualitative paradigm, the research framework consists of the epistemology of social constructionism, the theoretical perspective of interpretivism and the approach of phenomenography. After ethical approval was gained, purposeful and snowball sampling was used to recruit a sample of 16 participants. In-depth interviews, which were voluntary, confidential and anonymous, were mostly conducted in public venues and lasted from 40-75 minutes. The researcher also kept a researchers journal as another form of data collection. Data analysis was guided by Dahlgren and Fallsbergs’ (1991, p. 152) seven phases of data analysis which includes familiarization, condensation, comparison, grouping, articulating, labelling and contrasting. The most important finding in this research is the outcome space, which represents the entirety of the experience of school based youth health nursing. The outcome space consists of two components: inside the school environment and outside the school environment. Metaphorically and considered as whole-in-themselves, these two components are not discreet but intertwined with each other. The outcome space consists of eight categories. Each category of description is comprised of several sub-categories of description but as a whole, is a conception of school based youth health nursing. The eight conceptions of school based youth health nursing are: 1. The conception of school based youth health nursing as out there all by yourself. 2. The conception of school based youth health nursing as no real backup. 3. The conception of school based youth health nursing as confronted by many barriers. 4. The conception of school based youth health nursing as hectic and full-on. 5. The conception of school based youth health nursing as working together. 6. The conception of school based youth health nursing as belonging to school. 7. The conception of school based youth health nursing as treated the same as others. 8. The conception of school based youth health nursing as the reason it’s all worthwhile. These eight conceptions of school based youth health nursing are logically related and form a staged hierarchical relationship because they are not equally dependent on each other. The conceptions of school based youth health nursing are grouped according to negative, negative and positive and positive conceptions of school based youth health nursing. The conceptions of school based youth health nursing build on each other, from the bottom upwards, to reach the authorized, or the most desired, conception of school based youth health nursing. This research adds to the knowledge about school nursing in general but especially about school based youth health nursing specifically. Furthermore, this research has operational and strategic implications, highlighted in the negative conceptions of school based youth health nursing, for the School Based Youth Health Nurse Program. The researcher suggests the School Based Youth Health Nurse Program, as a priority, address the operational issues The researcher recommends a range of actions to tackle issues and problems associated with accommodation and information, consultations and referral pathways, confidentiality, health promotion and education, professional development, line management and School Based Youth Health Nurse Program support and school management and community. Strategically, the researcher proposes a variety of actions to address strategic issues, such as the School Based Youth Health Nurse Program vision, model and policy and practice framework, recruitment and retention rates and evaluation. Additionally, the researcher believes the findings of this research have the capacity to spawn a myriad of future research projects. The researcher has identified the most important areas for future research as confidentiality, information, qualifications and health outcomes.

The quest to discover simple, sensitive and global bioindicators of nutrient enrichment and ecological health continues. The present study is the first to address this quest in Hervey Bay by investigating links between key physico-chemical water quality parameters and two diatom forms. Free floating in the water column as phytoplankton, and attached to seagrass leaves and artificial substrates as microalgal epiphytes, diatoms are assessed for their abundance and diversity along an environmental gradient. Relationships between Secchi depth (Zsd), light attenuation coefficient (Kz) and minimum seagrass compensation depth (Zc) are established for the recovery, growth and survival of aquatic plants following disturbance, with equations derived specifically for this region to allow conversions from Zsd to Kz. These relationships allow predictions to be made and provide a management tool to meet water quality targets and combat elevated nutrient and sediment loads that result from anthropogenic activity and affect all marine life, from microalgae to marine mammals. Environmental links, identified as drivers of change to biodiversity, focus research effort and provide predictive management tools. Consequently, catchment and coastal activities such as dredging, construction and canal development, with the potential to increase nutrient and sediment loads, can be managed and scheduled at times least likely to adversely impact near shore ecosystems and therefore improve the balance between growth and sustainability. Seasonal and zone differences were significant for many of the water quality parameters monitored in Hervey Bay during 1994. Water clarity measures consistently showed significant differences between near and offshore zones (Secchi depth; P<0.01, turbidity; P<0.05 and TSS; P<0.01) as well as oxygen (P<0.01), soluble reactive phosphate (SRP, P<0.05), oxides of nitrogen (NOx, P<0.01), chlorophyll a (Chl a, P<0.01) and pH (P<0.01). Some default trigger values for water quality targets listed by ANZECC/ARMCANZ (2000) for concentrations of key indicators, a threshold for risk of adverse biological effects, were exceeded in dry and flood periods during the 1993 to 1995 survey. The community structure of phytoplankton and seagrass epiphytes were examined by monitoring changes to and 35 seagrass epiphyte species coincident with changes in some key water quality parameters along a water quality gradient. Chl a, Secchi depth (Zsd), soluble reactive phosphate (SRP) and pH were found to be the best subset of water quality parameters to maximise the rank correlation with phytoplankton communities whereas NOx and temperature maximised the rank correlation with the Halophila ovalis seagrass epiphyte communities. These parameters statistically link key water quality parameters to changes in phytoplankton and seagrass epiphyte density and assemblage structure and are supported as significant drivers of change in biodiversity research. Evidence for nitrogen limitation was found in the post flood surveys for phytoplankton and the growth and assemblage structure for seagrass systems and their epiphytes. Seasonal and zone differences in phytoplankton assemblage structure were most apparent with some site influence detected. Cylindrotheca closterium dominated the phytoplankton assemblage structure at the near shore zone while Thalassionema nitzschioides and Chaetoceros sp. differentiated the river from the Waste Water Treatment Plant (WWTP) creek site. Rhizolsolenia and Guinardia sp. were found in significantly higher concentrations at offshore sites (P < 0.01) and Thalassionema nitzschioides (P < 0.01), Thalassiosira sp. (P < 0.01) and Pseudonitzschia sp. (P < 0.05) were found in significantly higher abundance in the near shore zone A Trichodesmium bloom was examined and post flood changes to the phytoplankton assemblage structure associated with increased nutrient loads, reduced water clarity (Secchi depth, TSS and turbidity) and changes to pH and salinity were assessed. The results of analyses of variance provided support to multivariate statistical analyses to identify phytoplankton as a useful and sensitive bioindicator of environmental change. Post flood phytoplankton cell density increased and species diversity rose from 10 to 38 species at the Mary River mouth however, the changes to cell density and assemblage structure were not reflected in Chl a concentrations. The Mary River mouth experienced growth of mainly small phytoplankton species (< 20 µm) while Pulgul Creek, a source of WWTP effluent, experienced a disproportional increase in the larger phytoplankton species (>20µm). The increase in phytoplankton cell density at offshore sites occurred for both large and small species. Phytoplankton species dominance changed at each site during the postflood period. C. closterium remained the dominant species but increased from 34 to 648 cells/mL at Pulgul Creek however, C. similis, the second most dominant species was replaced by Pseudonitszchia sp., whose cell density rose from 2.0 to 320 cells/mL. A recent study also found that Cylindrotheca closterium, Skeletonema costatum, and Cyclotella choctawhatcheeana had strong positive relationships with coastal nutrients and suggested these species be used as potential reliable indicators of eutrophication (Toming and Jaanus, 2007). Some Pseudonitszchia sp. and dinoflagellate species have previously been noted as toxic and Chaetoceros sp. are associated with gill damage and fish kills. Rhizosolenia sp. and the Guinardia species G. flaccida and G. striatula, were indicators for the offshore relatively pristine sites, which may conversely, determine these species as indicators of environmental health in this waterway. Specificity of epiphyte attachment to particular seagrass species were detected and microalgal epiphyte assemblages on Halophila ovalis were identified as useful bioindicators of environmental gradients as this seagrass species is located at intertidal, shallow and deep water sites for a substantial part of the year. H. ovalis also recorded the highest average annual epiphyte loads (3873 ± 1882 cells/mm2) with the diatoms Diatoma vulgare and Cocconeis scutellum representing 19.6% and 17.2% of the total epiphyte cover. Highest cell density was recorded in autumn, followed by summer and winter: spring recorded the lowest epiphyte cover. Micro-algal epiphyte load was assessed as dry weight (g/m2), Chl a (µg/L) and cell density (cells/mm2) on artificial seagrass deployed along a water quality gradient. Equations were derived to describe percentage light transmission as a function of each measure of epiphyte load which allows transformation of data from one unit of expression to another and hence, allow comparison of past, current and future studies. Water column light attenuation was evaluated along a water quality gradient and linked to Secchi depths (Zsd) to derive equations that describe this relationship where for Hervey Bay, when Zsd < 4.26m, Kz = -1.2 ln Zsd + 1.74 and when Zsd ≥ 4.26m, Kz=1.37/Zsd. Species succession, diversity and seagrass growth were monitored for the first time during a recovery phase and limits for the seagrass compensation depth (Zc), were established on a seasonal basis for five seagrass species at four locations within intertidal, shallow and deep water zones in Hervey Bay and the Great Sandy Straits. Conceptual models for each site were constructed to describe habitat characteristics and include nutrient concentrations for SRP, NOx and ammonia (NH4+), Chl a, phytoplankton density, epiphyte density and light requirements measured as light attenuation, total suspended sediment, turbidity and Secchi depth at each location. The study provides a descriptive model for light attenuation and establishes (1) an annual and seasonal baseline water quality data set that characterises the waterways of Hervey Bay and the Great Sandy Straits (2) identification of phytoplankton species in Hervey Bay and their response to post flood changes in water quality (3) phytoplankton density and diversity along an environmental gradient with links established to Chl a, Secchi depth, SRP and pH (4) seagrass epiphyte assemblage structure along an environmental gradient with links established to NOx and temperature (5) conversion factors for epiphyte load expressed as dry weight, Chl a and cell density (6) functions to convert Secchi depth to light attenuation coeffiecients (Kz) (7) seagrass species succession at intertidal, shallow and deep water sites during a recovery growth phase in Hervey Bay (8) seagrass compensation depths (Zc) for five seagrass species at four locations and (9) habitat characterisation for seagrass recovery in Hervey Bay. Identification catalogues for phytoplankton and seagrass epiphytes were prepared with light and electron micrographs to assist future identification studies of diatoms in this region and for other similar biogeographical areas. The management of water quality to reach specific targets requires the capacity to predict seagrass compensation depth (Zc) as a function of water quality. Seasonal and annual light attenuation measurements are derived as a function of water quality at intertidal, shallow and deep water habitats during the colonisation of Zostera Capricornii, Halodule uninervis, Halophila ovalis, Halophila spinulosa and Halophila decipiens.

Tribal traditions and practices are integral to iwi identity. From the past to the present, the biggest impact on iwi identity was colonisation and subsequent urbanisation. Urbanisation changed the foundation of identity largely due to the demographic rural-urban shift, effectively creating a distance physically and spiritually for Māori between their place of residence and their traditional tribal turangawaewae. Today a larger proportion of tribal members reside in the main urban centres of New Zealand and Australia. This phenomenon provides an ideal opportunity to explore how iwi identity is maintained in an urban setting – away from the traditional sites of cultural practice. The study, which focuses on Ngāti Awa members residing in Auckland, provided evidence that the foundation of an iwi identity is still heavily reliant on strong iwi-based whānau. The corollary is that, strengthening the tribal knowledge base of whānau residing in urban centres may require new or increased active participation in the customs and practices of their iwi. Regrettably, only three of the ten research participants had an in-depth knowledge of their whakapapa, histories and traditions. However, all the participants indicated the need to become more pro-active in creating and expanding on their knowledge base of iwitanga (including te reo). There was also acknowledgement that urban-based iwi marae and whānau wānanga can provide individuals with the opportunities to learn more about their iwi traditions (and thereby reinforce their sense of tribal identity). Encouragingly, each participant confirmed that identifying as Ngāti Awa was important to them, largely due to the sense of belonging and identity. The study concluded that the sustainability of iwi is reliant on iwi members supporting their iwi regardless of the location of their upbringing.

Rural Tourism is increasingly being used as a development strategy to improve the social and economic well being of rural areas. Rural Tourism encompasses a huge range of activities, natural or manmade attractions, amenities and facilities, transportation, marketing and information systems (Sharpley & Sharpley, 1997). Rural tourism is very diverse and fragmented in terms of operational structures, activities, markets and operating environments (Roberts & Hall, 2001, citing Pearce, 1989). Benefits of rural tourism have been expressed as employment growth and broadening a region’s economic base, repopulation, social improvement, and revitalization of local craft (Sharpley, 2000). Governments can play active roles in tourism. In short the literature suggests rural tourism development policy approaches require: regeneration/revitalization, horizontal and vertical integration, interdependence, stewardship/sustainability, mediation, cataclysm, service and welfare provisions, spatiality – awareness, intra and inter regional complementariness, opportunism, realism and quality (Roberts & Hall, 2001). Murphy (1985) proposed a community approach to tourism development which included formation of businesses networks, and the sharing of resources and information. For rural tourism to be successful, collaboration needs to exist amongst entrepreneurs (Wilson et al., 2001). Useful integrated approaches to rural studies include acknowledging the importance of locally controlled agendas to reach centralization, awareness of the benefits for shared ideas and funding developments, and creating appropriate tourism plans for rural areas (MacDonald & Jolliffe, 2003). There are numerous challenges when attempting rural tourism development: the total product package must be sufficient; significant investment may be required; there is the adaption to a service role; the quality of products and services and the availability of skills and resources for effective marketing (Sharpley, 2000). Tourism development requires attractions, promotion, infrastructure and services and hospitality (Wilson et al., 2001, citing Gunn, 1988). The remote Eastern Hokianga area is situated in the Far North (Northland) region of New Zealand. The area has a low population and is sparsely populated presenting an ideal place to relax with an unhurried atmosphere, flourishing fauna and flora, rich in New Zealand history and culture. This is an economically depressed area that is situated in the centre of Northland’s three key tourism icons - The Bay of Islands, the Waipoua Forest, and the top of the North Island. The location of the Eastern Hokianga presents an opportunity to create a tourism destination that will attract travellers frequenting the key tourism icons. To date there has been no research on rural tourism development conducted in the Eastern Hokianga. Although comprehensive research was conducted previously in the Hokianga by the James Henare Maori Research Centre (1999) it was concentrated specifically to the “Maori culture”. This research aims to examine and identify the key challenges of rural tourism development for the Eastern Hokianga through an analysis of rural tourism development approaches, and identifying the social and economic impacts of tourism. Key findings show that the Eastern Hokianga is an undeveloped area and does not fit with the majority of the rural tourism definitions as described in the literature. The area is displaying positive impacts of rural tourism development. The negative impacts are minimal as the Eastern Hokianga is still in the initial development stage of rural tourism. There are many integrated approaches to rural tourism development currently. A strategic approach is occurring with a tourism policy and community involvement in decision making. There is an integration approach with one RTO actively involved in the communities’ tourism association with the local businesses. Two key clustering approaches are being utilized – the Twin Coast Discovery Route and total product packaging. Regeneration is not occurring but was not an issue raised by the community, whereas a financing approach was an identified challenge by Eastern Hokianga businesses. The need to improve accessibility through infrastructure was the second key challenge to rural tourism development. The area was not restricted by the other challenges of government’s role, education / experience and marketing.

Thesis (M.S.)--Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1993. / Vita. Abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 52-55). Also available via the Internet.

Thesis (M.S.)--Mississippi State University. Department of Computer Science and Engineering. / Title from title screen. Includes bibliographical references.

Σύμφωνα με την πρόσφατη έκθεση της Διακυβερνητικής Επιτροπής για την Κλιματική Αλλαγή (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, IPCC), η επίδραση των αιωρούμενων σωματιδίων στο ενεργειακό ισοζύγιο της ατμόσφαιρας κρίνεται ως ιδιαίτερα σημαντική. Αυτό οφείλεται στα φαινόμενα σκέδασης και απορρόφησης που προκαλούν στην ηλιακή ακτινοβολία κατά τη διάδοσή της στην ατμόσφαιρα και στην επίδρασή τους στις ιδιότητες των νεφών. Στην παρούσα διπλωματική εργασία έγινε μια προσπάθεια ανάλυσης των δεδομένων που έχουμε στη διάθεσή μας από το διεθνές δίκτυο επίγειων σταθμών AERONET που λειτουργεί υπό την αιγίδα της NASA και από το δορυφορικό όργανο MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectoradiometer) που βρίσκεται στους δορυφόρους πολικής τροχιάς Terra και Aqua με σκοπό την εξαγωγή συμπερασμάτων σχετικά με τη χωρική και εποχική διακύμανση των οπτικών ιδιοτήτων των αιωρούμενων σωματιδίων και σχετικά με την αντιπροσωπευτικότητα των επιγείων σταθμών σε σύγκριση με το MODIS των δορυφόρων Terra και Aqua. Η μελέτη έγινε για τρεις αστικές περιοχές της Ελλάδας, την Αθήνα, το Ηράκλειο και τη Θεσσαλονίκη, όπου υπάρχουν επίγειοι σταθμοί και δορυφορικά δεδομένα από τη γύρω περιοχή με χωρική ανάλυση 10x10 km2. Η δομή της εργασίας έχει ως εξής: Στο πρώτο κεφάλαιο, δίνεται ο ορισμός των αιωρούμενων σωματιδίων, αναλύεται η χημική τους σύσταση, οι μορφές στις οποίες απαντώνται στην ατμόσφαιρα, οι πηγές προέλευσής τους, η κατανομή τους σε διάφορες κατηγορίες με διαφορετικά κριτήρια όπως επίσης και οι μηχανισμοί απομάκρυνσής τους από την ατμόσφαιρα. Στο δεύτερο κεφάλαιο, αναλύονται οι φυσικές ιδιότητες των αιωρούμενων σωματιδίων και οι μηχανισμοί επίδρασής τους στην ακτινοβολία. Ιδιαίτερη σημασία δίνεται στον εκθέτη Angstrom και στο οπτικό βάθος των αιρούμενων σωματιδίων καθώς είναι το αντικείμενο της μελέτης μας. Στη συνέχεια, στο τρίτο κεφάλαιο, γίνεται μια αναφορά στις επιδράσεις των αιωρούμενων σωματιδίων όσον αφορά στο κλίμα και στο ενεργειακό ισοζύγιο καθώς επίσης στην υγεία και στην ορατότητα. Στο τέταρτο κεφάλαιο, γίνεται αρχικά μια αναφορά στο διεθνές δίκτυο επιγείων σταθμών AERONET και στο φασματο-ραδιόμετρο MODIS από όπου έχουμε τις μετρήσεις μας. Έπειτα, περιγράφεται το πρώτο στάδιο της επεξεργασίας των μετρήσεών μας, το οποίο περιλαμβάνει τη σχηματική σύγκριση των μετρήσεων που έχουμε από τους επιγείους σταθμούς και τους δορυφόρους. Περνώντας στο πέμπτο κεφάλαιο της εργασίας, αναλύεται η μέθοδος με την οποία γίνεται η χωρική ομαδοποίηση των μετρήσεων από τους δορυφόρους και στη συνέχεια ακολουθεί το δεύτερο στάδιο της επεξεργασίας των μετρήσεων κατά το οποίο αναπαρίστανται τα σχήματα ομαδοποίησης των δορυφορικών μετρήσεων με διάφορα κριτήρια. Τέλος, στο έκτο κεφάλαιο, σχολιάζονται τα τελικά αποτελέσματα και εξάγονται τα αντίστοιχα συμπεράσματα για την εποχική και χωρική διακύμανση των αιωρούμενων σωματιδίων, αλλά και την αντιπροσωπευτικότητα των επιγείων σταθμών σε σχέση με τους δορυφόρους. / According to a recent report by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), the effect of suspended particles in the energy balance of the atmosphere is considered as very important. This is due to scattering and absorption phenomena caused by solar radiation during propagation in the atmosphere and their effect on the properties of clouds. This thesis was an attempt to analyze the available data by the international network of ground aerosol stations AERONET and the satellite instrument MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectoradiometer) on-board the Terra and Aqua satellites and investigate the spatial and temporal variation of the optical properties of aerosols and the representativeness of the earth stations compared to the MODIS satellites Terra and Aqua. The study was conducted in three urban areas of Greece, Athens, Heraklion and Thessaloniki, where there are data from ground-based stations and satellite estimations from the surrounding area with a spatial resolution of 10x10 km2. The structure of this thesis is as follows: The first chapter begins with a definition of aerosols, the analysis of their chemical composition, the forms with which aerosols occur in the atmosphere, the sources of their origin, their distribution in categories with different criteria as well as the mechanisms for their removal from the atmosphere. The second chapter analyzes the physical properties of aerosols and mechanisms of their influence on radiation. Particular attention is given to the Angstrom exponent and the optical depth of aerosols, parameters that lie within the object of our study. In the third chapter, there is a description of the aerosol effects on climate and the energy balance as well as health and visibility. In the fourth chapter, there is firstly a description of the international AERONET network of ground stations and the MODIS spectral radiometer. Then, we describe the first stage of our measurement analysis, which includes the schematic comparison of measurements derived from ground stations and satellites. In the fifth chapter, we analyze the method for the spatial clustering of measurements from satellites and the clustering shapes of satellite measurements using different criteria. Finally, in the sixth chapter, we discuss the results and conclusions corresponding to the seasonal and spatial variability of aerosols, and the representativeness of the ground measurements in comparison with the satellite estimations.

Dans l'univers imaginaire d'Henry Bauchau, l'appel récurrent au minéral, par ses propriétés de froideur et de silence, semble à première vue consonner avec une thématique de la rupture et de la séparation, très présente dans ses premiers écrits. Mais, dès son premier roman, l'image de la Grande Muraille convoque deux valeurs opposées, l'une liée à l'absence de chaleur et de parole ( attachée à la figure de la mère), l'autre à l'affect et à l'avènement de la parole (attachée à la figure de l'analyste). Le paradoxe de ce double investissement métaphorique empêche de fixer toute valeur symbolique a priori et invite à analyser les rapports relationnels complexes tissés autour des images du minéral.Surgi du dialogue étroit avec le cosmos et de l'appartenance au mouvement littéraire de son époque, l'imaginaire minéral d'Henry Bauchau apparaît structuré selon les principes de la complémentarité et la réversibilité.Par l'ambivalence qui lui est constitutive, le minéral rend possible le passage du désenchantement, apparemment sans issue, à la promesse de sérénité. Lié à un mouvement de retour vers le sensible, l'accueil du minéral favorise le renforcement du sujet, après avoir contribué à sa fragilisation. Le minéral oriente l'être dans le dépassement de la conscience tragique vers une conscience cosmique, par le contact intime avec les forces visibles et invisibles de l'univers.Ainsi, le minéral ne met pas en doute chez Bauchau la notion de cohérence et d'unité, mais participe pleinement à sa réalisation, en dressant une relation entre le sujet et le monde en termes de continuité et de liaison. Le monde n'est pas seulement le lieu des épreuves et des doutes, mais également l'occasion de moments privilégiés, comme la pratique artistique, qui rétablit la cohérence entre l'homme et la matière du monde, et prolonge l'expérience individuelle dans l'expérience universelle.Le poème, à l'instar de l'homme, s'avère partie prenante de la matérialité du monde. La matière minérale apparaît au centre de l'interrogation sur l'origine des mots et sur leurs caractéristiques. La pierre, le sable, le sel, les phénomènes telluriques sont autant de référents qui structurent un métadiscours sur la matière verbale, située entre silence et émergence. De l'extraction à l'abstraction, le travail d'écrivain comporte une double démarche : s'il doit d'une part solidifier le langage soumis à l'effritement, d'autre part, il se voit obligé de tailler la matière amorphe et de sortir le langage de son inertie.L'analyse de la naissance de l'œuvre et de sa maturation, à travers les modifications successives, permet de constater combien les éléments apparemment disparates tendent à s'intégrer dans une structure organique par la recherche des connecteurs entre les parties. Ce qui fait le sens de l'œuvre, ce ne sont pas les éléments pris séparément, mais les relations qui se tissent entre eux. Pourtant, il n'est pas question pour Bauchau d'un idéal classique d'unité, conçu comme mesure et proportion, même si l'image de la pyramide, évoquée dans quelques épisodes, pourrait le laisser croire. L'érosion et la tectonique restent les principes actifs d'une écriture qui ne vise pas à reproduire le réel, mais à combler l'écart qui l'en sépare. Dès lors, le nombre d'or convoqué comme principe esthétique par un des personnages bauchaliens, n'est pas lié à l'image de la pyramide, mais au principe de la pyramide, qui vise l'équilibre entre les parties et l'ensemble.La hantise de l'architecturation, qui clôt notre parcours dans l'univers minéral bauchalien, montre le désir d'une inscription stable et cohérente et infirme le postulat initial sur le monde minéral, celui de la discontinuité.Finalement, l'unité à laquelle parviennent le moi et l'œuvre chez Bauchau est celle de la mosaïque, qui dans l'unité d'ensemble ne nie pas les différences et les singularités, qui ne refuse pas le discontinu, mais l'intègre et le dépasse. / The recurrent appeal to the mineral in the work of Henry Bauchau might appear, due to its features reminding of coldness and silence, in close relationship with the poetry of breach and separation which the Belgian writer has been often connected to. Yet, this primary intuition is contested ever since the first novel, where the mineral integrates both its repulsive and attractive features. Thus, erecting from a double-levelled interrelationship, from the tight dialogue with the Cosmos and the belonging to the literary movement of his age, the mineral universe of Bauchau shall be structured following the principles of the complementary and the reversible. Through its constitutive ambivalence, the mineral makes possible the passing over from the unpleasant, seemingly hopeless, to the promise of serenity. Linked to a movement of returning to the sensible after “God's death” in a new manner of grasping the world, in the immediate space, the receipt of the mineral favours the strengthening of the subject after having previously contributed to its becoming fragile. The mineral urges human being from surpassing tragic conscience towards acquiring cosmic conscience, using intimate contact with both visible and invisible forces of the Universe. The tendency to blur the demarcation lines between various species is nothing but a statement of belonging to a single wholeness to which the writer is willing to reach. Hence the mineral with Bauchau does not question the notion of coherence and unity, but fully participates to its achievement, through creating a link between the subject and the world in terms of continuity and connection. The world is not only the place of attempts and doubts, but also the chance of outstanding moments, such as the artistic work, where the coherence between the human being and the world's matter is possible to reinstate, while extending the individual experience in the universal one.

The concept of data depth provides a powerful nonparametric tool for multivariate data analysis. We propose a generalization of the well-known halfspace depth called weighted data depth. The weighted data depth is not affine invariant in general, but it has some useful properties as possible nonconvex central areas. We further discuss application of data depth methodology to solve discrimination problem. Several classifiers based on data depth are reviewed and one new classifier is proposed. The new classifier is a modification of k-nearest- neighbour classifier. Classifiers are compared in a short simulation study. Advantage gained from use of the weighted data depth for discrimination purposes is shown.

Statistical depth functions became well known nonparametric tool of multivariate data analyses. The most known depth functions include the halfspace depth. Although the halfspace depth has many desirable properties, some of its properties may lead to biased and misleading results especially when data are not elliptically symmetric. The thesis introduces 2 new classes of the depth functions. Both classes generalize the halfspace depth. They keep some of its properties and since they more respect the geometric structure of data they usually lead to better results when we deal with non-elliptically symmetric, multimodal or mixed distributions. The idea presented in the thesis is based on replacing the indicator of a halfspace by more general weight function. This provides us with a continuum, especially if conic-section weight functions are used, between a local view of data (e.g. kernel density estimate) and a global view of data as is e.g. provided by the halfspace depth. The rate of localization is determined by the choice of the weight functions and theirs parameters. Properties including the uniform strong consistency of the proposed depth functions are proved in the thesis. Limit distribution is also discussed together with some other data depth related topics (regression depth, functional data depth)...