The aim of the thesis is to extend knowledge in terms of the application of modern seeding machinery for soil preparation for sowing in the cultivation of cereals. In the literary section of the report a brief overview of the use of seed drills for minimum tillage. Load small-plot experiment on the selected station and simultaneously perform evaluation activities seeders work to prepare the ground in terms of quality seed, seed depth, coming in plants (growth phase), or the occurrence of weeds. The thesis will brief overview of the analysis of operating costs. The results evaluate and propose recommendations for possible use in agricultural practice.

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / Due to the poor distribution of rainfalls during the production cycle of guava in Santa Maria, RS, it becomes increasingly necessary to use supplementary irrigation, as a tool that can alleviate the effects of drought for the crop. In this way, the irrigation has proven to be one of the most recommended methods for guava. Thus this study aimed to evaluate the increments of productivity and quality of guava fruits drip irrigated in the municipality of Santa Maria, besides evaluating the effect of climatic factors on the quality of fruits (pH, soluble solids and titratable acidity), and propose an efficient way to manage irrigation on local conditions. The experiment was installed in the Fruticulture Sector of Polytechnic School of the Universidade Federal de Santa Maria in Rio Grande do Sul. The study was made on randomized complete block design distributed in five treatments with six repetitions. The treatments consisted of applying water depth by drip, corresponding to replacement of 0, 40, 60, 80, and 100%, being applied to each 20 mm of maximum cumulative evapotranspiration (ETmac) by the culture of guava. As for data analysis of pH, total soluble solids (SST) and titratable acidity (ATT) of the fruits, treatments were arranged in a randomized block design but in factorial arrangement 5x3, being five irrigation depth and three cropping season fruits. The reference of evapotranspiration was estimated from the automatic data collected from Weather Station located at UFSM with the Penman Monteith equation. The results showed no statistically significant differences in the parameters, length, diameter, length / diameter relation, number of locules, mass, pH, SST and ATT of the fruits under the influence of irrigation water, however irrigation influenced the number of fruits per plant, productivity and the volume of fruit. It was also observed that the factors sunlight, solar radiation and air temperature interfered significantly in the chemical parameters of fruit. / Em razão da má distribuição das precipitações pluviais durante o ciclo produtivo da goiabeira em Santa Maria, RS, torna-se cada vez mais necessário o uso da irrigação complementar, como instrumento que pode atenuar os efeitos do déficit hídrico para a cultura. Para tanto a irrigação localizada tem se mostrado como um dos métodos mais recomendados para a goiabeira. Portanto o presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar os incrementos de produtividades e qualidade de frutos de goiabeira, irrigada por gotejamento no município de Santa Maria, além de avaliar o efeito dos fatores climáticos sobre a qualidade de frutos (pH, sólidos solúveis totais e acidez total titulável), e propor um manejo eficiente de irrigação nas condições locais. O experimento foi instalado, no Setor de Fruticultura do Colégio Politécnico da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria no Rio Grande do Sul. O delineamento adotado foi o de blocos casualizados, com cinco tratamentos distribuídos em seis repetições. Os tratamentos consistiram na aplicação de lâminas de água por gotejamento, correspondentes a reposições de 0, 40, 60, 80, e 100%, a serem aplicadas a cada 20 mm da evapotranspiração máxima acumulada (ETmac) pela cultura da goiabeira. Já para análise dos dados de pH, sólidos solúveis totais (SST) e acidez total titulável (ATT) dos frutos, os tratamentos foram dispostos em delineamento de blocos ao acaso mas em arranjo fatorial 5x3, sendo cinco lâminas de irrigação e três épocas de colheita de frutos. A evapotranspiração de referência foi estimada a partir dos dados da Estação meteorológica automática localizada na UFSM, com a equação de Penman Monteith. Os resultados mostraram que não ocorreram diferenças estatisticamente significativas nos parâmetros, comprimento, diâmetro, relação comprimento/diâmetro, quantidade de lóculos, massa, pH, SST e ATT dos frutos sob influências das lâminas de irrigação, entretanto a irrigação influenciou o número de frutos por planta, a produtividade e o volume do fruto. Observou-se ainda que os fatores radiação solar, insolação e temperatura do ar interferiram significativamente nos parâmetros químicos dos frutos.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:33:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-12-22Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:45:28Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 silva_bms_dr_jabo.pdf: 2245286 bytes, checksum: dd4988388b8b4412932a2d90984e471f (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Ormosia paraensis Ducke, possui sementes ornamentais usadas na confecção de biojóias, assim como, sua madeira é utilizada por moveleiros. Para a identificação florestal e tecnologia de sementes, as informações sobre a biologia e, por conseguinte, para a produção de mudas de tento são incipientes. Desta forma, o objetivo do presente trabalho foi descrever a morfo-anatomia e determinar os métodos mais adequados para superação de dormência, germinação e emergência de plântulas de tento. Para a descrição morfo-anatômica, os frutos, as sementes e as plântulas foram avaliadas por meio de microscopia óptica e eletrônica de varredura. Para a quebra de dormência das sementes, foi utilizada a abrasão com lixa e a imersão em ácido sulfúrico. Os frutos de tento são legumes nucóides, pseudo-septados, castanhos a pretos, deiscentes, portando uma ou duas sementes, de placentação lateral. As sementes são bitegumentadas, exalbuminosas e arredondadas. As plântulas de tento apresentam folhas simples e alternadas, com raiz pivotante e caule cilíndrico. A germinação é hipógea criptocotiledonar. A abrasão com lixa e por meio da imersão em ácido sulfúrico por 60 ou 120 minutos são adequadas para a superação de dormência de sementes de tento. A faixa de temperatura ótima para a germinação está entre 25 e 35 oC tanto entre areia quando entre papel. As semeaduras em areia e em vermiculita são mais adequadas em profundidades nunca superiores a 2cm / Ormosia paraensis Ducke, known as “tento”, possess seeds used to make handicrafts and wood worked by furniture makers. For the forest identification and seeds technology, the information on the biology and therefore for the production of “tento” seedlings are incipient. Thus, the aim of this study was the morpho-anatomical description as well as determining the most appropriate methods for overcoming dormancy, germination and seedling emergence of “tento”. For the morpho-anatomical description, the evaluations were examined by optical and scanning electron microscopy. For the dormancy break of the seeds, the methods were physical and chemical scarification. For the temperature, substrate and depth evaluation were used temperatures from 5 to 45 oC, the substrates sand, paper, vermiculite and PlantmaxR and the depths of 0, 2 and 4 cm. The fruit is a nutant legume, brown to black, dehiscent and with one or two seeds of lateral placentation. The seeds are bitegmic, exalbuminous and rounded. The seedlings have simple and alternate leaves, and their germination is hypogeal cryptocotyledonary. The mechanical scarification and the chemical by sulfuric acid immersion for 60 or 120 minutes are suitable for overcoming seed dormancy. The range of the optimum temperature for germination is between 25 and 35 oC between sand or paper. In the nursery are sand and vermiculite, sowings higher than 2 cm depths are unsuitable for seedling emergence

abstract: Given the "New Nine Measures" for capital market reform, a policy document issued by the State Council of China, the development of markets for interest rate derivatives, such as treasury futures, becomes an increasingly important task. Several shortcomings of the existing treasury futures market have been noted: including low market liquidity, singular investor composition, restrict contract terms, and low hedging demand. This study contributes to a better understanding of the treasury futures market by analyzing changes in China treasury futures market regulations and their impact on market liquidity of treasury futures. Found that compared with the mature market, China treasury futures market exists liquidity shortage, the trading system, market structure and the division of regulatory are factors which influence the liquidity of China treasury futures market. This study found that reducing transaction costs for further optimization of the width and depth of China treasury futures market are not obvious by using quantitative analysis method, expanding the smallest change price can optimize the market depth, reducing transaction costs and expanding smallest change price can optimize the immediacy, volume and hosting amount. In addition, the bond market will also influence the treasury futures market, the price fluctuations and the morphology of the yield curve of bond market have significant influence on width, depth and holdings of market. The system of China treasury futures market needs to be optimized by expanding the smallest change price and reducing transaction costs. The market structure needs to be optimized by establishing unified bond market and enriching investor structure. These findings have significant theoretical and practical implications. The study also provides policy recommendations for the design and establishment of treasury futures market to the regulatory agencies. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Business Administration 2016

abstract: Highway safety is a major priority for the public and for transportation agencies. Pavement distresses directly affect ride quality, and indirectly contribute to driver distraction, vehicle operation, and accidents. In this study, analysis was performed on highways in the states of Arizona, North Carolina and Maryland for years between 2013 and 2015 in order to investigate the relationship between accident rate and pavement roughness and rutting. Two main types of data were collected: crash data from the accident records and roughness and rut depth data from the pavement management system database in each state. Crash rates were calculated using the U.S. Department of Transportation method, which is the number of accidents per vehicle per mile per year multiplied by 100,000,000. The variations of crash rate with both International Roughness Index (IRI) and rut depth were investigated. Linear regression analysis was performed to study the correlation between parameters. The analysis showed positive correlations between road roughness and rut depth in all cases irrespective of crash severity level. The crash rate data points were high for IRI values above 250-300 inches/mile in several cases. Crash road segments represent 37-48 percent of the total length of the network using 1-mile segments. Roughness and rut depth values for crash and non-crash segments were close to each other, suggesting that roughness and rutting are not the only factors affecting number of crashes but possibly in combination with other factors such as traffic volume, human factors, etc. In summary, it can be concluded that both roughness and rut depth affect crash rate and highway maintenance authorities should maintain good pavement condition in order to reduce crash occurrences. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Civil and Environmental Engineering 2017

abstract: This study exmaines the effect of in-vehicle infotainment display depth on driving performance. More features are being built into infotainment displays, allowing drivers to complete a greater number of secondary tasks while driving. However, the complexity of completing these tasks can take attention away from the primary task of driving, which may present safety risks. Tasks become more time consuming as the items drivers wish to select are buried deeper in a menu’s structure. Therefore, this study aims to examine how deeper display structures impact driving performance compared to more shallow structures. Procedure. Participants complete a lead car following task, where they follow a lead car and attempt to maintain a time headway (TH) of 2 seconds behind the lead car at all times, while avoiding any collisions. Participants experience five conditions where they are given tasks to complete with an in-vehicle infotainment system. There are five conditions, each involving one of five displays with different structures: one-layer vertical, one-layer horizontal, two-layer vertical, two-layer horizontal, and three-layer. Brake Reaction Time (BRT), Mean Time Headway (MTH), Time Headway Variability (THV), and Time to Task Completion (TTC) are measured for each of the five conditions. Results. There is a significant difference in MTH, THV, and TTC for the three-layer condition. There is a significant difference in BRT for the two-layer horizontal condition. There is a significant difference between one- and two-layer displays for all variables, BRT, MTH, THV, and TTC. There is also a significant difference between one- and three-layer displays for TTC. Conclusions. Deeper displays negatively impact driving performance and make tasks more time consuming to complete while driving. One-layer displays appear to be optimal, although they may not be practical for in-vehicle displays. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Human Systems Engineering 2018

Cette thèse traite de l'étude de la profondeur des séismes modérés (4 < M < 5.5), à travers l'utilisation de données telesismiques, c'est à dire à partir d'enregistrements de sismographes situes a des distances de 3000 jusqu'à 9000 km de la source. L'estimation de la profondeur d'un séisme s'obtient en comparant les temps d'arrivée de l'onde directe (P) générée par ce séisme, avec ceux des ondes réfléchies sur la surface de la Terre, au-dessus du foyer du séisme (les phases de profondeur pP, sP). Nous utilisons le réseau du CTBTO (Comprehensive Test-Ban-Treaty-Organization, composé de mini-réseaux (10-20 sismographes), nous permettant de développer deux nouvelles méthodes d'estimation de la profondeur. La première est une inversion complète du mécanisme au foyer, simultanément a la profondeur. La seconde est une méthode d'analyse spectrale : le cepstre. A l'aide d'exemples de séismes en zone intracontinentale, nous montrons que ces deux méthodes sont complémentaires et qu'elles apportent une information nouvelle sur l'estimation de la profondeur pour les séismes de régions peu instrumentées. Dans un second temps, une optimisation de la méthode cepstrale a permis d'étendre l'estimation de la profondeur a l'utilisation de stations isolées provenant du réseau mondial IRIS. Cette nouvelle méthode, complètement automatique, a permis de localiser en profondeur les séismes de magnitude supérieure à 4.5 pour la zone de subduction de Guerrero (Mexique). Nous avons ainsi mis en évidence une répartition homogène des profondeurs des séismes dans la zone du gap de Guerrero. En combinant ces estimations de la profondeur de l'interface avec celles obtenues a l'aide d'une relocalisation de l'ensemble de la sismicité (par la méthode de l'ISC-Locator), nous proposons une imagerie de la géométrie de la subduction. Nous avons ensuite étudié l'influence de la profondeur sur les propriétés sismiques des séismes. En particulier, nous avons évalué la relation entre la profondeur et la chute de contrainte pour les séismes récents et modérés de la plaine du Pô, en Italie. Pour cela, nous nous sommes appuyés sur le réseau accéléromètrique régional de l'INGV Milan pour estimer les spectres sources de ces séismes, puis en déduire les fréquences coins et les chutes de contraintes associées. Ces spectres sources s'obtiennent à l'aide d'une méthode d'inversion qui sépare simultanément l'effet de l'atténuation, les effets de sites et l'effet de la source sur les spectres des ondes S, générées par les séismes et enregistrées en surface par les accéléromètres. Après inversion, nous trouvons une faible augmentation de la chute de contrainte avec la profondeur. / This thesis deals with depth estimations of moderate earthquakes (4 < M < 5.5), observed through the use of teleseismic data. At teleseismic distances (from 3000 to 9000 km), estimations of earthquake depths come from the estimation of the delays between the arrival time of the direct P-wave and the arrival times of the waves which have been reflected on the surface above the source (known as : depth phases pP and sP). The CTBTO (Comprehensive Test-Ban- Treaty-Organization) monitoring system allows the detection of these teleseismic phases for weak events, with magnitudes below 5, since this global network is composed by arrays (10-20 close single stations, in the same location). Using this network, two methods were developed for teleseismic depth estimation. First, a depth-phase recognition method is applied, based on a new improved cepstral analysis. In addition, we have developed a focal mechanism genetic algorithm inversion. We have applied these two methods for earthquakes occurring in intracontinental areas and we have proved that these new depth determinations provide new and complementary information about the source for barely instrumented areas. We have also developed another method, completely blind and automatic, which consists in an improvement of the cepstral analysis. The reliability of this method to improve depth estimation has been proved by relocating the recent moderate seismicity of the Guerrero subduction area (Mexico). In the Guerrero area, this cepstral analysis efficiently clusters event locations. We then use teleseismic waves reflected on the subduction interface to evaluate the depth of the interface above the focal hypocenter, which allows to specify the subduction interface geometry. We have finally conducted an exhaustive analysis of the depth distributions, based on a relocalization of the ISC catalogue using the new ISC-Locator algorithm and we provide an improved image of the subduction. Finally, we have conducted a study of the relationship between earthquake depths and seismic properties. In particular, we have focused on the burning issue about the links between stress drops and focal depths. We have found an interesting case study with the Po Plain recent seismicity (Northern Italy). Brune's stress drops and magnitudes have been estimated from a generalized parametric inversion using the regional accelerometric network from INGV Milano. We have shown that there is only a slight dependency between stress drops and earthquake depths in the Po Plain.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:28:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-06-10Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:18:12Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 augusto_rmn_me_botfmvz.pdf: 475859 bytes, checksum: c7eb29be32951647006a8bc33ef784a0 (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) / Foram realizados dois experimentos: no primeiro utilizaram-se 96 leitões desmamados com idade média de 21 dias, num delineamento em blocos com arranjo fatorial dos tratamentos 2 x 2 ( duas fontes de carboidratos e duas classes de peso ao desmame). No segundo foram utilizados 48 leitões, num delineamento em blocos com arranjo fatorial 2 x 2 x 2 x 3 (duas classes de pesos ao desmame x duas fontes de carboidratos x duas porções do intestino delgado x três épocas de abate). Portanto, no modelo estatístico foram usados os efeitos fixos de peso, fontes de carboidratos, porções do intestino delgado, épocas de abate e suas respectivas interações; e o efeito aleatório de blocos. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os efeitos da substituição da lactose pela maltodextrina nas rações de leitões desmamados, com diferentes pesos, sobre o consumo diário de ração, ganho diário de peso, conversão alimentar, incidência de diarreia, altura das vilosidades, profundidade das criptas e espessura de mucosa. No primeiro experimento, nos períodos de 0 a 17 e 0 a 29 dias após o desmame constatou-se efeito da classe de peso, no ganho diário de peso e no consumo diário de ração dos leitões, ou seja, os animais mais pesados ao desmame apresentaram maiores consumo diário de ração e ganho diário de peso em relação aos animais mais leves. No segundo experimento, verificou-se que a maltodextrina determinou aumentos na espessura média da mucosa intestinal dos leitões, independente do peso, e na profundidade média das criptas apenas nos animais leves. A maltodextrina pode ser usada como uma alternativa para substituir a lactose nas rações de leitões desmamados, pois não afeta negativamente o desempenho e a maioria dos parâmetros morfométricos do intestino. / Two trials were conducted: in the first trial, were used, 96 weaning pigs at the age of about 21 days, in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement (two sources of carbohydrate: lactose and maltodextrin and two weaning weight classes: light, from 4,50 to 5,20 kg, and heavy, from 5,90 to 6,60 kg). In the second trial, 48 pigs, in a 2 x 2 x 2 x 3 factorial arrangement (two weaning weight classes x two sources of carbohydrate x two portions of the small intestine x three slaughter times). Therefore, in the statistical model the fixed effect of weight, sources of carbohydrate, portions of the small intestine, times of slaughter and its respective interactions; and the random effect of blocks. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of maltodextrin diets in weaning pigs of different weights on feed intake, feed:gain ratio, weight gain, diarrhea incidence, villus height, crypt depth and mucous membrane height. In the first trial, from 0-17 days and from 0-29 days after the weaning effects of weight classes, were detected on daily weight gain, and daily feed intake. The heaviest animals at weaning showed the best results. In the second trial, we verified that maltodextrin determined an increase in the average thickness of the intestinal mucosa, regardless of weight classes, and the increase in the average depth of the crypt, only in the highter animals. Maltodextrin can be used as an alternative to lactose in diets of weaning pigs, as it doesn’t affect negatively the performance neither the morfometric parameters of the intestine.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:45:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T14:07:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 07313.pdf: 4614224 bytes, checksum: b35f3b3a0d88e2ee74e856c2c7883aaf (MD5) / Dissertacao (Mestrado) / IPEN/D / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP

Submitted by Amanda Martins Bastos null (amandabastos@yahoo.com.br) on 2018-01-30T23:57:32Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Versão final.pdf: 4128456 bytes, checksum: 1996c1f929d406c65c0e6fcf3957e11f (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Maria Marlene Zaniboni null (zaniboni@bauru.unesp.br) on 2018-02-01T18:05:21Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 lopes_abc_me_bauru.pdf: 4128456 bytes, checksum: 1996c1f929d406c65c0e6fcf3957e11f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-02-01T18:05:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 lopes_abc_me_bauru.pdf: 4128456 bytes, checksum: 1996c1f929d406c65c0e6fcf3957e11f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-12-20 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / O abastecimento de água é vital para o modo de vida adotado atualmente pela sociedade e desta forma identificar as ameaças aos padrões de potabilidade, monitorálas e remediá-las, se necessário, torna-se uma questão fundamental para garantir o abastecimento da população. Neste contexto, o presente trabalho avaliou a concentração de flúor através da presença de fluoreto nas águas de 32% dos poços responsáveis pelo abastecimento no município de Lins - SP (7 dos 22). Houve o cuidado de se selecionar poços que por sua profundidade atingissem cada um dos três aquíferos que abastecem a cidade (2 do Aquífero Guarani, 2 do Aquífero Serra Geral e 3 do Aquífero Bauru), visando-se identificar a influência do aquífero e da profundidade. Para tanto, foram analisados os dados de concentração de fluoreto de 2002 a 2006 e comparados com dados de 2013 a 2016 fornecidos pela SABESP. Uma ampla pesquisa bibliográfica foi fundamental para elucidar esta análise e salientar a importância de maiores discussões sobre a prática da fluoretação. Os principais resultados mostram que no município de Lins os poços que retiram água do Aquífero Serra Geral e Bauru precisam ter acréscimo de flúor em suas águas e os que retiram água do Aquífero Guarani o possuem em excesso, o que faz com que sejam necessárias medidas para garantir o equilíbrio destas situações, bem como o cumprimento das leis relacionadas a este parâmetro. / Water supply is vital to society's current way of life, and in this way identifying threats to drinking standards, monitoring and remedying them, if necessary, becomes a key issue in ensuring population supply. In this context, the present study evaluated the fluoride concentration by the presence of fluoride in the waters of 32% of the wells responsible for the supply in the municipality of Lins - SP (7 out of 22). Care was taken to select wells that reached each depth of the three aquifers that supply the city (2 from the Guarani Aquifer, 2 from the Serra Geral Aquifer and 3 from the Bauru Aquifer), in order to identify the influence of the aquifer and the depth. For that, we analyzed the fluoride concentration data from 2002 to 2006 and compared it with data from 2013 to 2016 provided by SABESP. A broad bibliographical research was fundamental to elucidate this analysis and to emphasize the importance of further discussions on the practice of fluoridation. The main results show that in the municipality of Lins the wells that withdraw water from the Serra Geral and Bauru aquifers need to have fluoride added in their waters and those that take water from the Guarani aquifer have it in excess, which means that measures are necessary to ensure the balance of these situations, as well as compliance with laws related to this parameter.