Wertorientierte Unternehmensführung, Wertstromdesign als zentrale Methode des Lean Managements und die Flexibilität von Produktionssystemen haben sich als Managementansätze in der Vergangenheit bewährt. Die Koexistenz dieser Ansätze stellt Führungskräfte vor die tägliche Herausforderung, ihren jeweiligen Beitrag zur wertorientierten Unternehmensführung zu erkennen, operative Entscheidungen zu treffen und auf diese Weise die Wettbewerbsfähigkeit des Unternehmens im Spannungsfeld der Interessen der Anspruchsgruppen sicherzustellen. Unter der leitenden Forschungsfrage, welchen Beitrag das Wertstromdesign als Instrument der wertorientierten Unternehmensführung zum Unternehmenswert unter Beachtung der Flexibilität des Produktionssystems leistet, werden die Einzelkonzepte detailliert betrachtet, wesentliche Einflussgrößen sowie deren durch Reduktion von Komplexität entstehende Wechselwirkungen identifiziert und zur Handlungsorientierung methodisch gestützte Gestaltungsempfehlungen formuliert.

This report details the study of a freshwater stream carrying high doses of heavy metals into an already affected fjord. The purpose is to find out how the measured levels of heavy metals vary across the industrial area, and if these levels are posing an environmental or health threat to the surroundings. According to the water directive of the European Union, all waters should be protected in order to reach ’good status’, and deterioration should be prevented. To keep track of the status of waters, environmental quality standards (limit values known as EQS) are used by Norwegian environmental authorities to indicate pollution levels. All measured contents in this report are therefore compared with EQS or similar limit values. New water samples were taken along the stream and in the soil and sediments during the spring of 2016. The measured levels were then compared with older water samples, and showed clear variations across the industrial area for most of the substances. For some substances, high levels of pollution were found in the soil, sediment and water. Despite this, most measured heavy metals pose no threat environmentally or health-wise due to the very alkaline water in the stream, likely to leave most metals nonbioavailable. Although the stream is heavily loaded with various heavy metals, its lack of finer matter prevents metals from binding to organic ligands, allowing the stream to become more of a transportation means than a place for accumulating metals in the soil and sediments.

This paper is about analyzing water quality of a stream that flows in southwest of Swedencalled Hasslebäcken. The stream is a tributary of Suseån and has its springs in the naturereserve Biskopstorp and flows through a mixed landscape of mostly spruce forests andagriculture land. Little is known about Hasslebäcken and its water and therefore a study by request of Suseåns vattenråd was performed. The study consisted of analyzing the water ofphosphorous, nitrogen, pH, suspended particles and conductivity. To broaden the examination of water quality sampling of benthic macroinvertebrates and two index (ASPTindex and Shannon’s diversity index) of water quality were used. Another part of the study were to search for fish barrier in the stream and to evaluate the possibilities for troutspawning and habitats. The whole stretch of the stream were examined and eleven differentsampling sites were used. The results show that Hasslebäckens upper parts have low levelsof nutrients while the lower parts show intermediate to extremely high levels. The indexresults points at low ecological values for Shannon and high ecological values for ASPT. Thisis normal for a stream that flows through an agricultural landscape. The results concerning pH show a lower pH in the upper parts than in the lower parts. This is also normal for a stream in a production forest of spruce in these parts of Sweden. Hasslebäcken also have several fish barrier that prevent various fish species to migrate up along the stream from thesea. The evaluation of trout habitats and spawning area show decent possibilities for successful reproduction and growth.

A three part investigation into the effects of riparian reforestation on small streams demonstrated the timing, nature, and processes of morphologic change. First, measurements of two small streams in northeastern Vermont collected in 1966 and 2004 – 2005 documented considerable change in channel width following a period of passive reforestation. Channel widths of several tributaries to Sleepers River were measured in 1966 when the area had more non-forested riparian vegetation than today. A longitudinal survey in 2004 of two of these tributaries, followed by detailed measurements at specific reaches in 2005, provided information on channel size, large woody debris (LWD), and riparian vegetation. Reforested reaches have widened and incised markedly since 1966. Reaches with the oldest forest were widest for a given drainage area, and the non-forested reaches were substantially narrower. A conceptual model was developed that describes a multi-phase process of incision, widening, and recovery following riparian reforestation of non-forested areas. Second, a fixed-bed hydraulic model of one of the streams was developed to evaluate the impact of forested riparian vegetation on near-bank turbulence during overbank flows. Flume experiments with kinematic similitude and a 1:5 scale represented half a channel and its floodplain, mimicking the size of a non-forested reach. Two types of vegetation were simulated: non-forested, with synthetic grass carpet; and forested, where wooden dowels were added. Three-dimensional velocities were measured with an acoustic Doppler velocimeter. Velocities, turbulent kinetic energy (TKE), and Reynolds shear stress showed significant differences between forested and non-forested runs. Forested runs exhibited a narrow band of high TKE in the near-bank region that was roughly two times greater than in non-forested runs. Hydraulic characteristics of forested runs appear to create an environment with higher erosion potential, thereby indicating a possible driving mechanism for channel widening in reforesting stream reaches. Third, Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) data from Chittenden County were analyzed to develop a method capable of classifying riparian buffers into broad classes according to forest type and age. The geospatial characteristics of the LiDAR data in forested areas were explored using semivariogram analysis, and LiDAR-based metrics were derived in a geographic information system (GIS) to quantify vegetation height and variance. The LiDAR-based metrics were then used in two discriminant analysis procedures that distinguished: 1) forest type as deciduous or coniferous; and 2) forest age in four age classes. With the resulting linear discriminant functions, a GIS-based classification method was developed. The classification method was highly successful at determining forest type but only moderately successful at determining forest age.

Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited / Under meteorological conditions associated with extreme cold air outbreaks (CAO) off the U.S. East Coast, large ocean waves sometimes develop along the North Wall of the Gulf Stream. These wave events produce wave heights above those expected given the short fetch and moderate winds. The highest waves are often very localized, which suggests localized forcing by the atmosphere. In this study, results from four cases are examined to characterize the role of high resolution, mesoscale wind forcing in generating localized regions of large ocean waves during events with large air-sea temperature differences. A known "true" atmosphere is simulated through the use of the Navy's Coupled Oceanographic and Atmospheric Mesoscale Prediction System (COAMPS). Model surface wind output from COAMPS is used to generate a wave field using Wavewatch Three (WW3), which is then compared to buoy observations and ship reports. Results of these cases show the mesoscale wind forcing of ocean waves during CAO and the importance of mesoscale atmospheric modeling in localized generation of ocean wind waves. Additionally, empirical wave forecast techniques are compared to WW3 model output for these cases to further reinforce the mesoscale atmospheric forcing during rapid growth of wind wave events in fetch limited environments. / Lieutenant Commander, United States Navy

Thesis advisor: Noah P. Snyder / Centuries-long intensive land use change in the northeastern U.S. provides the opportunity to study the response timescale of geomorphic processes to anthropogenic perturbations. In this region, deforestation and the construction of dams following European settlement drastically altered the landscape, leading to the impoundment of sediment in mill ponds. This legacy sediment continues to be released into transport decades after a dam has been removed or breached. Geochemical tracers can help distinguish sediment sources and understand how sediment moves through a watershed. The South River in western MA is located in a formerly glaciated watershed, and these surficial deposits compose 98% of the area. It experienced two generations of damming, beginning with smaller mill dams in the 18th-19th centuries, followed by the construction of the Conway Electric Dam (CED), a 17 m tall hydroelectric dam in the early 20th century. Legacy sediment deposits from sediment stored behind mill dams cover 1.5% of the watershed area. The CED is located near the outlet of the river, providing a century-long depositional record for the watershed, during reforestation. I hypothesize that sediment mobilized from human activity will contain a different geochemical signature than glacial material, that recent erosion in the watershed is primarily from anthropogenic legacy deposits rather than from glacial age landforms, and channel widening is occurring in reaches of the channel composed of legacy sediment, rather than in glacially confined reaches. These hypotheses were tested through a two part investigation, consisting of a sediment tracing study using Hg, and a Geographic Information Systems (GIS) analysis of channel changes using aerial photographs from 1940 and 2014. Samples were collected from river bank exposures of 11 glacial deposits and four mill pond legacy sites. Two vibracores measuring 476 and 500 cm were collected in reservoir sediment stored behind the CED in 2013 and 2017, respectively. Hg concentrations range from 1-4 ppb in glacial sediment, 3-380 ppb in legacy sediment, and 2-18 ppb and 7-50 ppb in the two CED cores. I used Hg as a tracer to estimate percent contributions to the CED reservoir from each watershed source during the 20th century. Results from a sediment mixing model suggest glacial sources contributed 32 ± 15%, and legacy sediment deposits contributed 68 ± 15% during the 20th century. Based on 137Cs dates on the cores, high amounts of legacy sediment filled in behind the CED prior to 1953 (74 ± 35 %), and background erosion from glacial deposits dominated from 1953 until the reservoir was filled in the 1980s (63 ± 14%). GIS analyses using aerial photographs from 1940 and 2014 indicate that the channel did not significantly widen along any section of the river, however, increases in sinuosity (up to 12%) occurred in the legacy sediment dominated reaches of the channel, and minor increases (1-2%) occurred in the glacial reaches. Overall, these analyses show an increase in the amount of sediment released in the channel as a result of mill dams breaching through the mid-19th to early 20th centuries, and suggest a short recovery timescale response from this land-use change. / Thesis (MS) — Boston College, 2018. / Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences. / Discipline: Earth and Environmental Sciences.

"We are in an era of big data, sensors, and monitoring technology. One consequence of this technology is the continuous generation of massive volumes of streaming data. To support this, stream processing systems have emerged. These systems must produce results while meeting near-real time response obligations. However, computation intensive processing on high velocity streams is challenging. Stream arrival rates are often unpredictable and can fluctuate. This can cause systems to not always be able to process all incoming data within their required response time.Yet inherently some results may be much more significant than others. The delay or complete neglect of producing certain highly significant results could result in catastrophic consequences. Unfortunately, this critical problem of targeted prioritized processing in overloaded environments remains largely unaddressed to date. In this talk, I will describe four key challenges that my dissertation successfully tackled. First, I address the problem of optimally processing the most significant tuples identified by the user at compile-time before less critical ones. Second, I propose a new aggregate operator that increases the accuracy of aggregate results produced for TP systems. Third, I address the problem of identifying and pulling forward significant tuples at run-time via dynamic determinants. Fourth, I design multi-input operators, such as the join operator, which produce multi-stream results in significance order. My experimental studies explore a rich diversity of workloads, queries, and data sets, including real data streams. The results substantiate that my approaches are a significant improvement over the state-of-the-art approaches."

" Because of the high volume and unpredictable arrival rates, stream processing systems may not always be able to keep up with the input data streams, resulting in buffer overflow and uncontrolled loss of data. To continuously supply online results, two alternate solutions to tackle this problem of unpredictable failures of such overloaded systems can be identified. One technique, called load shedding, drops some fractions of data from the input stream to reduce the memory and CPU requirements of the workload. However, dropping some portions of the input data means that the accuracy of the output is reduced since some data is lost. To produce eventually complete results, the second technique, called data spilling, pushes some fractions of data to persistent storage temporarily when the processing speed cannot keep up with the arrival rate. The processing of the disk resident data is then postponed until a later time when system resources become available. This dissertation explores these load reduction technologies in the context of XML stream systems. Load shedding in the specific context of XML streams poses several unique opportunities and challenges. Since XML data is hierarchical, subelements, extracted from different positions of the XML tree structure, may vary in their importance. Further, dropping different subelements may vary in their savings of storage and computation. Hence, unlike prior work in the literature that drops data completely or not at all, in this dissertation we introduce the notion of structure-oriented load shedding, meaning selectively some XML subelements are shed from the possibly complex XML objects in the XML stream. First we develop a preference model that enables users to specify the relative importance of preserving different subelements within the XML result structure. This transforms shedding into the problem of rewriting the user query into shed queries that return approximate answers with their utility as measured by the user preference model. Our optimizer finds the appropriate shed queries to maximize the output utility driven by our structure-based preference model under the limitation of available computation resources. The experimental results demonstrate that our proposed XML-specific shedding solution consistently achieves higher utility results compared to the existing relational shedding techniques. Second, we introduces structure-based spilling, a spilling technique customized for XML streams by considering the spilling of partial substructures of possibly complex XML elements. Several new challenges caused by structure-based spilling are addressed. When a path is spilled, multiple other paths may be affected. We categorize varying types of spilling side effects on the query caused by spilling. How to execute the reduced query to produce the correct runtime output is also studied. Three optimization strategies are developed to select the reduced query that maximizes the output quality. We also examine the clean-up stage to guarantee that an entire result set is eventually generated by producing supplementary results to complement the partial results output earlier. The experimental study demonstrates that our proposed solutions consistently achieve higher quality results compared to the state-of-the-art techniques. Third, we design an integrated framework that combines both shedding and spilling policies into one comprehensive methodology. Decisions on the choice of whether to shed or spill data may be affected by the application needs and data arrival patterns. For some input data, it may be worth to flush it to disk if a delayed output of its result will be important, while other data would best directly dropped from the system given that a delayed delivery of these results would no longer be meaningful to the application. Therefore we need sophisticated technologies capable of deploying both shedding and spilling techniques within one integrated strategy with the ability to deliver the most appropriate decision customers need for each specific circumstance. We propose a novel flexible framework for structure-based shed and spill approaches, applicable in any XML stream system. We propose a solution space that represents all the shed and spill candidates. An age-based quality model is proposed for evaluating the output quality for different reduced query and supplementary query pairs. We also propose a family of four optimization strategies, OptF, OptSmart, HiX and Fex. OptF and OptSmart are both guaranteed to identify an optimal solution of reduced and supplementary query pair, with OptSmart exhibiting significantly less overhead than OptF. HiX and Fex use heuristic-based approaches that are much more efficient than OptF and OptSmart. "

Typescript, etc. / Digitized by Kansas Correctional Industries

La musique peut être monophonique – une seule note est jouée à chaque instant – ou polyphonique – plusieurs notes sont jouées simultanément, formant des harmonies. Comprendre la musique polyphonique peut être très complexe. L'objectif de cette thèse en informatique musicale est de simplifier l'analyse de partitions polyphoniques en les décomposant en voix monophoniques ou en streams (ensembles cohérents de notes). Ces deux approches n'ayant jamais été confrontées, mes premiers travaux consistent à comparer trois algorithmes de séparation en voix et trois algorithmes de séparation en streams. Je propose pour cela des méthodes d'évaluation équitables pour ces deux approches. Les tests réalisés sur un corpus de musique classique et de musique pop ont mis en avant les qualités de l'algorithme de séparation en voix de Chew et Wu. La première étape de cet algorithme, qui segmente la partition en "contigs" avec un nombre de voix constant, est particulièrement robuste. La suite des travaux de cette thèse porte sur la seconde étape de l'algorithme de Chew et Wu, qui définit l'ordre de connexions des contigs et la manière de les connecter. J'améliore ces connexions en utilisant des paramètres musicaux comme la différence des moyennes des hauteurs des notes entre contigs voisins. La thèse se conclut en évaluant conjointement la séparation en voix et la recherche de motifs pour l'analyse musicale de fugues / Music can be either monophonic (a single note sounds at each time) or polyphonic (several notes sound simultaneously, building harmonies). Understanding polyphonic music can be very complex. The goal of this thesis in computer music is to ease the analysis of polyphonic scores by splitting them in either monophonic voices or streams (coherent sets of notes). Research in this thesis first consists in comparing three voices separation algorithms and three streams separation algorithms. I propose an evaluation method to fairly compare these two approaches. This study shows the qualities of the Chew and Wu algorithm. The first step of this algorithm, which segments the score into “contigs” having a constant number of voices, is particularly robust. Further work of this thesis focuses on the second stage of the Chew and Wu algorithm that defines what contigs to connect and how to connect them. I improve these connections by using musical parameters such as the average pitch difference between neighbor contigs. The thesis concludes by evaluating simultaneously voice separation and pattern matching for the music analysis of fugues