Indium tin oxide (ITO) films were deposited onto the glass substrate by rf reactive magnetron sputtering method. Deposition was performed by changing processing conditions, such as rf power, process pressure and substrate temperature. The structural, optical and electrical properties of ITO films have been characterized by X-ray diffraction, optical transmittance and sheet resistance. In the process of ITO deposition, we change rf power and fix process pressure at room temperature. And we change process pressure after finding low sheet resistance by changing rf power at room temperature. The low sheet resistance of 35 £[/¡¼ was obtained at room temperature. In addition, we change the substrate temperature while keeping the same rf power and process pressure. When the temperature is 400¢J, the sheet resistance as low as 6.98 £[/¡¼ was obtained. The diffraction peaks on (211), (222), (400), and (440) directions were observed by XRD analysis. Under high temperature (300¢J) deposition the transmittance and diffraction peaks of the films were found to change with different rf power and process pressure. However, the sheet resistances are about the same during the interest for both rf power and process pressure. The UV-visible spectra indicate that the optical transmittance of all the films is between 65 % ~ 90 % at visible range.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2002. / Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 143-148). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.

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Chapter 1 briefly covers the development and utility of allylboron reagents in organic synthesis. Transition models proposed for addition to carbonyl groups and imines are discussed and selected examples of the utility of these reagents to the synthesis of complex molecule covered. In chapter 2 the allylation and crotylation of ketones using allyl- and crotyltrifluoroborates and montmorillonite K-10 are described. The method is scalable and utilizes a reliable catalyst with high functional group tolerance. A conventional work-up is not required for further purification, since the boric acid by-product of the reagent remains trapped in the cavity of the K-10. The method is quite robust and provides an operationally straightforward procedure for the allylation of a range of ketones using the air and moisture stable potassium allyltrifluoroborate. In Chapter 3, the first indium-mediated highly chemo- and diastereoselective allylation of α,β- epoxyketones using allyltrifluoroborate was developed. It was shown in the case of simple ketone substrates, the loading of indium can be reduced to catalytic quantities without a diminishment in yield. The stereochemical nature of the epoxy homoallylic alcohols was ii unequivocally established through Payne rearrangement. Mechanistic studies indicate that the reaction proceeds through an allylindium species; although the nature of the indium species was not fully elucidated. Finally, in chapter 4 regioselective allylation and diastereoselective crotylation of various indoles are discussed using BF3·Et2O as a promoter. It was shown that the electronic effects of the substituents on the indole ring had little effect on the outcome of the reaction. However, steric factors were more influential on the yields and reactivity of the substrates. Stereospecific addition of the E- and Z-crotyltrifluoroborates could also be achieved under the reaction conditions, providing the corresponding anti and syn products, respectively.

Chapter 1 briefly covers the development and utility of allylboron reagents in organic synthesis. Transition models proposed for addition to carbonyl groups and imines are discussed and selected examples of the utility of these reagents to the synthesis of complex molecule covered. In chapter 2 the allylation and crotylation of ketones using allyl- and crotyltrifluoroborates and montmorillonite K-10 are described. The method is scalable and utilizes a reliable catalyst with high functional group tolerance. A conventional work-up is not required for further purification, since the boric acid by-product of the reagent remains trapped in the cavity of the K-10. The method is quite robust and provides an operationally straightforward procedure for the allylation of a range of ketones using the air and moisture stable potassium allyltrifluoroborate. In Chapter 3, the first indium-mediated highly chemo- and diastereoselective allylation of α,β- epoxyketones using allyltrifluoroborate was developed. It was shown in the case of simple ketone substrates, the loading of indium can be reduced to catalytic quantities without a diminishment in yield. The stereochemical nature of the epoxy homoallylic alcohols was ii unequivocally established through Payne rearrangement. Mechanistic studies indicate that the reaction proceeds through an allylindium species; although the nature of the indium species was not fully elucidated. Finally, in chapter 4 regioselective allylation and diastereoselective crotylation of various indoles are discussed using BF3·Et2O as a promoter. It was shown that the electronic effects of the substituents on the indole ring had little effect on the outcome of the reaction. However, steric factors were more influential on the yields and reactivity of the substrates. Stereospecific addition of the E- and Z-crotyltrifluoroborates could also be achieved under the reaction conditions, providing the corresponding anti and syn products, respectively.

No description available.

No description available.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--York University, 2005. Graduate Programme in Mathematics and Statistics. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 114-123). Also available on the Internet. MODE OF ACCESS via web browser by entering the following URL: http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:NR19804

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 1995. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves [164]-169).