Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1958. / Typescript. Abstracted in Dissertation abstracts, v. 18 (1958) no. 6, p. 2181. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at Austin, 2005. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

Köln, Universiẗat, Diss., 2001.

Universiẗat, Diss., 2001--Konstanz.

University, Diss., 2004--Bonn.

No description available.

The spectra of Indium have been photographed from the infra-red to the vacuum ultra-violet on a two metre vacuum spectrograph, a twenty-one foot grating, and a Littrow prism spectrograph. Two sources have been used: an electrodeless discharge and a condensed vacuum spark. Some 1250 Indium lines have been measured in the region 8200 to 237 Angstroms. Oh the basis of these measurements, new energy levels have been found for all spark spectra up to In V. The main extension of analysis has been in In III where we have added thirty-five new terms. The resulting analyses have been critically examined in terms of intermediate coupling theory, which is shown to be satisfactory when perturbations are not present, except in one configuration in In IV in which there are serious departures from theory. Hyperfine structure has been measured in In III and In II, and perturbation calculations have been made which account for observed departures from the Landé interval rule. / Science, Faculty of / Physics and Astronomy, Department of / Graduate

A study has been made of some energy and momentum properties associated with the electrons of superconducting indium. In the experiments, an electric current was induced in the indium sample and measurements were made to detect any effects of an increasing super-state electron density on the current. By lowering the sample's temperature appropriately, the electron density could be controlled. The indium sample studied was in the form of a thin film, constructed by vacuum evaporation onto a glass substrate. Two indium wires connected the ends of the thin film to a copper wafer, forming a complete electric circuit. This circuit was electrically isolated and measurements of the current through the thin film were made with a search-coil coupled to the current's magnetic field. A relationship between the current changes observed and some momentum properties of superstate electrons was then established. The assumption that all "virtual pairs" in a superconductor have a common momentum proved consistent with the experimental results. Theoretical calculations are given which suggest that only those normal electrons with a preferred momentum can take part in increasing the superconductive electron density. This implies that a superstate electron system may effect the transformation of internal energy into work. However, the experiments carried out have not been sufficiently sensitive to show this conclusively. The inference stated above is based on the experimental results in conjunction with the required agreement of theoretical calculations with accepted theory. The indium-copper junction resistance had a resistance value which was markedly temperature dependent in the region below 3.4°K (the transition temperature of pure indium). A variation of resistance between the extremes 9.4 x 10⁻¹º Ω at 3.1°K and 8 x 10⁻¹º Ω at 1.2°K was found. The cause of this large resistance change is ascribed to various effects but probably the most important one is the diffusion of copper impurity into the indium. Arguments in favor of this explanation are given. A number of suggestions are also included which may be helpful to the design of experiments similar to the one reported in this thesis. / Science, Faculty of / Physics and Astronomy, Department of / Graduate

Selective chemical reactions that can be accomplished with minimal waste using non-toxic catalysts and reagents will allow for new greener chemical processes for future environmentally sustainable technologies. This work will present an account on enantioselective nucleophilic addition to carbon-nitrogen and carbon-oxygen double bonds mediated by the environmentally benign indium and bismuth metals. The dissertation entitled “ Stereoselective carbon-carbon bond construction using indium and bismuth: new methods in green chemistry” is divided into three chapters Chapter one outlines a few concepts in green chemistry and background information on the vital role of indium and bismuth in present day organic synthesis. The development of a procedure for using allylic alcohol derivatives for ümpolung type allylation of chiral hydrazones is described in chapter two. This procedure affords homo allylic amines in good yields and excellent diastereoselectivity. An interesting study with respect to the mechanism of the reaction has been conducted. Switching gears towards the end of this chapter, ultrasound-promoted indium-mediated Reformatsky reaction of chiral hydrazones is described. This chapter describes a potential green chemical method for making β-amino acids. In chapter three, indium mediated enantioselective allylation of α-ketoamides is described. The developed procedure is applied in the allylation of linear and cyclic α- ketoamides. Overall, an operationally simple and environmentally benign stratergy development has been explained. The later section of this chapter discusses the Reformatsky reaction in isatin series using the same protocol applied for imines. To fully explore any organometallic reaction, it is important to understand the mechanism with which they operate at molecular level. Chapter three outlines some of our attempts to understand the enantioselective indium and bismuth mediated allylation and the nature of chiral- indium and bismuth Lewis acids. A postive non-linear effect has been observed and studied in bismuth-mediated allylation. Key findings obtained in each chapter and their implications to the future of our research is also discussed in each chapter. The chapters also details on what we understood about the potentials of organoindium and organobismuth chemistry towards developing new green chemical methods.

No description available.