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Recent theories from the field of industrial geography contend that region-specific, 'untraded interdependencies', including networking, conventions and rules within the business community, are important assets in enabling small, innovative firms to learn about technological and organisational development. The 'learning region' has since been adopted as a slogan for economic development and renewal, despite limited empirical analysis on the spatial dimensions of actual learning processes. The purpose of this study is to analyse how innovative firms combine sources of information in a spatial setting. Analysis from the empirical findings reveals that small, innovative firms in the case study example of the instrumentation and control sector located in the outer area of the London Metropolitan Region (LMR), predominantly rely on a few key sources of information, recombined with knowledge of information from past employment. These key sources are usually linkages with other firms, particularly customers, that transcend regional and national boundaries. The spatial dimensions of information acquisition depend on the type of information. Sources that are more important at the regional level are relatively more important to more generalised aspects of information acquisition. Underpinning these observations is the significance of the relationship between the spatial dimensions of information flows and the nature of the firms' innovation characteristics. The specific information required for technological development is spatially dispersed from the firms' home region, whereas more generalised types of information diffuse more easily from region to region. The location behaviour of the firms is nevertheless explained by the need to co-ordinate information flows. This is because transport links are important in enabling the firms to access specific information beyond the region. The availability of various sources of more generalised information in the London Metropolitan Region is still regarded as a vital support mechanism for small-scale innovation in the IC sector. The policy implications of this analysis are addressed.

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Environmental regulatory policy in the U.S. is a mixture of federal, state, and local activity and impacts. This is true of air quality regulations, which are governed at the federal level by the Clean Air Act. This dissertation analyzes both the political economy of federal environmental regulations and the empirical effects of ozone regulations under the Clean Air Act.A political economy model is developed that offers a motivation for political support of national environmental policy that regulates strictly local pollution. Altering local environmental policies in other jurisdictions will cause capital migration, which may increase local welfare. Thus, individuals have an incentive to influence local policies in other jurisdictions. National environmental policy then becomes a potential tool for inter-jurisdictional competition.The empirical impacts of ground-level ozone regulations under the Clean Air Act are also analyzed. The Clean Air Act established minimum air quality standards; localities failing to meet the established standards are classified as nonattainment areas and are subject to additional environmental regulations. These new regulations have a direct impact on polluting industries, and therefore also an indirect impact on the revenues and expenditures of local governments.First, nonattainment status is seen to alter regional industrial geography. Overall economic activity declines in both nonattainment areas and the surrounding jurisdictions. Gaining attainment status partially mitigates these impacts, although to some extent theeconomic impacts in both nonattainment areas and the surrounding jurisdictions do permanently persist. I also find evidence that manufacturing activity relocates from nonattainment areas to surrounding areas that face more lenient air quality regulations.Ozone nonattainment status is also seen to produce fiscal effects for local governments as changes in industrial geography alter local tax bases. Revenues and expenditures decline in regulated population centers, while they increase in surrounding areas. These increases diminish with distance from the urban center. Also, the fiscal impacts persist even after attainment status has been gained.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-05-17T16:51:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2015-11-11. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2016-05-17T16:55:42Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000864080.pdf: 2425943 bytes, checksum: 511170cd0fa683ab53e7a3d599be8645 (MD5) / O Brasil vivenciou, a partir da década de 1990, mudanças na organização do seu território. A lógica de produção capitalista, com caráter financeiro e internacional se estabeleceu, neste período, no país, provocando, dentre outros aspectos, processos de concentração/aglomeração de atividades produtivas similares ou complementares em um mesmo município ou região. Houve, a partir desse período, grande surgimento dessas formas de organização produtiva (concentradas em aglomerado) no país. Em razão disso, as instituições públicas brasileiras passaram a demonstrar grande interesse nas mesmas, como formas de promoção de desenvolvimento nos territórios. Neste sentido, buscou-se, neste trabalho, compreender as dificuldades e perspectivas das empresas do aglomerado industrial do município de Tabatinga - SP, com ênfase na gestão financeira das mesmas, de modo a verificar as condições dessas empresas frente a um ambiente de grande competição de mercado. Além disso, procurou-se identificar e analisar as relações existentes entre as empresas na busca de desenvolvimento próprio e para o território em que estão inseridas. Para tal, foram realizados: estudos teóricos a respeito das temáticas; levantamento de dados secundários para conhecimento dos ramos de bicho de pelúcia e de enxoval de bebê; e, pesquisa de campo com nove empresas do aglomerado. Foi possível identificar que, inicialmente, as empresas apresentavam dificuldades relacionadas à sua informalidade. Para superação dessa condição, atuaram na formalização dos empreendimentos, na contratação de novos empregados (já com relações formais) e na mudança de local doméstico para imóvel comercial, para que, dessa forma, pudessem promover crescimento nas suas vendas e participação de mercado. As empresas entrevistadas apresentam ações individualizadas (compra, venda e inovação), que poderiam ser coletivas se o aglomerado industrial apresentasse... / Brazil has been experienced from the 1990s, changes in the organization of its territory. The capitalist production logic, with a financial and international character has been established during this period in the country, causing, among other things, processes of concentration / agglomeration of similar or complementary productive activities in the same municipality or region. It has been occurred, from that period, a large emergence of these productive organization forms (concentrated in agglomeration) in the country. As a result, Brazilian public institutions began to show great interest in them, as ways of promoting development in the territories. In this sense, this work aimed to understand the problems and prospects of the companies in the industrial agglomeration of the municipality of Tabatinga-SP, with an emphasis on financial management of the same, in order to check the conditions of these companies to face an environment of great competition of market. In addition, it sought to identify and analyze the relationships among the companies in the search for their own development and for the development of the territory in which they operate. To this end, it has been performed: theoretical studies on the topics; collection of secondary data to knowledge the branches of stuffed toys and of baby outfits; and field research with nine companies of the agglomeration. It has been identified that, initially, the companies had difficulties related to their informality. To overcome this condition, they worked in the formalization of the companies, the hiring of new employees (already with formal relations) and the changing of domestic location for commercial property, for which, therefore, could promote growth in sales and market share. Interviewed companies have individualized actions (buying, selling and innovation), which could be collective if the industrial agglomeration presented a dynamic cooperation. In addition, there are numerous...

Orientador: Auro Aparecido Mendes / Banca: Silvia Aparecida Guarnieri Ortigoza / Banca: Andréia Medinilha Pancher / Banca: Paulo Roberto Jóia / Banca: Rafael Alves Orsi / Resumo: A presente Tese de Doutorado teve como escopo avaliar as ocorrências dos acidentes com produtos químicos no estado de São Paulo. Apesar da utilização de novas tecnologias que visam a minimizar ou eliminar a ocorrência dos acidentes com tais produtos, houve aumento no número de acidentes com esses produtos, no período de 1980 - 2009, no estado de São Paulo. Um acidente com produto químico pode contaminar as águas e solos, devido ao vazamento de substâncias químicas, acarretando danos irreparáveis ao meio ambiente; além de ocasionar, por conseguinte, graves danos aos seres humanos, inclusive com óbitos. Conforme dados coletados, 72,2% do total dos acidentes com produtos químicos, ocorridos no estado de São Paulo, no período de 1980-2009, foram registrados nas atividades, relacionados aos riscos industriais e riscos tecnológicos. Nas atividades referentes aos riscos industriais: armazenamento, descarte, indústria, postos e sistemas retalhistas de combustíveis, ocorreram 22,6% do total de acidentes; nas atividades referentes aos riscos tecnológicos: transportes aquaviário, ferroviário, por duto e rodoviário, ocorreram 49,6% do total dos acidentes. Tais dados sobre os acidentes com produtos químicos só foram possíveis de serem devidamente analisados e interpretados porque foram espacializados. Nesse sentido, o uso do software Arc Gis foi importante para visualizar o total de acidentes, causas e meios atingidos no estado de São Paulo e, posteriormente, a distribuição espacial desse... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The purpose of this PhD thesis was to evaluate the occurrence of chemical accidents in the São Paulo state. Despite the use of new technologies aimed at minimizing or eliminating the occurrence of accidents with such products, there was an increase in the number of accidents with these products, from 1980 to 2009, in the São Paulo state. A chemical accident can contaminate water and soil due to the release of chemicals, causing irreparable damage to the environment; besides causing, consequently, serious damages to the human beings, even with deaths. According to data collected, 72.2% of the total number of chemical accidents occurred in the São Paulo state during the period 1980-2009 were recorded in activities related to industrial risks and technological risks. In activities related to industrial risks: storage, disposal, industry and gas stations, there were 22.6% of total accidents; in activities related to technological risks: waterway, rail, duct and road transportation, 49.6% of all accidents occurred. Such data on chemical accidents were only possible to be properly analyzed and interpreted because they were spatialized. In this sense, the use of the Arc Gis software was important to visualize the total number of accidents, causes and means reached in the São Paulo state and, later, the spatial distribution of these accidents with chemical products by Administrative Region, was of great value for the understanding of the accidents investigated. The research also reve... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor