<p>Software design decisions were considered in this study, as the possibly principal factor for unplanned adjustments related to the embedded software handling, at production- and service processes. The study reveals an increase of requirement changes during the last phases in then software development projects execution, which forces late design decisions in order to fulfil the changed requirements. Consequently, the likelihood of risks for unexpected impacts on the subsequent processes will increase.</p><p>A research approach based on interviews and data from previous projects at Volvo CE was performed. The process methodology used at Volvo CE for software development was investigated from the project planning and control view and the project team member’s perspective.<em></em></p><p>A high amount of software-design decisions were encountered at the end of the software development process at Volvo CE, as a result of numerous requirement changes at the final phases of the projects execution. A gap was identified between how the process methodology specified the progression of activities for software development and the actual progression of the project activities in Volvo CE.</p><p>This study discusses problem areas in the software development process at Volvo CE from an embedded design decisions perspective. As future work, the study recommends three steps to find improvements to the process methodology: 1) Update the process based on standardized procedures for management of requirements changes, risk handling, and communication. 2) Further analysis and possible adaptations of the process model 3) Develop methods and/or tools for process quality assurance.</p><p>The management of the embedded software decisions appears to be a very complicated area, the conventional statements on the importance of the decisions in the earlier phases, at least, should be further discussed and investigated.</p> / PREPARE

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<p>This paper investigates the solution of the free rigid body equations of motion, as well as of the equations governing the torqued rigid body. We will consider two semi-exact methods for the solution of the free rigid body equations, and we discuss the use of both rotation matrices and quaternions to describe the motion of the body; our focus is on the quaternion formulation. The approach to which we give the most attention is based on the Magnus series expansion, and we derive numerical methods of order 2, 4, 6, and 8, which are optimal as they require a minimal number of commutators. The other approach uses Gaussian quadrature to approximate an elliptic integral of the third kind. Both methods rely on the exact solution of the Euler equation which involves the exact computation of the elliptic integral of the first kind. For the solution of the torqued rigid body equations, we divide the equations into two systems where one of them is the free rigid body equations; the solutions of these two systems are then combined in the Störmer-Verlet splitting scheme. We use these methods to solve the so-called marine vessel equations. Our numerical experiments suggest that the methods we present are robust and accurate numerical integrators of both the free and the torqued rigid body.</p>

<p>Several feature extraction techniques, algorithms and toolkits are researched to investigate how speech recognition is performed. Spectrograms were found to be the simplest feature extraction techniques for visual representation of speech, and are explored and experimented with to see how phonemes are recognized. Hidden Markov models were found to be the best algorithms used for speech recognition. Hidden Markov model toolkit and Center for Spoken Language Understanding Toolkit, which are based on hidden Markov models, were not found to be suitable for the intentions of the thesis.</p>

<p>In kernel density estimation, the most crucial step is to select a proper bandwidth (smoothing parameter). There are two conceptually different approaches to this problem: a subjective and an objective approach. In this report, we only consider the objective approach, which is based upon minimizing an error, defined by an error criterion. The most common objective bandwidth selection method is to minimize some squared error expression, but this method is not without its critics. This approach is said to not perform satisfactory in the tail(s) of the density, and to put too much weight on observations close to the mode(s) of the density. An approach which minimizes an absolute error expression, is thought to be without these drawbacks. We will provide a new explicit formula for the mean integrated absolute error. The optimal mean integrated absolute error bandwidth will be compared to the optimal mean integrated squared error bandwidth. We will argue that these two bandwidths are essentially equal. In addition, we study data-driven bandwidth selection, and we will propose a new data-driven bandwidth selector. Our new bandwidth selector has promising behavior with respect to the visual error criterion, especially in the cases of limited sample sizes.</p>

<p>In this master thesis we have presented a security analysis of the TLS protocol with particular emphasis on the recently discovered renegotiation attack. From our security proof we get that the Handshake protocol with renegotiation, including the fix from IETF, is secure, and hence not vulnerable to the renegotiation attack anymore. We have also analysed the Handshake protocol with session resumption, and the Application data protocol together with the Record protocol. Both of these protocols were deemed secure as well. All the security proofs are based on the UC (Universal Composability) security framework.</p>

<p>In the last years, there has been done research in using topology as a new tool for studying data sets, typically high dimensional data. These studies have brought new methods for qualitative analysis, simplification, and visualization of high dimensional data sets. One good example, where these methods are useful, is in the study of microarray data (DNA data). To be able to use these methods, one needs to acquire knowledge of different topics in topology. In this paper we introduce simplicial homology, persistent homology, Mapper, and some simplicial complex constructions.</p>

<p>A priority based rule for use during the process of scheduling trains oper- ating on a single track railway line was proposed by the Norwegian railway operator and owner, Jernbaneverket. The purpose of this study is to inves- tigate the effect of the suggested scheduling rule on the scheduled waiting times suffered by trains operating on a segment of the railway line. It is shown that the scheduling rule, under certain limiting assumptions, can be studied in the setting of queuing theory and that it has properties in common with a theoretical priority discipline combining two well docu- mented priority rules. The main part of this study is the development and analysis of a threshold based, combined preemptive/non-preemptive priority discipline. Under the combined discipline, preemptions are allowed during the early stage of processing only. Theoretical expressions for flow-times of jobs passing through the queuing system are reached through detailed studies of the non-preemptive and the preemptive priority discipline. The relationship between the suggested priority based scheduling rule and the theoretical, combined priority discipline is finally illustrated by sim- ulations. When adjusted for actual time spent by trains on traversing the line segment, the steady state solution for flow-times obtained from queuing theory yields an accurate expression for the trains’ average scheduled wait- ing times. The scheduling problem can in fact be modeled accurately by an M/G/1 queue under the combined priority discipline.</p>