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Factors influencing the success of activity-based costing in the Nelson Mandela Bay metropole manufacturing industryReynolds, Arthur 08 May 2014 (has links)
Past research on activity-based costing (ABC) success factors has predominantly
focused on establishing relationships between known success factors and ABC
implementation success. According to the researcher, there is a lack of exploratory
studies to establish ABC implementation factors especially in a South
African context. This study has explored these factors from literature and
attempted to identify any other factors of importance with the use of semistructured
interviews. A total number of 13 interviews were conducted with
participants from manufacturing organisations in the Nelson Mandela Bay
Metropole using some form of ABC. The findings suggested that ABC may be
more beneficial at larger, more diverse organisations but that smaller organisations
may also benefit from ABC if product costing accuracy could be
significantly improved with ABC and if no major pressure on company resources
is incurred. In addition it seems that ABC should be utilised to the fullest extent
that is practical for the manufacturing organisation and that the use of
supplementary cost-saving mechanisms with ABC may be beneficial. Finally it
is recommended that users be fully trained at ABC and that careful consideration
of an appropriate ABC software package may increase the likelihood of ABC
implementation success. / Management Accounting / M. Phil. (Management Accounting)
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Die fabriekswese in stedelike ontwikkeling : 'n institusioneel-ekonomiese perspektief op die Suid-Afrikaanse ervaringLotter, Johan C 12 1900 (has links)
Thesis (DPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2000. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT:The historical Apartheid policy caused a lack ofinterest in metropolitan management
in South Africa. Metropolitan management mainly focussed on limiting the
accessibility ofthe non-white population to economic activities in urban areas. White
institutions directed the intra-urban structure of urban areas to maintain their dominant
economic, social and political position in the South African community.
Increasing urbanization and constitutional changes in South Africa since 1991,
together with international theoretical developments, necessitated a reconsideration
of the nature of metropolitan management. For this purpose the objectives of
metropolitan management were reformulated and industrial location was identified as
an instrument in metropolitan management to increase the accessibility to economic
activities. Itwas also determined that the non-establishment of industries intraditional
non -white urban areas and the long distances between workplace and residential areas
in North Gauteng limited the accessibility to non-whites.
The New Institutional Approach, which serves as the theoretical starting point in this
study, emphasises the role of rival individuals and interest groups in determining the
intra-urban structure. An analysis of the role of primarily white individuals and
interest groups, namely the community, the local and central governments, and the
industrial entrepreneur, showed that the local and central governments played a
determining role in establishing the intra-urban structure of the study area. The
approach of the community and industrial entrepreneurs was mostly directed towards
their own private interests and the inaccessibility of the study area for non-white
population groups did not concern them.
The institutions of the town councillors and officials of the local governments
originated from exogenous institutions which were enforced on local governments from
the central government and endogenic institutions which derived from a long
tradition of urban planning. These institutions do not relate to the realities of the
South African community and therefore a new institutional framework for decisionmaking
on intra-urban structure was needed.
Although this study only concerns one metropolitan area, the study area manifests all
the characteristics of a typical Apartheid city in South Africa and the conclusions can
be used in the reformulation of metropolitan management for most areas in South
Africa. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die historiese Apartheidsbeleid het veroorsaak dat metropolitaanse bestuur in Suid-
Afrika nie veel aandag gekry het nie. Metropolitaanse bestuur was grootliks gerig op
die beperking van die toeganklikheid van nie-blanke bevolkingsgroepe tot ekonomiese
aktiwiteite in stedelike gebiede. Blanke instellings het die intra-stedelike struktuurvan
stedelike gebiede gerig om huloorheersende ekonomiese, sosiale en politieke posisie
in die Suid-Afrikaanse samelewing te handhaaf.
Toenemende verstedeliking en konstitusionele verandering in Suid-Afrika sedert 1991,
tesame met internasionale teoretiese ontwikkelinge, het 'n herbesinning oor die aard
van metropolitaanse bestuur genoodsaak. Vir doeleindes hiervan is die doelstellings
van metropolitaanse bestuur herformuleer en is fabrieksvestiging as 'n instrument in
metropolitaanse bestuur geïdentifiseer om die toeganklikheid tot ekonomiese
aktiwiteite te verhoog. Daar is bepaal dat die gebrek aan fabrieksvestiging in die
tradisionele nie-blanke stedelike gebiede en die groot afstande tussen werks- en
woonplek in Noord-Gauteng toeganklikheid vir nie-blankes beperk het.
Die Nuwe Institusionele Benadering, wat as 'n teoretiese vertrekpunt vir die studie
dien, beklemtoon die rol van mededingende indiwidue en belangegroepe in die
bepaling van die intra-stedelike struktuur. In Ontleding van die rol van hoofsaaklik
blanke indiwidue en belangegroepe, nl. die gemeenskap, die plaaslike en sentrale
owerhede, en die fabrieksondernemer, het getoon dat die plaaslike en sentrale
owerhede 'n bepalende rol gespeel het in die vasstelling van die intra-stedelike
struktuur van die studiegebied. Die gemeenskap en fabrieksondernemers se
benadering was grootliks gerig op hul eie partikuliere belang en die ontoeganklikheid
van die studiegebied vir nie-blanke bevolkingsgroepe was nie vir hulle ter sake nie.
Die instellings van die stadsraadslede en amptenare van plaaslike owerhede het lVontstaan
uit eksogene instellings wat op plaaslike owerhede vanaf die sentrale
owerheid afgedwing was en endogene instellings wat uit In lang stedelike
beplanningstradisie ontstaan het. Dié instellings hou nie verband met die realiteite van
die Suid-Afrikaanse gemeenskap nie en daarom word Innuwe institusionele raamwerk
vereis waarbinne besluitneming oor die intra-stedelike struktuur kan plaasvind.
Hoewel hierdie studie slegs In gevallestudie van een metropolitaanse gebied is,
openbaar die studiegebied al die eienskappe van die tipiese Apartheidstad in Suid-
Afrika en die gevolgtrekkings kan gebruik word in die herformulering van die aard van
metropolitaanse bestuur vir die meeste gebiede in Suid-Afrika.
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Clean technology transition potential in South Africa's gold mining sector : case of Harmony's Kusasalethu MineChavalala, Bongani 03 July 2014 (has links)
Countries and governments around the world have accepted the scientific argument on the prevalence and the possible effect of global warming and climate change on the environment, world economy and ultimately human life (Nhamo, 2011). Amongst all industrial corporations, the mining industry is the biggest environmental polluter due to its extractive nature and energy intensive operations. However because of its economic importance, it cannot be abandoned, instead it needs to find a win-win situation, where it continues to succeed but minimizes environmental damage.
This thesis aims to examine the possible impact of clean technology on the sustainability of South African gold mining sector. Specifically, the study aims to determine the drivers behind the move towards clean technologies and methods, identify challenges and opportunities associated with this transition at Harmony Gold’s Kusasalethu mine. This was achieved through using Kusasalethu as a case study to which investigations of the effectiveness of clean technology and methods were carried out. The case study was multidimensional; exploring the effect of clean technology on energy consumption, greenhouse gas emission (GHG), water consumption, cyanide management and Kusasalethu’s financial performance.
While the case study was largely qualitative it involved quantitative data analysis that had to be triangulated with other data sources and data gathering instruments to achieve legitimacy. This meant that the study had to adopt the mixed research methods. The instruments used included; key informant interviews, and document analysis, structured questionnaire and a set of open ended questions that served as interview guide. The qualitative data were analyzed by means of coding, descriptions, typologies, taxonomies and visual representations, whilst quantitative data were processed through Microsoft Excel to generate various forms of descriptive statistics.
The findings indicate that resource consumption (energy, water, cyanide) depends on the mine design and gold output rate. Clean technology implementation at Kusasalethu helped the mine reduce energy consumption and GHG emissions. However scope 2 (indirect GHG emissions associated with energy consumption) is also determined by coal production technologies and methods used by coal mines. Although data on Kusasalethu water and cyanide management and related technologies was not available, the aggregate data for all Harmony Gold mines indicated higher annual water and cyanide consumption during 2010 and 2012. In terms of Kusasalethu’s financial performance and clean technology adaptation, acquisition of clean technologies increased capital expenditure temporarily. However, the positive effects of the clean technology transition and implementation minimized operational cost and increased operational profit greatly. Although adopting clean technologies calls for increased capital expenditure, this study reveals that this expenditure pays off in lower operation costs for the mine and the environment benefits through lower GHG emission. However, clean technologies are yet to impact significantly in lowering water and cyanide consumption levels as they do with energy consumption. The study concluded that clean technology and methods played a positive role on Kusasalethu’s environmental impact and financial performance by reducing energy consumption and GHG emissions. Though, more need to be done in terms of water and cyanide management. / Environmental Sciences / M. Sc. (Environmental Management)
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Loan products to manage liquidity stress when broad-based black economic empowerment (BEE) enterprises invest in productive assets.Finnemore, Gareth Robert Lionel. January 2005 (has links)
Investments in productive assets by broad-based black economic empowerment (BEE) enterprises in
South Africa (SA) during the 1990s have been constrained, in part, by a lack of access to capital. Even if
capital can be sourced, BEE businesses often face a liquidity problem, as conventional, equally
amortized loan repayment plans do not take into account the size and timing of investment returns, or
there are lags in the adjustment of management to such new investments. The aim of this dissertation,
therefore, is to compare five alternative loan products to the conventional fixed repayment (equally
amortized) loan (FRL) that lenders could offer to finance BEE investments in productive assets that are
faced with liquidity stress, namely: the single payment non-amortized loan (SPL); the decreasing
payment loan (DP); the partial payment loan (PPL); the graduated payment loan (GPL); and the deferred
payment loan (DEFPLO-2). This is done firstly by comparing loan repayment schedules for the six loans
using a loan principal of R200 000, repaid over 20 years at a nominal contractual annual interest rate of
10%. Secondly, data from five actual BEE loan applications to ABSA Bank and Ithala in KwaZulu-Natal
(KZN) during 2003 are used to compare how the FRL, SPL, DP, GPL, and DEFPLO-l, affect
investment profitability, and both the borrower's and the lender's cash-flows, assuming that the lender
sources funds from a development finance wholesaler.
Results for the first part of the study show that the SPL has smaller initial annual repayments than the
FRL (R20 000 versus R23 492) that ease liquidity stress in the early years after asset purchase, but
requires a nominal balloon repayment of both interest and principal in year 20 of R220 000. The SPL is
also the most costly loan, with total nominal and real repayments that are R130 162 and R43 821,
respectively, more than the FRL. The PPL has the lowest total nominal and real repayments assuming
that the borrower can make the nominal balloon repayment in year 5 of R202 173. If not, the ending
balance of the loan in year 4 would have to be refinanced at current market interest rates. In this
situation, the PPL uses very similar financing terms to that of the variable rate long-term loans already
used in SA, and thus may not be a useful option to consider for BEE investments facing a liquidity
problem. Interest rates may have risen over the last four years of the loan, encouraging lenders to add a
premium into the interest rate for the refinanced loan, which could worsen the liquidity position of the
BEE enterprise. The DP requires higher initial nominal annual loan repayments (R6 508 more than the
FRL) that do not ease the liquidity problem in the early years of operation. The DP loan, however, has total nominal and real repayments that are R59 838 and R23 118, respectively, less than the FRL. A
GPL with diminishing, finite interest-rate subsidy seems to have the most potential to ease the BEE
investment's liquidity stress. The 17YRGPL used to buy land had total nominal and real repayments that
were R84 634 and R67 726 (after subsidy), respectively, less than the FRL. If the GPL was used to
purchase machinery-type assets, then the 6YRGPL would have required total nominal and real
repayments of R13 957 and R12 596, respectively, less than the FRL. Finally, the DEFPLO-2 loan
required a total nominal repayment of R531 128 (R61 290 more than the FRL) and a total real
repayment of R345 358 (R26 095 more than the FRL). Clearly, the GPL and DEFPLO-2 loan repayment
schedules can partly resolve the liquidity problem in the early years (assuming no major income shocks),
although the DEFPLO-2 plan requires higher total repayments than the FRL. The question remains
whether lenders would be prepared to implement these two financing plans for BEE investments in
productive assets, where the funds to finance the diminishing, finite interest-rate subsidy or the
deferment would be sourced, and how the interest-rate subsidy would affect asset values.
In the second part of the study, the profitability of the five proposed BEE investments in KZN during
2003 was compared for the five loan products using the Net Present Value (NPV) and the Internal Rateof-
return (lRR) capital budgeting procedures. The loan terms, interest rates, principal and characteristics
of each BEE firm are different with current rates of return on equity varying by business type.
Companies A (five-year loan) and C (10-year loan) are agribusinesses with a higher expected current
rate of return of 8% on machinery investments, while companies B (eight-year loan), D (15-year loan),
and E (20-year loan) invest in farmland with a lower expected current annual rate of return of 5%. The
five business plans may not be representative in a statistical sense of all BEE firms in KZN, but were
used because they were readily available. Initially it was assumed that donor/grant funds from a
development finance wholesaler were lent to an intermediary (like a commercial bank), which in turn,
could finance the five investments using any of the five alternative loans, with the lender's repayment to
the wholesaler being via a FRL. It was then assumed that the lender could repay its borrowed funds
using the same loans, or combinations of them, that it had granted to these companies. Results show that
GPLs and DEFPLs can resolve the liquidity problem associated with investments like land in the early
years after purchase provided that projected business performance is adequate, while the SPL and GPL
are preferred for BEE projects with stronger initial cash-flows like machinery investments. The study
also shows that the loan product that best improves the borrower's liquidity is not always best suited to
the lender. In most cases, the GPL suited the borrower, but in four of the five cases, the lender would prefer the SPL and to repay the wholesaler using the SPL. The SPL, however, is unlikely to be used,
given the large negative real net cash-flows that it generates when the final payments are due.
Recent SA experience with the GPLs (interest rate subsidies funded by private sector sugar millers via
Ithala) and the DEFPLs (via the Land Reform Empowerment Facility (LREF) which is a wholesaler of
funds in SA) suggests that there is scope to alleviate the liquidity problem if a wholesaler of funds can
offer such terms to private banks and venture capital investors who then on-lend to finance BEE asset
investments that are otherwise considered relatively high credit risks. This would shift the liquidity
problem away from the client to the wholesaler of the funds, but requires access to capital at favourable
interest rates. Such capital could be sourced from dedicated empowerment funds earmarked by the
private sector, donors and the SA government.
The lesson for policymakers is that broad-based BEE could be promoted in other farm and non-farm
sectors in SA using similar innovative loan products to complement cash grant funds via financial
intermediaries, bearing in mind the limitations of the GPL and DEFPL - such as how to finance the
subsidy or deferment, and the impact of income shocks. Donor and National Empowerment Fund capital
could be used to allocate grants to provide previously disadvantaged individuals with own equity and
also to fund finite, diminishing interest-rate subsidies via GPLs, or to fund DEFPLs (many LREF loans
have been leveraged by a cash grant component). This could create an incentive for public/private
partnerships, as public/donor funds could be then used to attract private sector funds to finance broadbased
BEE investments in SA that satisfy empowerment criteria. The five case studies did not show how
the GPLs and DEFPLs could make all profitable (positive net present value) but financially infeasible
(returns do not match the size and timing of the lender's financing plan) BEE investments in productive
assets under the FRL feasible, except for Company E that showed a positive NPV and IRR when the
19YRGPL was used. They did, however, show how the alternative loans could improve liquidity for
investments with either strong or poor cash-flows. The financiers consulted to source case studies in
KZN in 2003 at the time of the study could not provide the researcher with any profitable, but
financially infeasible, BEE business plans. This raises some concern about how effective these
empowerment loan products could be in the future as there is uncertainty over how many potential BEE
investments in productive assets in SA are likely to be profitable but financially infeasible. Further
research is thus needed to assess the impact of these alternative loans on a wider range of broad-based
BEE investments, particularly non-farm projects, than considered in this dissertation. / Thesis (M.Agric.Mgt.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2005.
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The relationship between graduate employability and work performance in the mining industry in South AfricaBreedt, M. 06 1900 (has links)
In a rapid changing environment mining companies have to change the way in which they do
business, while employees have to manage their careers and ensure they are multi-skilled.
Organisations are looking to employ individuals who are career driven, highly adaptable and
flexible and display the necessary employability skills.
The main purpose of this study was to determine if any relationship exists between the
different factors of graduate employability and work performance in the mining industry in
South Africa. A cross-sectional quantitative research approach was followed. A simple random
sample was drawn from graduate male and female employees between the ages of 18 – 30
years with any post-matric qualification employed in the mining industry in South Africa.
Through the process of exploratory factor analysis, six graduate employability factors and four
work performance factors were identified. The graduate employability factors included career
self-management drive, cultural competence, career resilience, emotional literacy, career
literacy and self-efficacy. The work performance factors included the supervisor role,
employee role, recognition and organisation support. Correlation and regression analyses
were conducted.
The results indicated a relationship between graduate employability and work performance.
Strong, positive correlations were found between graduate employability and work
performance with career self-management drive being the strongest predictor of work
performance. Recommendations for the mining industry focused on how employability could
be enhanced to improve work performance. / Human Resource Management / M. Com. (Human Resource Management)
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Managing the phenomenon of Sexual harassment in the manufacturing industryKölkenbeck-Ruh, Rudolph Karl 30 June 2003 (has links)
All companies have strategic assets comprising financial capital, physical capital, human capital and organisational capital which, when effectively utilised, contribute to the competitive advantage necessary to survive in a globalised economy. The manifestation of adverse factors in a company will impact detrimentally on the performance of these strategic assets. Since the 1980s, one factor has become prominent in the management of a company’s human capital, namely sexual harassment.
Sexual harassment constitutes behaviour of a sexual nature that leads to, and perpetuates, a working environment in which it becomes unpleasant to work, and if allowed to go unchecked, will lead to the underperformance of the company’s human capital. Besides the cost of litigation associated with sexual harassment, companies are confronted with the more troubling and subtle costs arising out of the psychological and physiological harm to both victims and co-workers. The psychological and physiological effects manifest themselves in symptoms such as depression, frustration, decreased self-esteem and fatigue which, in turn, lead to decreased productivity and increased absenteeism. Accordingly, in an effort to gain the competitive advantage to survive in a globalised economy, companies must manage the phenomenon of sexual harassment in the workplace.
The existing theoretical principles relating to the management of sexual harassment in the workplace have been analysed in depth and a model developed to satisfy this need. This model was subsequently used to determine to what extent sexual harassment management is taking place within companies affiliated to the Steel and Engineering Industries Federation of South Africa (SEIFSA).
Various informative findings resulted from the investigation, amongst which were the lack of a proper sexual harassment policy within companies, the lack of proper training of employees regarding the occurrence of this phenomenon in the workplace, and the absence of proper formal/informal complaints procedures.
It thus became evident that the management of sexual harassment in these companies – despite the Government’s Code of Good Practice on the Handling of Sexual Harassment Cases – had not been fully established and that there is a need for guidelines in this regard. / Business Management / D. Comm. (Business Management)
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A comparative study of investment incentives available to the manufacturing sector in South Africa, Malaysia and SingaporeWentzel, Martha Susanna Isabella 11 1900 (has links)
This study identifies additional investment incentives, applicable to the manufacturing sector, which the South African government could introduce to encourage investors to choose the South African manufacturing sector as a desired investment destination. A comparison is made between the relevant investment incentives provided to manufacturing companies by Malaysia and Singapore and those provided by South Africa, in order to examine the similarities and differences between these incentives.
In the light of these findings, recommendations are made for revised or additional investment incentives in South Africa to promote investment in South African manufacturing companies and reduce some of the barriers that prevent local and foreign investment in South Africa. / Accounting / M. Com. (Accounting)
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Factors influencing the success of activity-based costing in the Nelson Mandela Bay metropole manufacturing industryReynolds, Arthur 08 May 2014 (has links)
Past research on activity-based costing (ABC) success factors has predominantly
focused on establishing relationships between known success factors and ABC
implementation success. According to the researcher, there is a lack of exploratory
studies to establish ABC implementation factors especially in a South
African context. This study has explored these factors from literature and
attempted to identify any other factors of importance with the use of semistructured
interviews. A total number of 13 interviews were conducted with
participants from manufacturing organisations in the Nelson Mandela Bay
Metropole using some form of ABC. The findings suggested that ABC may be
more beneficial at larger, more diverse organisations but that smaller organisations
may also benefit from ABC if product costing accuracy could be
significantly improved with ABC and if no major pressure on company resources
is incurred. In addition it seems that ABC should be utilised to the fullest extent
that is practical for the manufacturing organisation and that the use of
supplementary cost-saving mechanisms with ABC may be beneficial. Finally it
is recommended that users be fully trained at ABC and that careful consideration
of an appropriate ABC software package may increase the likelihood of ABC
implementation success. / Management Accounting / M. Phil. (Management Accounting)
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Generational motivation and preference for reward and recognition in a South African facilities management firmClose, Donné Sue 01 1900 (has links)
Generational sub-groups have been stereotyped as requiring different approaches in the workplace with regard to what keeps them motivated.
This research study was conducted from a humanistic-existential paradigm, seeking to find ways to avoid the demotivation of employees that can result from one-size fits all reward and recognition policies. The research attempts to establish the existence and nature of generational differences.
Two quantitative measuring instruments, namely the Rewards Preferences Questionnaire (RPQ) and the Motivation Measure, were distributed electronically to all staff of a South African facilities management firm.
The findings indicated that there are generational sub-group preferences for certain types of reward, and different perceptions about what types of reward attract, motivate and retain employees. They can be motivated differently by some reward structures. However, for others there was no obvious preference among the generational sub-groups.
The main recommendation of the study is that companies adopt a flexible approach to reward and recognition, allowing employees to tailor reward structures according to their needs. Remuneration is the most preferred method of rewarding employees across all generations. / Industrial and Organisational Psychology / MCOM (Industrial and Organisational Psychology)
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Developing and evaluating a coaching program to improve safety leadershipEsterhuizen, Wika 11 1900 (has links)
Legislators are placing increased pressure on mining companies to improve their
safety performance. The importance of safety leadership is highlighted by its role in
safety culture and improving safety performance. The aim of this study was to
develop and evaluate the impact of a coaching program on safety leadership.
The main constructs namely safety culture, safety leadership and coaching was
conceptualised along the humanistic paradigm, with theoretical definitions and
models. In this study, safety culture is employees’ shared attitudes, beliefs,
perceptions and values about safety that affect their behaviour in the workplace.
Safety leadership is the interpersonal influence that a leader exercises to achieve
the organisation’s safety performance goals. Coaching is an interpersonal
interaction that aims to improve individual performance through increased selfawareness
and action plans. A theoretical model was developed to explain the
elements that constitute effective safety leadership. A coaching program was
developed based on executive coaching and leadership development principles.
The empirical investigation was conducted in an organisation in the South African
mining industry. A nested mixed methods design was followed. In the quantitative
study, a 360 degree survey was employed to assess the ratings of a purposive
sample (n=54) along eight dimensions before and after the coaching. Data was
analysed with descriptive and inferential analysis. Results showed statistically
significant improvements on accountability, collaboration, and feedback and
recognition after the coaching. The results reflected differences in 360 degree
ratings according to gender, race, job level, age and geographical location. The
most significant improvements were for females, Africans, management, age 51-60
years, and site 2.
In the qualitative study, a semi-structured interview was employed to study four
cases to investigate managers’ personal experiences and changes in attitude
toward safety. Data was analysed utilising thematic analysis. The findings revealed
that coaching was a positive experience and contributed to changing managers’
attitudes toward safety.
The research added to the field of organisational behaviour by presenting a
theoretical model that enhances the understanding of safety leadership, the
development of a coaching program and providing empirical evidence that the
principles of coaching and leadership development can be applied to improve
safety leadership. / Industrial and Organisational Psychology / D. Admin. (Industrial and Organisational Psychology)
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