Orientador: Helena Costa Lopes de Freitas / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas. Faculdade de Educação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-07T22:36:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Godoi_ElisandraGirardelli_D.pdf: 1247344 bytes, checksum: b0f8463d0e6663ea2b237eced4f92617 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / Resumo: Esta tese tem como objeto de estudo a investigação das formas de avaliação presentes na educação das crianças de 0 a 3 anos e, para cumprir este objetivo, destacou a creche como espaço de observação. Buscando referências de estudos na área da avaliação, verifica-se que a sua maioria tem destacado a escola como espaço de discussão; assim esta pesquisa traz uma contribuição importante tanto para o campo da avaliação como para a área da educação infantil, na medida em que abre a possibilidade de pensarmos a avaliação das crianças pequenas em espaços nãoescolares - neste caso, a creche - como primeira etapa da educação básica. Este estudo buscou entender as práticas avaliativas presentes no cotidiano, tendo como referência as seguintes questões: Como a avaliação é construída e vivida diariamente pelas crianças, professoras e monitoras no espaço da creche? Quais são os instrumentos utilizados neste momento da educação? Que papel a avaliação cumpre? Pela própria natureza do tema, a metodologia foi construída através de pesquisa qualitativa, realizada em uma creche da Rede Municipal de Campinas durante um ano e utilizou os seguintes recursos na coleta de dados: observações e entrevistas. A partir da coleta de dados e partindo do pressuposto que a avaliação é um dos elementos da organização do trabalho pedagógico, foi elaborada uma descrição do cotidiano da creche, de como o conhecimento e as experiências eram construídas naquele espaço e as relações entre as professoras, monitoras e as crianças. Este cotidiano é apresentado desde a entrada até a saída das crianças. Durante esta descrição verifica-se uma tendência a ritualização destas experiências, além da existência de uma avaliação informal que se manifestava de modo freqüente neste percurso, controlando o comportamento e a postura das crianças. Para isso, o poder do adulto (professoras e monitoras) sobre a criança era permeado por ameaças, recompensas e punições. A avaliação presente neste espaço comparava, rotulava, classificava, ora reprovava, ora aprovava a criança. Uma avaliação baseada na vigia e no controle constante (na observação se a criança obedecia ou não às regras que eram determinadas), que disciplinava o corpo e determinava as formas das crianças se portarem, como: a maneira que deveriam se sentar, comer, dormir, brincar, entre outras. Ao mesmo tempo, os dados revelaram um movimento de transgressão por parte das crianças em relação a estas regras, ou seja, uma resistência à forma de trabalho que, se apresentava rotineiro e homogêneo, que educava para o disciplinamento e para a submissão. Assim, em contrapartida a esta forma de trabalho, as crianças mostravam sinais de (des) encontro entre as propostas dos adultos e da instituição e o seu jeito de ser / Abstract: The object of study of this thesis is the investigation into the evaluation ways present in the children¿s education from 0 to 3 years old. To achieve this objective, the day-care center were chosen to be observed. According to most of the studies in the evaluation area, the school place was highlighted for discussion: therefore this research brings an important contribution either to the evaluation matter or the early child education, as it is possible to consider think young children¿s evaluation at nonscholar places which in this case is the day-care as the first stage in the basic education. This study tried to understand the evaluation practices that are evident in a daily basis, outstanding the following questions: How is the evaluation built and experienced by the children, teachers and monitors at the day-cares? What are the instruments used by the school staff and the children at this moment of education? Which role does the evaluation play? As the own theme requires the methodology was developed and experienced through qualitative research conducted in a public day-care center in Campinas and during one year. The resources used to obtain the data were: observations and interviews. Considering the collected data and assuming that the organization is one of the elements from the organization of the pedagogical work, it was elaborated a description of the daily routine at the day-care and how the knowledge and experiences were built at that place and the relationship among the teachers, monitors and children. That routine was showed from the beginning to the end of the day when the children went home. In the description process it was seen a tendency to the rituals in the experiences, besides the existence of a frequent informal evaluation in this trajectory, controlling the children¿s behavior and posture. For that reason, the adult¿s authority (teachers and monitors) over a child included threats, prizes and punishments. The evident evaluation in that place would compare, label, classify, approving and disapproving the children at the same time. The evaluation was based on constant watching and controlling (observing if the child was o belying or not the given rules), even the children¿s bodies and behavior as: how they should sit eat, sleep, play and others. At the same time, the data revealed that the children does these rules not accepted a resistance to the assignments that were common and equal to everyone which would educate for the discipline and submission. In that way this the children behavior were not aligned with the adult¿s proposal / Doutorado / Ensino, Avaliação e Formação de Professores / Doutor em Educação

Esta reseña no presenta resumen.

This thesis attempts to measure the growth of the Bolivian informal sector. The study estimates the growth of the informal sector by defining it as the difference between the formal sector's reported real gross national product (GNP) and forecasted values of real GNP. The first chapter describes the Bolivian economy, defines its informal sector, and presents reasons for this sector's growth. Related research in informal activity, theoretical discussions, and perspectives are presented in the second chapter. Chapter III describes methodological research used in the analysis of the data. Chapter IV describes the results of the investigation. Conclusions and recommendations for the informal sector are provided in chapter V. The results show that it is possible to measure informal activity in a macro setting

La gestión de desastres en el Perú es necesaria para poder superar los diversos fenómenos a los que nuestro país es propenso. Sin embargo, esta es aún incipiente e incompleta. Uno de estos casos es el que se presenta en esta investigación. Una mina informal ubicada en la región de La Libertad, en el distrito de Pataz ha estado vertiendo desmontes (material de desecho) sobre un talud natural y ha llegado a un punto crítico de deslizamiento inminente. El depósito es de 35,000 m3 aproximadamente y está ubicado sobre un pueblo habitado. Por ello, esta tesis plantea realizar un análisis del riesgo, estudiando el peligro y su naturaleza, y el nivel de vulnerabilidad de los afectados. Para ello seguimos manuales del estado peruano de análisis de riesgo y le añadimos criterios geotécnicos y análisis de estabilidad de taludes en su condición estática y pseudo estática. Finalmente, se proponen formas de mitigar el riesgo de deslizamiento. En el capítulo uno se revisa conceptos teóricos sobre estabilidad de taludes, resistencia al corte, equilibrio límite. Además, se revisa la realidad de la informalidad en el Perú. Finalmente, se definen conceptos que ayudan al análisis del riesgo. En el segundo capítulo se explica la metodología a aplicar tanto para el análisis de estabilidad de taludes como para el proceso de análisis de riesgo. En el tercer capítulo se alcanzan los detalles propios de la zona de estudio, así las investigaciones y ensayos realizados a los componentes geotécnicos presentes. En el cuarto capítulo se hace el desarrollo del análisis de estabilidad, explicando los resultados y las hipótesis tomadas. En el quinto capítulo se desarrolla todo el análisis del riesgo; explicando paso a paso la valoración de la peligrosidad y de la vulnerabilidad. / Disaster management in Peru is necessary to overcome the various phenomena to which our country is prone. However, this is still incipient and incomplete. One of these cases is the one we studied in this investigation. An informal mine located in the region of La Libertad, in the district of Pataz, has been pouring waste material over a natural slope and has reached a critical point of impending landslide. The volume deposit is approximately 35,000 m3 and is located on an inhabited town. Therefore, this thesis proposes an analysis of the risk, studying the danger and its nature, and the level of vulnerability of those affected. For this, we follow risk analysis manuals of the Peruvian state and add geotechnical criteria and slope stability analysis in its static and pseudo static condition. Finally, ways of mitigating the risk of slipping are proposed. In chapter one, theoretical concepts on slope stability, shear strength, limit balance are reviewed. In addition, the reality of informality in Peru is reviewed. Finally, concepts that help to analyses the risk are defined. The second chapter explains the methodology to be applied for slope stability analysis and for the risk analysis process. In the third chapter, the details of the study area are reached as well as the investigations and tests carried out on the geotechnical components present. In the fourth chapter the development of the stability analysis is done, explaining the results and the hypotheses taken. The entire risk analysis is developed in the fifth chapter, step by step, explaining the assessment of danger and vulnerability. / Tesis

No description available.

No description available.

A total of 168 undergraduate students at Temple University provided a measure of their prior beliefs and measures of attitude strength on three topics and then attempted to identify and explain informal reasoning fallacies based on the same topics. Contrary to the hypothesized predictions, prior beliefs and measures of attitude strength did not have a significant effect on participants' ability to accept informal reasoning fallacies consistent with their beliefs based on that topic, although agreement with the topic demonstrated modest effects. Furthermore, this research demonstrated that participants have significant difficulty identifying and explaining informal logical fallacies. Ability to identify and explain one informal fallacy is not a significant predictor of the ability to identify and explain other fallacies. Also, ability to identify and explain one fallacy in a topic is a poor predictor of the ability to identify and explain that fallacy in another topic. This research indicates that formal fallacy syllogism scores were the best predictor of the ability to identify and explain informal logical fallacies, and that agreement with the topic and willingness to act on those beliefs demonstrated modest effects. Consistent with studies on dual-processing theory, in informal logic the individual is forced to examine the information presented in the statement and the structure of the statement and then relate it to their prior opinions and attitudes about the topic, and therefore, the acceptance of the fallacy is a matter of motivated reasoning bias or self-deception instead of an error in analytical reasoning. Informal reasoning fallacies represented an error in judgment, or a misunderstanding of the validity of an argument. Practical implications for school psychologists, limitations of this research, and directions for future research were discussed. / School Psychology

This study assessed effectiveness of the Dunn-Seiler Museum's Omeka Virtual Platform by comparing student learning after virtual and hands-on informal outreach activities. The research, conducted in two Mississippi middle schools, focused on students’ (N=99) content gains and affective responses when engaging with fossil specimens that illustrate shifts in sea levels in Mississippi’s geological past. Data were categorized into three sections: content, affective response, and drawing portion. This mixed-methods research encompassed scoring student tests, coding student drawings, and identifying stable themes through teacher interviews. Analysis of pre-and post-tests for Control (hands-on) and Experimental (virtual specimens) groups revealed no significant differences in content gain or affective response when the data were aggregated for Control versus Experimental groups. Five themes emerged from qualitative analysis of teacher interviews, including teachers’ perceived importance of classroom novelty. Findings indicate that virtual fossil specimens offer a comparable experience to hands-on specimens in the context of museum outreach.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:48:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Osmar Sanches.pdf: 736312 bytes, checksum: 34003117aef15c5e2a451633b5552154 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-05-25 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This work has as central objective analyze the behavior of the informal economy in RMSP (Região Metropolitana de São Paulo) in the period 2002 to 2008, and their possible determinants. The procedure used research is, in their vast majority, the bibliographical research, which has as a source some of the main authors and research institutes who studies the informal economy in the international sphere. In addition, are used empirical data supplied mainly by IBGE (Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística) through its PME (Pesquise Mensal de Emprego) and datas from INEGI (Instituto Nacional de Estadística e Geografia) through its ENOE (Encuesta Nacional de Ocupación y Empleo). It is also used a comparative analysis of the development of the informal economy between RMSP and RMCM (Região Metropolitana da Cidade do México). The focus of comparative analysis is the RMSP. The RMCM, in this case, serves as a reference, that is, in order to verify that the findings made for the RMSP has resonance in another reality. One of the conclusions of this work is that the determinants of the informal economy can be found in three major lines of the analysis: labor market, demographic aspects and economic growth. And from the observation of the determinants contained in these lines of the analysis with the informal economy, it was possible to reach other conclusions. In the case of RMSP, for the period 2002 to 2008, the informal economy presented a mild trend for reduction, went out of 45.11% of the population occupied and turning to 44.26%. Therefore, after these observations, the trend is for the RMSP the reduction of the informal economy observed is related to the growth of PIB on quarterly average rates around 4.5% over the last two years. This growth in PIB favored the reduction of unemployment a marked increase in the region, which possibly led people employed in the informal economy to find occupations in formal economy. However, the reduction of the informal economy has not been more marked due to the growth of PEA (População Economicamente Ativa) which has a strong positive correlation with the informal economy. The RMCM, for the period 2002 to 2008, presented a growth of the informal economy, and in 2002 the population occupied in the informal economy was in 51.10% from 52.07% in 2008. The trend is that this growth in the informal economy is related to economic growth little consistent in Mexico, which gave a lower capacity for generation of jobs for the region. In addition, the growth of PEA, the same way as for the RMSP, has stimulated a growth of the occupied in the informal economy / Este trabalho tem como objetivo central analisar qual o comportamento da economia informal na RMSP (Região Metropolitana de São Paulo) no período entre 2002 a 2008, e quais os seus possíveis determinantes. O procedimento de pesquisa utilizado é, em sua grande maioria, a pesquisa bibliográfica, que tem como fonte alguns dos principais autores e institutos de pesquisa que estudam a economia informal em âmbito internacional. Além disso, são utilizados dados empíricos fornecidos principalmente pelo IBGE (Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística) por meio de sua PME (Pesquisa Mensal de Emprego) e dados do INEGI (Instituto Nacional de Estadistica e Geografia) por meio de sua ENOE (Encuesta Nacional de Ocupacion y Empleo). Também é utilizada uma análise comparativa do desenvolvimento da economia informal entre a RMSP e a RMCM (Região Metropolitana da Cidade do México). O foco da análise comparativa é a RMSP. A RMCM, neste caso, serve como uma referência, ou seja, para que se possa verificar se as constatações feitas para a RMSP têm ressonância em outra realidade. Uma das conclusões deste trabalho é que os determinantes da economia informal podem ser encontrados dentro de três grandes linhas de análise: mercado de trabalho, aspectos demográficos e crescimento econômico. E a partir da observação da relação dos determinantes contidos nestas linhas de análise com a economia informal, foi possível chegar a outras conclusões. No caso da RMSP, para o período entre 2002 a 2008, a economia informal apresentou uma leve tendência de redução, saindo de 45,11% da população ocupada e passando para 44,26%. Portanto, após estas observações, a tendência é de que para a RMSP a redução da economia informal observada esteja relacionada ao crescimento do PIB em torno de taxas médias trimestrais em torno de 4,5% ao longo dos dois últimos anos. Este crescimento do PIB favoreceu a redução do desemprego de forma acentuada na região, o que possivelmente levou as pessoas ocupadas na economia informal a encontrarem ocupações na economia formal. Porém, a redução da economia informal não foi mais acentuada devido ao crescimento da PEA (População Economicamente Ativa) que apresentou forte correlação positiva com a economia informal. A RMCM, para o período entre 2002 a 2008, apresentou um crescimento da economia informal, sendo que em 2002 a população ocupada na economia informal estava em 51,10% passando em 2008 para 52,07%. A tendência é de que este crescimento da economia informal esteja relacionado a um crescimento econômico pouco consistente no México, o que proporcionou uma menor capacidade de geração de empregos para a região. Além disso, o crescimento da PEA, da mesma forma que para a RMSP, estimulou um crescimento dos ocupados na economia informal

This thesis elaborates on the issue of informal care. By this term is meant a situation when a person who is dependent on somebody else's care receives this care from someone close, most often a family member of the dependent person. This type of care has been existing for a very long time but lately it has became a more frequently discussed topic and got higher attention in general. This thesis is focused on the process of increasing interest in the informal care by the public policy process towards informal care and caregivers. The main effort is put into identification of the most important events in history, actors and their mutual modes of interactions which are happening during the whole process as the rationale behind the basic line of evolution of position of the informal care and caregivers in the system of long term care. The thesis concludes that the reason for escalation of the interest in the informal care is an outcome of concurrent effort of few key actors who use different strategies for reaching their goals. On one hand, there are the European Union and the Czech Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs as the most important actors whose significant position in the whole policy creation process is given by the institutional setting. On the other hand, there are the caregivers who very...