Submitted by Pedro Barros (pedro.silvabarros@ufpe.br) on 2018-07-25T20:02:47Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) TESE Ivanildo José Melo Filho.pdf: 15248662 bytes, checksum: 8c95f23bdc95f6e76087fb5db3e3a0cb (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Alice Araujo (alice.caraujo@ufpe.br) on 2018-07-26T21:49:14Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) TESE Ivanildo José Melo Filho.pdf: 15248662 bytes, checksum: 8c95f23bdc95f6e76087fb5db3e3a0cb (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-26T21:49:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) TESE Ivanildo José Melo Filho.pdf: 15248662 bytes, checksum: 8c95f23bdc95f6e76087fb5db3e3a0cb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-16 / As dificuldades e as limitações dos Learning Management Systems (LMS) em interoperar com outras tecnologias tem sido um tema recorrente na literatura. É sabido que mesmo com todo o suporte oferecido por esses ambientes na condução das atividades de aprendizagem, existe uma lacuna relacionada à percepção dos professores e tutores sobre as atividades que são realizadas pelos aprendizes quando estes encontram-se fora deles. Diante desse cenário, o frequente uso de instrumentos ou ferramentas utilizadas por estes permitiram que um conceito emergente denominado Personal Learning Environments (PLE) surgisse e fosse caracterizado como um contexto educacional. Esse contexto permite aos aprendizes a executarem atividades de aprendizagem independente das planejadas nos ambientes formais de ensino fornecendo a eles autonomia para a execução e gerenciamento de suas atividades de aprendizagem. Professores e tutores de cursos baseados em LMS têm utilizado unicamente as ferramentas disponíveis nos LMS para o acompanhamento e avaliação dos aprendizes. Ademais, esses utilizam frequentemente o paradigma da avaliação formativa no intuito de averiguar o desempenho dos aprendizes baseado exclusivamente nas atividades realizadas dentro dos LMS. Sendo assim, esta tese tem como objetivo a concepção, desenvolvimento e avaliação de um serviço denominado de “Serviço de Acompanhamento Formativo”, cujo propósito é identificar atividades de aprendizagem informais que são realizadas fora dos ambientes LMS que podem ser integradas ao processo de avaliação ou de acompanhamento de atividades. A proposta metodológica foi delineada sob os princípios e recomendações do Design Thinking de Serviços formada por quatro fases a saber: exploração, criação, reflexão e implementação. Os participantes envolvidos no processo de concepção e desenvolvimento foram de 134 usuários, sendo 75 professores e tutores e 49 aprendizes, todos pertencentes a diferentes instituições e grupos de discussão especializados no Brasil. A avaliação do serviço foi dividida em três fases: a primeira avaliou a expectativa, na segunda foram propostas cinco tarefas a serem executadas por cada avaliador, e por fim, na terceira foi a avaliada a experiência do uso do serviço. Esse processo contou com 13 especialistas onde foram examinados 28 itens sobre o serviço proposto. Os resultados obtidos atestam que o serviço proposto apresentou um grau satisfatório de consistente em relação ao interesse de professores e tutores a fazerem uso em suas atividades. Além disso, permite que os mesmos possam, por meio do serviço, refletirem sobre suas ações docentes e de tutoria e, assim diligenciar ações assertivas na condução de uma disciplina ou curso, sejam estas do ponto de vista individual ou coletivo. As recomendações de melhoria resultantes da avaliação foram implementadas, permitindo a geração de uma nova versão do serviço alinhada as necessidades reais dos professores e tutores. / The difficulties and limitations of the Learning Management Systems (LMS) in interoperating with other technologies have been a recurrent topic in the literature. It is known that even with all the support which is offered by these environments in conducting the learning activities, there is a gap related to the perception of teachers and tutors over activities done by the learners when they are out of the environments. Before this scenario, the regular use of instruments or tools used by them allowed that an emerging concept named Personal Learning Environments (PLE) to arise and to be characterised as an educational context. This context allows learners to execute learning activities independent from the ones planned in the formal learning environments; providing them autonomy to the execution and management of their own learning activities. Teachers and tutors of LMS based courses have only been using the available tools in the LMS to accompaniment and evaluation of their learners. Furthermore, they often use formative assessment paradigm in order to investigate the learners development based exclusively in the activities done in the LMS field. In that case, this thesis aimed the conception, development and evaluation of a service named “Formative Accompaniment Service”, which purpose is to identify informal learning activities that are done outside the LMS environments which are able to be integrated to the evaluation process or even activity accompaniment. The methodology proposed was designed under the principles and recommendations of the “Service Design Thinking” which are made of four phases, as it follows: exploration, creation, reflection and implementation. The participants involved in the process of conception and development added up to 134 users, 75 teachers and tutors and 49 learners, they belonged to different institutions and specialised discussion groups in Brazil. The evaluation of the service was divided into three phases: the first evaluated the expectation, in the second it was proposed five tasks to be executed by each evaluator, and eventually, in the third, it was evaluated the experience to use the service. This process counted with 13 experts that examined 28 items about the proposed service. The results got with it assure that the proposed service showed a satisfactory level of consistence related to the interest of teachers and tutors in doing it in their activities . Moreover, it allows that as using the service they are able to reflect over their actions as teachers and tutors and, in this way, strive for assertive actions in conducting a discipline or course, in an individual or collective point of view. The improving recommendations resulting of the evaluation were implemented, allowing the creation of a new version of service aligned with the real necessities of teachers and tutors.

Orientador : Ricardo Luiz Coltro Antunes / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-29T04:06:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Alves_MariaAparecida_M.pdf: 9506380 bytes, checksum: 2e14e32870fd57199a54eb099f71d1db (MD5) Previous issue date: 2001 / Resumo: Esta dissertação consiste em um estudo teórico, que teve por finalidade discutir a bibliografia existente sobre "Setor Informal", visando a busca de novas abordagens que nos possibilitassem levantar as situações de informalidade. Para atingirmos esse objetivo foi necessária a compreensão da coexistência de diferentes formas de organização da produção informal e também analisar as relações existentes entre elas, visando descobrir em que grau estão subordinadas ao grande capital e qual a sua contribuição para o processo de acumulação capitalista. No primeiro capítulo, recuperamos a critica à "Teoria da Marginalidade". No segundo capítulo, retomamos a origem do conceito de "Setor Informal", problematizando questões referentes à articulação entre "Setor Informal" e "Setor Formal", propondo a utilização do conceito de informalidade, por ser mais abrangente. No terceiro capítulo, apresentamos a caracterização da diversidade de formas assumidas pelo trabalho informal no Brasil e, em que medida o desenvolvimento do capital está readequando novas formas de exploração da força de trabalho / Abstract: This dissertation consists of a theoretical study. The primary objective of this work is to discuss the literature on the informal sector in search of new approaches for the analysis of the informality contexto Addressing the different types of informal production and the relationships between them was necessary to understand the role and the degree of subordinationof these activities to the process of capitalist accumulation. The first chapter reviews the Theory of Marginality. The second chapter addresses the origins of the informal sector and discusses issues about the relationships between the informal sector and the formal sector to suggest the use of "informality" as a broader concept. The third chapter presents the different forms taken by informal labor in Brazil and discusses how the developmentof capitalism is reshaping new forms of labor force use / Mestrado / Mestre em Sociologia

Esta investigación surgió a partir de la realidad que se vive en la ciudad de Chepén, donde la gran mayoría de las Mypes del sector comercial está acudiendo a diferentes fuentes de financiamiento informal. A través de una entrevista exploratoria ex-ante a algunos comerciantes, se corroboró la existencia de una oferta grande de préstamos informales, siendo una de sus causas principales las exigencias impuestas por las entidades financieras para acceder al crédito formal. Esta situación ha dado cabida a que exista un mercado comercial insatisfecho, y que por ende proveedores de créditos informales puedan aprovechar en ofrecer y colocar préstamos en efectivo sin muchos impedimentos, cabe indicar que también se pudo observar entre los negocios de venta de ropa diferentes niveles de crecimiento, así como en su estructura de financiamiento; por lo que se hace importante evaluar el impacto generado por el uso de las fuentes de financiamiento informal. Es por ello que el objetivo del estudio fue realizar un análisis del impacto de los préstamos informales en los negocios de venta de ropa de la ciudad de Chepén durante el período marzo-diciembre 2014. En este sentido, 103 negocios de venta de ropa fueron evaluados a través de encuestas que se le realizaron a los gestores o quienes dirigen dichos negocios. La investigación realizada manifiesta que el impacto generado por los préstamos informales no presenta una repercusión favorable de crecimiento en su producción, rentabilidad y empleo; situación que se evidencia en dichos negocios; sosteniéndolos en el mercado, sin generar rentabilidad y ningún tipo de ahorro que puedan invertir ya sea en el mismo negocio o abriéndose camino para otra actividad comercial. / Tesis

In 2011 author Robert Neuwirth identified the global informal sector economy as having a combined Gross Domestic Product (GDP) that is equivalent to the second largest economy in the world behind the United States of America (USA).Studies have shown that the informal sector economy is prevalent in Africa and India which are both considered to be emerging market economies with potential for exponential growth. The GDP of a country is calculated using a total of a countries production of goods and services; however production in the informal sector economy is unaccounted for. The inclusion of their production could potentially boost the economic growth of these emerging market economies.This study aims to observe whether the informal sector economy should be formalized or left as it is in its current state. Despite the ‘problem statement’ in the previous paragraph, which appears to be in favour of formalization, there are advantages and disadvantages for both formalizing the informal sector economy and leaving it in its current state.The objective of this study is to come up with a sustainable strategy of how to manage and administer the informal sector economy as in its current state it is proving to be unsustainable.A two phased approach was used to produce the findings which included interviews with experts and interviews with entrepreneurs operating in the informal sector economy.These findings provided suitable recommendations to be made as to how to manage and administer the informal sector economy. / Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2012. / Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS) / unrestricted

Includes bibliographical references / A large amount of people in South Africa earn their living from recycling waste on landfills or the streets in cities across the country. Much is written about those operating on landfills, although a few studies focus on those operating on the streets. The latter studies largely focus on the socio-economic conditions and collective organising capacity of these informal sector workers, and their relationships with other actors. Although, these studies provide a useful resource for understanding the nature of their work and the contexts in which it emerges, very little is known about how their work is regulated. With this in mind, this thesis asks the following research question; how are informal activities regulated in the city? Drawing on the idea of non-humans as actors (in Actor Network Theory terms) this thesis argues that informal activities are regulated by hybrid modes of regulation that include human/non-human and formal and informal assemblages. The research was conducted between 2008 and 2014. It made use of qualitative methodologies and approaches, i.e. semi-structured interviews, participant observation, and documentary analysis, as methods of data collection. The findings of the research reveal that informal activities are regulated in the followings ways. Firstly, it shows that objects such as trolleys, carthorses, bakkies and storage facilities are regulators that actively enabled or constrained informal waste activities. Secondly, the findings suggest that these nonhumans play an active role in organising the spaces where informal waste activities are carried out. Finally, the findings show that these nonhumans also play an active role in how informal waste collectors build alliances through assembling hybrid collectives of humans and non-humans in order to mobilise resources. The main finding in this study is that regulation in the urban informal economy is constituted by human/non-human and formal/informal assemblages. Including the non-human in the analysis of regulation in the urban informal economy is important because it contributes to a better understanding of regulation in the urban informal economy. It does so by highlighting that regulation in the urban informal economy is not only based on human social relations consisting of rules, norms, and institutions but is constitutive of assemblages that involve all actors (both human and non-humans).

No description available.

The design of housing in an urban fabric designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site requires consideration of the historic character and how each building contributes to the streetscape. Beyond the facade, one discovers the unique story of each parcel through the transformations that its residents have enacted over many centuries in order to accommodate greater density and the evolution of family structures. One might even find a record of building periods following a hurricane, for example, inscribed by hand on a column in the shared patio for the collective memory of current and future tenants. These transformations are almost all realized through self-effort construction and are a community-building exercise. Unfortunately, the paradox that accompanies the informal typologies to construct additional housing is destructive more often than not. The additions to and division of the highly articulated residential architecture in Havana have a pervasive impact on the building structure and exacerbates the decay of the built environment. The formal typologies established to define thresholds and transition between public and private spaces are as much a part of the social landscape as the informal insertions. Housing la Habana Vieja calls for a reconciliation of the architectural heritage with contemporary building attitudes in its design for multi-family housing in the historic city center of Cuba. This project addresses the housing crisis in Havana and proposes a resolution that is suited to the "economy of means, both material and aesthetic,"to appropriate the design philosophy of Cuban-American architect Belmont Freeman. The context investigates the underpinnings of housing attitudes by identifying milestones and gaining perspective from dialogue with the residents of la Habana Vieja. Documenting the formal and informal typologies allowed for a comparison of both their spatial implications and their performance, or function. The design proposal explores the intersection of these typologies to manifest the social behaviors and cultural values in the definition of shared and private space. The formal typologies engage the transitional qualities of space by layering building elements as thresholds to private realms. The informal typologies are engaged in the construction of habitable space by activating the immediate built environment through the addition and multiplication of planes. To design at the corner of the past and present is to preserve the vernacular and brandish the opportunities that the future holds for Housing la Habana Vieja. / Master of Architecture / Design multifamily housing to reconcile formal and informal housing typologies of La Habana Vieja By transcending its architectural heritage and resolving the spatial implications of Cuban contemporary living.

A pesquisa procura analisar as reformas políticas e económicas que caracterizaram as décadas de 80 e 90 em Moçambique e que contribuíram para o surgimento do comércio informal. A incapacidade do Estado para a promoção de emprego formal aos cidadãos e a própria dinâmica da economia de mercado levou as pessoas a lutarem para a sua sobrevivência. As mulheres tendo um nível de escolaridade baixo na sua maioria com nível secundário incompleto, não viram outra alternativa senão dedicar-se ao comércio informal transfronteiriço - mukhero, que tem características próprias como menos burocracia, horários flexíveis e a não exigência de nível académico para a realização do trabalho. A maior participação da mulher nesta atividade deve-se ao seu diferencial competitivo neste negócio. Elas são mais pacientes, possuem maior capacidade de negociação com os agentes governamentais e também consentem facilmente abusos e humilhações por parte dos agentes aduaneiros. O consentimento dos abusos e humilhações fazem parte da estratégia para contornar elevadas taxas aduaneiras e daí, garantir uma margem significativa do lucro. Todas as estratégias deste tipo de comércio só podem ser compreendidas á luz do ethos fronteiriço. Hoje o comércio informal transfronteiriço está a crescer ao nível da zona sul Moçambique visto que consegue garantir a sobrevivência das famílias e contribui para o empoderamento socioeconómico da mulher. O Estado moçambicano de forma tímida já se preocupa com este setor no sentido de melhor organizá-la para permitir maior captação de receitas tributárias. / The research analyzes the political and economic reforms that characterized the decades of 80 and 90 in Mozambique and contributed to the emergence of informal trade. The state's inability to promote formal employment to citizens and the dynamics of the market economy led people to fight for their survival. Women with a low education level mostly with incomplete secondary level, they saw no alternative but to devote the informal cross-border trade - mukhero, which has its own characteristics such as less paperwork, flexible hours and no academic requirement for carrying out the work. The increased participation of women in this activity is due to its competitive advantage in this business. They are more patient, have greater bargaining power with government officials and also easily consent abuses and humiliations by customs agents. The consent of abuse and humiliation are part of the strategy to circumvent high tariffs and hence, ensure a significant margin of profit. All strategies of this type of trade can only be understood in the light of the frontier ethos. Today cross-border informal trade is growing at zone level south as Mozambique can ensure the survival of families and contribute to the socio-economic empowerment of women. The Mozambican state timidly already concerned with this sector in order to better organize it to allow more funding from tax revenues.

The needs of the informal caregiver can be difficult to determine apart from those related to caring for the terminally ill loved one. Often, informal caregivers' individual needs are lost because of their day-to-day responsibility and care of their terminally ill loved one. The purpose of this project was to discover the characteristics of informal caregivers of the terminally ill. An integrated literature review was conducted using the Fineout-Overhalt, Melnyk, Stillwell, and Williamson's (2010) analytical approach to reviewing the evidence. The approach consisted of 7 levels for evaluating the hierachy of evidence. Inclusion criteria were studies limited from January 2004 to October 2015, English language, and full text. A total of 22 studies were reviewed and categorized according to 1 of the 7 hierachial levels, and findings related to the characteristics of informal caregivers were summarized at each appropriate level. Characteristics of informal caregivers were described regarding sociodemogrphics, such as age, gender, relationship with family members, financial status, and educational level. Characteristics of informal caregivers were discussed in relationship to the terminally ill loved one. The evidence did not concentrate on who the informal caregiver was without assessing their relationship to the terminally ill patient. It is recommended that a mixed-method approach be conducted to indentify characteristics of informal caregivers outside of their relationship with the terminally ill. Gaining a new perspective about the characteristics of informal caregivers for the terminally ill patient would help health care providers to more effectively meet their needs independent of the needs of the terminally ill loved one.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego, 1998. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 236-248).