Retention of health workers is an area of sustained focus as health care organizations realize the impact of poor retention on cost, quality and continuity of care. An in-depth understanding of the experiences of health workers (HWs) and factors which cause them to leave their jobs is the fundamental basis of forming effective retention strategies. The lack of evidence on these experiences poses a challenge to health managers within the Private-Not-For-Profit (PNFP) sub-sector in Uganda on how to develop effective retention strategies. This research examined HWs experiences of working in PNFP hospitals and how these influence retention decisions. This mixed methods study included a quantitative survey (n=118) examining length of stay in the hospitals and the determinants. Experiences of 32 HWs including managers were explored through semi-structured interviews using a life cycle lens that took into account motivation for joining the profession, experiences of working in the hospitals and current retention strategies and their perceived effectiveness in influencing retention. God’s calling, role models in the medical field, death of close relatives and hopes for immediate employment influenced decisions to join the profession and there was a link between some of these reasons and retention. Median duration working in a PNFP facility was 3.8 years. The only individual factors statistically associated with retention were age and cadre. Three perceptions of organizational characteristics namely: having good interpersonal relationships, well-defined reporting lines, and good career growth potential were independently associated with a 75%, 51% and 35% respectively higher working length at a hospital. Interviews with HWs showed that PNFP organizational culture was predominantly bureaucratic with non-participative management styles and emphasized control and efficiency. Hospitals were implementing some limited retention strategies with weak evidence for their effectiveness. Systematic planning of retention strategies and transformation in organizational culture are necessary to improve retention of HWs.

This thesis aims to deconstruct the monotheism of public private partnerships (PPP) for health and demonstrate the polytheism of practices enabled by it. It contributes to the body of knowledge on PPP in two respects: theoretical and substantive. At a theoretical level, using a critical enquiry lens, I deconstruct the partnership phenomenon and the notion of shared power within these interactions. This diverges from the traditional problem solving approach intrinsic to ‘good’ governance literature on PPP, which focuses on how partnerships can be made more effective. The thesis gives a plural account of the rationale and emerging paradoxes and examines the role of structural (institutions and mechanisms) and ideational (ideas and discourse) factors in constituting and constructing the practice of PPPs. The substantive aim of the thesis is to advance the study on PPP by understanding the contingencies and plurality of practices as a departure from the rhetoric on global health PPPs. Drawing on the case of Global Fund to fight AIDS TB and Malaria (GFATM), one of the three largest global health partnerships, and its country wide operations with respect to HIV and AIDS in India, I also discuss the implications of the discursive practices for the management of HIV and equity in health care. Through a critical examination of the governance mechanisms and arrangements of GFATM it is argued that these have instilled an environment characterised by a proliferation of multiple unaccountable entities which emerge as sites where principles of partnership are subsumed by competition for resources, power and individual and organisational gains. This raises an important question that the thesis attempts to answer: How despite the tensions and ruptures is it possible for the global health PPPs to rise to prominence as a key mechanism in global and national health governance? In response to this, I focus on the role of the development brokers and street level bureaucrats who act at the interface of the global discourse and the local perspectives and create “order” by negotiating dissent, building coherent representations and translating common meanings into individual and collective objectives.

This study investigates the role that the notions of trauma and culture play in relation to the alleviation of distress within an war-affected population. It analyses how local, cultural conceptions of distress and those held by psychological service providers relate to one another, and how they contribute to improving the well-being of the displaced. Fieldwork was conducted with urban and rural displaced populations in the south-eastern province of Huila in Angola. Ethnographic, psychometric and participatory methods were used to examine issues of health, illness and distress amongst the displaced. Local idioms of distress in the form of pensamentos, mutima, madness and high and low blood pressure are common ways of expressing suffering related to war. The different explanatory models held about these illnesses and the various resources available in the popular, folk and professionals sectors of the health care system were explored. The religious and spiritual domains were found to be influential in the treatment of distress-related illnesses. The psychological services available in the war-displaced communities were examined in terms of their common theoretical and practical elements. These were then analysed in relation to the conceptualisations held by local populations, and points of similarity and difference were noted. Specifically, the conceptualisation of suffering as trauma and the cultural misunderstandings that arise as a result of this, and the representation of the displaced as traumatised and therefore dependent and passive people, are discussed. A particular subgroup in the community, the adolescents, was identified and participatory methods were employed to investigate the strategies and resources this group uses for coping with war-related distress. The youths predominantly make use of distraction, conselho, religious and cultural resources. The application of a PTSD scale, the EARAT, suggests that 71% of the adolescents had symptoms of trauma consistent with a diagnosis of PTSD. It is argued that for the vast majority such a conceptualisation does not reflect the adolescents' abilities to function on social, vocational, educational and physical levels. The implications of these findings for research and practice in the field of psychosocial work are discussed.

Ukraine is home to one of the world‘s fastest growing HIV epidemic and has received significant amounts of foreign aid to help it tackle the crisis. This study is an enquiry into the implementation of the Global Fund against AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria (GFATM) programmes in Ukraine, during the second decade of this country‘s post-Soviet economic and political transition. The discussion is positioned within a broader debate on aid effectiveness. By looking at the GFATM as an aid institution whose establishment was purported to improve the aid delivery process, the thesis offers a critical insight on the GFATM aid delivery model in the context of Ukraine. The thesis investigates the conduct and practice of INGO and national NGOs in their role as Principal Recipients of GFATM grants targeting HIV prevention in Ukraine. Based on ethnographical enquiry conducted in three oblasts in Ukraine, and in capital Kyiv, the thesis aims to understand how NGOs have implemented HIV prevention services in context of state-owned health care system and to determine the perceived effects of the GF programmes on the ground. The thesis situates analysis of NGOs into a broader socio-political context of post-Soviet Ukraine and questions their role as central actors in delivering essential HIV programmes in parallel with or instead of the state, as well as the consequences for sustainability of such programmes. Using the particular experience in Ukraine, the thesis shows the influence of global funding institutions on relationships between state and civil society and altering of civil society‘s roles in aid programmes. The thesis includes a comprehensive literature analysis about the Global Fund and other donor programmes working in Ukraine in the area of HIV/AIDS.

Submitted by Claudinei Pracidelli (cpracide@ipen.br) on 2015-11-12T10:49:11Z No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2015-11-12T10:49:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Tese (Doutorado em Tecnologia Nuclear) / IPEN/T / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP

Submitted by Claudinei Pracidelli (cpracide@ipen.br) on 2015-11-12T10:49:11Z No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2015-11-12T10:49:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Várias metodologias buscam conhecer e medir o desempenho dos indivíduos na organização, estabelecendo uma comparação entre o comportamento esperado e o apresentado por esses indivíduos. Este trabalho tem o propósito de desenvolver um método que integre a avaliação de desempenho de modo objetivo, fatores motivacionais, o planejamento estratégico das instituições de P&D e os critérios de avaliação do CNPq. A partir da revisão bibliográfica, aplicações práticas, e indicadores de produtividade acadêmica, chegou-se ao modelo proposto, com o qual se almeja contribuir para a melhoria das instituições de P&D. O modelo é flexível, pois permite avaliar a produção acadêmica na área de serviço, ensino, produção e desenvolvimento, podendo ser aplicado/adaptado em qualquer área do conhecimento. Com base em uma análise quantitativa e qualitativa dos dados obtidos, conclui-se que a metodologia multidimensional de avaliação de desempenho pode por meio de indicadores, de forma objetiva, avaliar a produção acadêmica de pesquisadores e tecnologistas científicos. / Tese (Doutorado em Tecnologia Nuclear) / IPEN/T / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP

The issue of the concept of criminal custody The diploma thesis covers the issue of the custody what is recently very relevant and also interesting. Being placed in custody restricts the right of freedom what is one of the fundamental human rights and freedoms. Accused people are suspected of committing a criminal offence but until proven otherwise they must be treated as innocent. There is a conflict of interests of the law enforcement bodies who want to secure the criminal proceedings to reach their object and of the accused person who is innocent and his right of freedom is guaranteed by the Constitutional Law and international treaties. It is essential to ensure the protection of the right of freedom as much as possible. The restrictions are accepted only when necessary. Legislation should offer another solutions what can be used instead of criminal custody and would be less stringent. My diploma thesis is divided into six chapters. First chapter deals with the history of the criminal custody. The biggest changes of criminal custody are captured in historical course beginning in the interwar period until the present day. In the second part of the diploma thesis there is a short explanation what does the term criminal custody means. It also includes the principles what are binding for law...

M.Com. (Business Management) / Please refer to full text to view abstract

M.Comm. (Auditing) / 2009, SAICA released its Competency Framework. The Competency Framework detailed specific competencies to be achieved at entry point into the profession, but placed specific emphasis on pervasive qualities and skills. The competencies in the Competency Framework now form the foundation of SAICA’s qualification model, which will be assessed in the revised Part I and Part II in 2013 and 2014 respectively. As a consequence, SAICA-accredited academic providers are now being tasked to deliver not only specific competencies, but also pervasive qualities and skills. No research had been conducted on the views of individual academics at SAICA-accredited academic programmes on the delivery methods that result in the acquisition/development and assessment of SAICA’s pervasive qualities and skills, as well as on the challenges related to the delivery of these competencies. Thus, there was significant pressure on academic providers to respond to SAICA’s requirements in the Competency Framework, and, in the context of this dissertation, to respond vis-à-vis pervasive qualities and skills. The research problem was addressed by following a two-pronged approach, which firstly entailed conducting an extensive literature review and then performing empirical work. The literature review identified delivery methods that are recognized by IFAC, applied by CAGE member bodies’ and used in the accounting profession to equip candidates with pervasive qualities and skills. The empirical work solicited the views of individual academics at SAICA’s accredited academic programmes on delivery methods that may be applied in the transfer of pervasive qualities and skills, and on the challenges associated with this debate. This study found that an array of delivery methods must be used in the delivery of competencies, and formulated 19 acquisition/development and 17 assessment methods that may be applied by academic providers in addressing SAICA’s pervasive qualities and skills, and by HODS in drafting policies that address these competencies. In addition, this dissertation highlighted the inconsistencies between academics providing instruction on the undergraduate programme and their honours counterparts. It was emphasized that competence is a continual process, and that the onus to deliver all SAICA’s competencies rests with the academic providers during their education programmes. Furthermore, the research findings make a significant contribution to the existing body of knowledge on pervasive qualities and skills.

Unlike many western democracies, Canada has a party system which is not polarized in terms of class. Particularly since the early 1930's many writers have attacked "brokerage politics" on the grounds that it has enabled a small elite to control political debate, and in particular has prevented the party system from presenting meaningful alternatives for the social and economic development of the country. To people such as Frank Undorhill, Gad Horowitz and Charles Taylor, "the politics of polarization" is essential to an efficient democratic political system. Another writer, Robert R. Alford in Party and Society, has concluded that the trends in Canada towards industrialization, urbanization and secularization are bound to encourage an increase in class-oriented voting behaviour. The large numbers of people working in the cities, coupled with a decline in the salience of regional, religious and ethnic issues, will increase working class consciousness to the point where a change in the substance of political debate is feasible. The thesis examines the Canadian Institute of Public Opinion (Gallup) surveys for the 1962, 1963, 1965 and 1968 elections to see if Alford’s forecast is substantiated. There are many shortcomings in both the data, and the approach used, but the analysis would suggest that the overwhelming importance of religious and linguistic factors has not significantly declined, and as far as this thesis can detect, there has been little increase in class voting. A concluding chapter suggests other research approaches to the problem under investigation, which might well have produced different conclusions. However, a brief examination of the early political history of Canada would seem to indicate that the absorption of the working classes into the existing party system was done in such a way as to permanently restrict the extent to which a working class consciousness is likely to develop. While there are signs indicating that class-oriented voting will probably increase, it is unlikely that the polarization will ever occur to the extent possible in countries which have developed, politically and econonacally, along different lines. / Arts, Faculty of / Political Science, Department of / Graduate