This thesis contains the description of well-known methods and principles dealing with the measurement of the flow-velocity of fluids. Furthermore, it contains the description of the development of the mobile flow-meter, including the realization and the technical description of the device. The thesis describes the advantages and disadvantages of the above mentioned flow-meter. The last part of the thesis is dedicated to the calibration of the device and to the possible practical use of the flow-meter.

This master’s thesis deals with design of measurement system for dynamic measurement of bridge sensors. After a short theoretical part, the own concept is introduced. System can provide sampling rate up to 250 kSa/s with 24-bit resolution. The maximum number of samples is about one and a half milion. At first, the design of analog part was made, in this phase of design the digital part is based on evaluation board with ARM Cortex-M7 and external memory. After final choice of appropriate ICs, the analog and digital part will be integrated into one PCB.

This masters thesis describes possibilities of a heart rate measuring. Several methods of measuring will be discussed. The primary objective of this paper is to design battery powered cardiotachometr with a range of 30-240 beats/min and a low battery indication. Cardiotachometer uses the R waves detector to measure heart rate. This thesis is focused on creation of the block diagram, electrical circuit, printed circuit and calculation of electronic device used in cardiotachometers.

The aim of the thesis is weigh measurement using strain gauges from cheap digital scales. Work describes problems connected with using strain gauges as temperature compensation and requirements for accurate voltage reference and summarize function and wiring of chaep digital scales using four strain gauges. Result of work is design of an electrical circuit for weigh measurement using four strain gauges from analyzed scale.

No description available.

Cette thèse porte sur la conception d'un circuit intégré CMOS pour l'électronique de lecture de capteurs bolométriques à base de semiconducteurs ou supraconducteurs haute-température. Dans ce manuscrit, une chaîne de traitement du signal est étudiée. Elle est composée d'un amplificateur différentiel à gain fixé pour des températures de 40 à 400K, ainsi que d'un filtre de fréquence passe-bas actif à haute dynamique. Une architecture optimale d'amplificateur est définie sans contre-réaction, permettant d'atteindre une large bande passante (17MHz pour un gain de 40dB), une consommation réduite (Iq = 2mA) et une haute impédance d'entrée. Afin de fixer le gain avec précision dans la structure CMOS, deux méthodes différentes sont présentées et vérifiées sur un circuit intégré. Par la suite, le comportement des filtres dans la bande d'atténuation est étudié afin d'augmenter la fréquence de coupure maximale. Deux structures avec une faible influence des éléments actifs « réels » sont conçues: le filtre Sallen-Key amélioré et la structure basée sur un convoyeur du courant CCII-. Enfin, nous présentons un CCII- intégré en CMOS ayant une très faible impédance de sortie.

<p>This report is an outcome of a master degree project at Linköpings University in co-operation with Micronic Laser Systems AB. </p><p>The purpose with this master degree project was to investigate how to implement a receiver in a data transfer system. The system consists of several data channels, where every channel consists of three parts: driver, transmission lines and receiver. The driver send low amplitude differential signals via the transmission lines to the receiver that amplifies and converts it to a single-ended signal. The receiver has to be fast and be able to feed an output signal with high voltage swing. It is also needed for the receivers to have low power consumption since they are close to the load, which is sensitive to heat. </p><p>Different amplifier architectures were investigated to find a suitable circuit for the given prerequisites. In this report the advantages and disadvantages of voltage and current feedback are discussed. </p><p>The conclusions of this work are that in a system with an amplifier as a receiver with differential transmission lines, a single operational amplifier cannot be used. An input stage is needed to isolate the feedback net from the inputs of the operational amplifier. When fast rise time and large output swing are wanted the best amplifier architecture is current feedback amplifiers. A current feedback amplifier in CMOS with the required high voltages and slew rate is hard to realize without very high power consumption.</p>

This report is an outcome of a master degree project at Linköpings University in co-operation with Micronic Laser Systems AB. The purpose with this master degree project was to investigate how to implement a receiver in a data transfer system. The system consists of several data channels, where every channel consists of three parts: driver, transmission lines and receiver. The driver send low amplitude differential signals via the transmission lines to the receiver that amplifies and converts it to a single-ended signal. The receiver has to be fast and be able to feed an output signal with high voltage swing. It is also needed for the receivers to have low power consumption since they are close to the load, which is sensitive to heat. Different amplifier architectures were investigated to find a suitable circuit for the given prerequisites. In this report the advantages and disadvantages of voltage and current feedback are discussed. The conclusions of this work are that in a system with an amplifier as a receiver with differential transmission lines, a single operational amplifier cannot be used. An input stage is needed to isolate the feedback net from the inputs of the operational amplifier. When fast rise time and large output swing are wanted the best amplifier architecture is current feedback amplifiers. A current feedback amplifier in CMOS with the required high voltages and slew rate is hard to realize without very high power consumption.

This master’s thesis deals with half-wave and full-wave rectifiers and instrumentation amplifier design in CMOS technology, suitable for biomedical signal processing. Properties of optional solutions are analyzed and appropriate circuits are designed. Their functionality is verified with simulation. Designed circuits are then used to form a circuit converting differential input voltage into rectified output current.

This report presents the development, implementation, and testing of a current monitor system that is specifically developed for testing a neuromuscular electrical stimulation system (NMES). The NMES system, developed by KTH and its academic and industrial partners Karolinska institute and Matrix Muscle Support, incorporates advanced features aimed at preventing cardiovascular diseases. The problem statement revolves around the necessity of developing a system capable of detecting any instances of overcurrent or leakage current in the neuromuscular electrical stimulation system. The purpose of this current monitoring system is to offer real-time monitoring of current levels within the electrical stimulation system. The project’s goal is to design and implement a comprehensive software and hardware solution that allows users to simultaneously monitor voltage levels across multiple channels and detect any abnormalities. The project was executed using a top-down approach. Each subtask is processed separately and finally tested to be verified and approved according to the expectations set. Test-driven development (TDD) methodology was employed to ensure the reliability and accuracy of the software and hardware implementation. The project has produced several significant results, the most important of which include the successful implementation of a real-time monitoring system for the multi-channel NMES system. A dedicated circuit board design has been prepared according to the specified requirements described in the report. The software interface has been designed to provide the user with real-time readings of voltage levels as well as visual identification of normal and abnormal values. The measurements carried out during all the tests gave clear answers to the set question, with the exception of some displacement (offset) which can be investigated more closely in future research. Furthermore, the reference images showed that the system was functioning in accordance with its original intended purpose. / Denna rapport presenterar utvecklingen, implementeringen och testningen av ett strömmätningssystem som är speciellt utvecklat för att testa ett neuromuskulärt elektriskt stimuleringssystem (NMES). NMES-systemet, utvecklat av KTH och dess akademiska och industriella partners Karolinska institutet och Matrix Muscle Support, innehåller avancerade funktioner som syftar till att förebygga hjärt-kärlsjukdomar. Problemformuleringen kretsar kring nödvändigheten av att utveckla ett system som kan detektera fall av överström eller läckström i det neuromuskulära elektriska stimuleringssystemet. Syftet med detta strömmätningssystem är att erbjuda realtidsövervakning av strömnivåer inom det elektriska stimuleringssystemet. Projektets mål är att designa och implementera en omfattande mjukvaru- och hårdvarulösning som tillåter användare att samtidigt övervaka spänningsnivåer över flera kanaler och upptäcka eventuella avvikelser. Projektet genomfördes med en top-down-metod. Varje deluppgift bearbetas separat och testas slutligen för att verifieras och godkännas enligt de förväntningar som satts. Testdriven utvecklingsmetod (TDD) användes för att säkerställa tillförlitligheten och noggrannheten hos implementeringen av mjukvara och hårdvara. Projektet har gett flera betydande resultat, av vilka de viktigaste inkluderar framgångsrik implementering av ett realtidsövervakningssystem för flerkanals NMES-systemet. En dedikerad kretskortsdesign har utarbetats enligt de specificerade kraven som beskrivs i rapporten. Mjukvarugränssnittet har utformats för att ge användaren realtidsavläsningar av spänningsnivåer samt visuell identifiering av normala och onormala värden. De mätningar som genomfördes under samtliga tester gav tydliga svar på frågeställningen, med undantag för viss förskjutning (offset) som kan undersökas närmare i framtida forskning. Vidare visade referensbilderna att systemet fungerade i enlighet med det ursprungliga syftet.