ANALYSIS OF PREVALENCE OF VITAMIN D DEFICIENCY IN ADULTS Author: Jana Nováková Supervisor: PharmDr. Eva Zimčíková, PhD. INTRODUCTION Estimated vitamin D deficiency occurs in up to 1/3 of the population. Vitamin D deficiency occurs in a number of diseases and in different countries of the world. AIMS The aim of the theoretical part of the diploma thesis was to get acquainted with vitamin D and its deficit in general. The objective of the practical part was to map vitamin D levels in adults, to assess prevalence of vitamin D deficiency, to determine if vitamin D levels fluctuate over the course of the year depending on age or gender and how they are related to individual illnesses. METHODS PubMed and Embase database search was performed to find evidence on vitamin D deficiency in adults. Only studies in humans, published in English in the period from 2000 to 2016 were included. Non-systematic review was provided, the quality of the studies was not evaluated. RESULTS Overall, 84 studies were included. Most of the studies enrolled healthy adults (n = 34). Among the studies concerning various diseases, musculoskeletal disorders were the most prevalent (n = 13). The highest prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was seen in the study from USA (in healthy adults) using cut-off value for deficiency ≤ 50...

Orientador: Milva Maria Figueiredo De Martino / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-04T01:27:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Souza_EmiliaFerreirade_M.pdf: 1834559 bytes, checksum: cd4da6190829f2741a78bb8f6fd1d670 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004 / Resumo: O tratamento hemodialitico provoca uma sucessão de situações para o cliente renal crônico, que compromete o aspecto não só físico, como psicológico, com repercussões pessoais, familiares e sociais. O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar os diagnósticos de enfermagem mais freqüentes no cliente renal crônico, tendo como referencial o Marco Conceituai e a Teoria do Alcance dos Objetivos de Imogene King onde ela considera alguns conceitos básicos essenciais para a enfermagem e define os três sistemas que são à base do modelo - sistema pessoal, interpessoal e social. Foi aplicado um instrumento de coleta de dados a 20 clientes de uma unidade dialítica com acompanhamento supervisionado, com questões relacionadas ao sistema pessoal, interpessoal e social, objetivando conhecer a necessidade do paciente, através do levantamento dos dados. Os diagnósticos foram discutidos e determinados a partir da discussão dos casos com uma especialista em diagnósticos de enfermagem e tendo como referência a Taxonomia II da NANDA. Os resultados mostraram a identificação dos diagnósticos de enfermagem presente em todos os clientes estudados. A faixa etária em que ocorreu maior comprometimento com a patologia esteve entre 41 a 50 anos. A causa principal da doença foi para hipertensão arterial sistêmica e diabetes. Os diagnósticos de enfermagem encontrados em 50% ou mais dos pacientes hemodialíticos foram: risco para infecção, proteção alterada e conforto alterado. Foram considerados alguns diagnósticos com menor freqüência por terem sido relevantes para a assistência do paciente hemodialitico: desobediência, distúrbio do padrão do sono, medo, ansiedade e desempenho de papel a Iterado. Conclui-se que o instrumento utilizado nos permitiu identificar os diagnósticos de enfermagem baseados na teoria de Imogene King e Taxonomia da NANDA, mas como a coleta de dados ocorreu somente uma vez, recomenda-se a realização de estudos longitudinais para a confirmação ou não dos achados / Abstract: Hemodialysis provokes various conditions in chronic renal clients that compromise not only the client's physical but also the psychological aspect together with personal, familial and social repercussions. The purpose of this study was to identify the most common nursing diagnoses in chronic renal clients using as reference the Imogene King's Conceptual Model and the Theory of Goal Attainment in which she deals with some basic concepts essential to nursing and describes the three systems that form the basis of her model - personal, interpersonal and social. In order to verify the needs of clients (n=20) in a dialytic unit, a data collecting tool based on the NANDA nursing diagnoses and composed of questions related to the personal, interpersonal and social systems was applied to the clients with a supervised follow up. The results detected the presence of nursing diagnoses in all the clients in this study sample. The highest pathological compromise occurred in the 41 to 50 year age group. The main cause of disease was due to hypertension and diabetes. The nursing diagnoses found in 50% of the clients were: risk of infection, ineffective protection and altered contort. Some diagnoses, such as: noncompliance, disturbed sleep pattern, fear, anxiety and ineffective role performance, had less frequency by had been relevant to the clients attendance. Therefore, it can be concluded that the data-collecting tool helped identify nursing diagnoses that were based on the Imogene King theory and the NANDA Taxonomy, but as the data collecting had been done just once, it is recommended longitudinal study to confirm there findings / Mestrado / Enfermagem e Trabalho / Doutor em Enfermagem

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(医学) / 甲第22352号 / 医博第4593号 / 新制||医||1042(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院医学研究科医学専攻 / (主査)教授 稲垣 暢也, 教授 森田 智視, 教授 柳田 素子 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Medical Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

Chronic Venous Insufficiency (CVI) is a disease of the lower limbs that affects millions of people in the United States. It is categorized by constant venous hypertension, which can lead to swelling of the legs, pain, skin changes and ulcers. One of the widely known symptoms that can lead to CVI is varicose veins. The main source of the problem of CVI is incompetent venous valves. The purpose of venous valves is to direct blood through the veins to the heart and prevent retrograde flow to the lower limbs. CVI can be caused by leg injury, pregnancy, genetics, age, and prolonged standing. Current treatments of the disease include compression stocking therapy, ablation, vein stripping, and valve reconstruction. CVI has become such a problem for patients, especially those with secondary incompetence in the deep veins, because the current treatments are used to alleviate the symptoms of the disease but do not treat the source of the problem. One solution that has great potential is to create an implantable venous valve that could restore function of the venous system. In the past many prosthetic venous valves have been made, but none are clinically used because of problems with biocompatiblility, thrombogenicity caused by high shear rates, and longterm functionality that has been hindered by leaflet stiffening. The purpose of this research was to create a venous valve that could overcome these difficulties. This was done by designing the valve out of carbon-infiltrated carbon nanotubes (CI-CNTs). This material has been proven to be thrombo-resistant, biocompatible due to its non-reactive properties, and durable. The valve was designed to be initially open and to close with physiological pressures. The shear rate caused by implantation of the valve was minimized to reduce the likelihood of thrombus formation. FEA and CFD analysis was performed to verify the valve would function under physiological conditions and that shear rates would be in the normal range. The final design was tailored for implantation in the common femoral vein. It had a diameter of 12.7 mm, length of approximately 40 mm, and thickness of 0.3 mm. With a hydrostatic pressure of 20 mmHg it fully closed with a maximum stress of 117 MPa, which is below the ultimate strength of CI-CNTs. The CFD analysis demonstrated the valve would cause a maximum shear rate of 225.1 s

The optimal timing of valve replacement surgery in chronic severe aortic regurgitation (AR) has remained a major clinical problem in the management of these patients. Although the onset of symptoms is the generally accepted indication for aortic valve replacement (AVR), the unpredictable development of pre-symptomatic left ventricular (LV) dysfunction as a result of prolonged volume overload has resulted in numerous reports attempting to formulate a risk profile for these patients. Although aortic root and LV cineangiography have been the "gold standard" for defining the severity of AR and its effect on LV performance, serial follow-up by these means is impractical. More recently numerous non-invasive measures of LV size (echocardiogram) and function both at rest and on exercise (echocardiogram and equilibrium radionuclide angiocardiography., ERNA) have been serially utilised~ In these endeavours, the thinking has been clouded by a tendency to equate these two measures and failing to appreciate that apparent preoperative LV dysfunction (particularly on exercise) may be rapidly reversible by AVR and the consequent changes in LV loading conditions. This study was a prospective, sequential evaluation of left ventricular function using both non-invasive and invasive techniques in symptomatic and asymptomatic patients with isolated chronic, severe (4+) AR at cardiac catheterisation. The aims of the study were to (I) Identify differences in the clinical, echocardiographic, resting and exercise haemodynamic and I radionuclide measures of left ventricular function in symptomatic and asymptomatic patients with chronic severe A.R. with particular reference to the incidence of presymptomatic development of left ventricular dysfunction. (II) Critically evaluate the role of exercise stress (both isotonic and isometric) in the assessment of patients with chronic severe A.R. (III) Evaluate the influence of time (sequential studies) on the haemodynamic burden in asymptomatic patients. (IV) Study the impact of successful aortic valve replacement on the reversibility of abnormal pre-operative LV function in an attempt to predict which patients would benefit from this therapeutic intervention and whether operation for symptoms alone is the correct clinical practice.

The triglyceride/high-density cholesterol-lipoprotein (TG/HDL-c) is a biomarker of cardiovascular events and mortality. In hemodialysis patients, the evidence is controversial. A systematic review was carried out in the Medline, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, and Pubmed databases to identify the relevant cohort studies on cardiovascular events and mortality in hemodialysis patients the role of TG/HDL-c as a risk factor. Four cohort-type studies were evaluated, with a total of 52,579 hemodialysis patients. Three studies conducted in Asian populations and one study in the United States had the highest percentage of the sample (50,673 patients). The elevated TG/HDL-c ratio is associated with better survival, and there is a consistent gradual inverse association between TG/HDL-c and mortality in all analysis subgroups. In the decile categorization of the exposure variable, a 21% decrease in the risk of cardiovascular mortality and a 15% decrease in all-cause mortality in the highest decile compared to the reference group (D10 aHR = 0.79; 95% CI: 0.69–0.91 and D10 aHR = 0.85; 95%CI: 0.78–0.92). Our results show that the TG/HDL-c ratio is a protective factor for cardiovascular outcomes and mortality in the American population and a risk factor for them in the population from Asia. / Revisión por pares

Massive bilateral adrenal hemorrhage occurring in the postoperative period is an unusual but potentially life-threatening complication of any abdominal operation. The diagnosis is often difficult due to the nonspecific nature of the clinical presentation, which is easily attributable to other more common postoperative conditions. We report a case of bilateral adrenal hemorrhage resulting in acute primary adrenal insufficiency following an otherwise-uncomplicated laparoscopic cholecystectomy, which has not previously been described. An awareness of the possibility of this uncommon condition complicating laparoscopic cholecystectomy may lead to a higher index of suspicion, which is important in timely diagnosis and prompt treatment.

Cardiovascular involvement is commonly reported in various muco- polysaccharidoses. We report a first case of Sanfilippo syndrome type A in a 12-year-old white female who has developed combined progressive mitral valvar regurgitation due to prolapse and aortic regurgitation.

No description available.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(医学) / 甲第19176号 / 医博第4018号 / 新制||医||1010(附属図書館) / 32168 / 京都大学大学院医学研究科医学専攻 / (主査)教授 小川 修, 教授 柳田 素子, 教授 三森 経世 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Medical Science / Kyoto University / DFAM