Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This Master Thesis presents a new analysis, modeling and design guideline for an Insulated Power Factor Corrected Single-Stage Converter. First, the operating principle is presented which provides a better understanding of the converter. So, based on this new analysis, the two operation modes description and the new steady-state gain of the converter are provided. A new control strategy for the input current control-loop is also proposed which provides an improvement of the total harmonic distortion (THD). The conditions to reset the magnetic flux for the high frequency transformer (HFT) into a switching period and the mitigation of the reactive energy are provided. At the sequence, the transfer functions that describe the dynamic behavior of the output voltage and the input current due to perturbations on duty-cycle and input voltage are derived. These dynamic models are derived based on the averaged equivalent circuit (AEC) obtained by modeling an equivalent DC-DC converter. Finally, the design guideline and experimental results for validation of the mathematical analysis and numerical simulation confirmation are provided. / Esta Dissertação de Mestrado apresenta uma nova análise, modelagem e metodologia de projeto de um conversor CA-CC isolado com um único estágio e correção do fator de potência. Inicialmente, é apresentado o princípio de operação do conversor em estudo propiciando um melhor entendimento do funcionamento do mesmo. Assim, baseada na nova análise, são apresentados os dois modos de operação do conversor e o novo ganho estático resultante. Também é proposta uma nova estratégia de controle para a corrente de entrada do conversor proporcionando uma redução na distorção harmônica total (DHT). Também serão estabelecidas as condições necessárias para a desmagnetização do núcleo do transformador de alta freqüência (TAF) em um período de chaveamento e a minimização de reativos circulantes. Posteriormente, são obtidas as funções de transferências que descrevem o comportamento dinâmico da tensão de saída e da corrente de entrada para perturbações na variável de controle ou na tensão de entrada. Esses modelos dinâmicos serão derivados do circuito médio equivalente (CME) obtido através da modelagem do conversor em estudo operando como um conversor CC-CC equivalente. Por fim, são apresentadas uma metodologia de projeto e os resultados experimentais para a validação da análise matemática e confirmação dos resultados obtidos através de simulações numéricas.

L’objectif de ce travail consiste à développer la méthode de résolution PGD (Proper Generalized Decomposition), qui est une méthode de réduction de modèle où la solution est recherchée sous forme séparée, à la résolution des équations de Navier-Stokes. Dans un premier temps, cette méthode est appliquée à la résolution d’équations modèles disposant d’une solution analytique. L’ équation de diffusion stationnaire 2D et 3D, l’équation de diffusion instationnaire 2D et les équations de Burgers et Stokes sont traitées. Nous montrons que dans tous ces cas la méthode PGD permet de retrouver les solutions analytiques avec une précision équivalente au modèle standard. Nous mettons également en évidence la supériorité de la PGD par rapport au modèle standard en terme de temps de calcul. En effet, dans tous ces cas, laPGD se montre beaucoup plus rapide que le solveur standard (plusieurs dizaine de fois). La résolution des équations de Navier-Stokes isothermes et anisothermes est ensuite effectuée par une discrétisation volumes finis sur un maillage décalé où le couplage vitesse-pression a été géré à l’aide d’un schéma de prédiction-correction. Dans ce cas une décomposition PGD sur les variables d’espaces uniquement a été choisie. Pour les écoulements incompressibles 2D stationnaire ou instationnaire, de type cavité entrainée et/ou différentiellement chauffé, les résultats obtenus par résolution PGD sont similaires à ceux du solveur standard avec un gain de temps significatif (la PGD est une dizaine de fois plus rapide que le solveur standard). Enfin ce travail introduit une première approche de la résolution des équations de transferts par méthode PGD en formulation spectrale. Sur les différents problèmes traités, à savoir l’équation de diffusion stationnaire, l’équation de Darcy et les équations de Navier-Sokes, la PGD a montré une précision aussi bonne que le solveur standard. Un gain de temps a été observé pour le cas de l’équation de Poisson, par contre, concernant le problème de Darcy ou les équations de Navier-Stokes les performances de la PGD en terme de temps de calcul peuvent encore être améliorées. / Motivated by solving the Navier-Stokes equations, this work presents the implementation and development of a reduced order model, the PGD (Proper Generalized Decomposition).Firstly, this method is applied to solving equations models with an analytical solution. The stationary diffusion equation 2D and 3D, 2D unsteady diffusion equation and Burgers equations and Stokes are processed. We show that in all these cases, the PGD method allows to find analytical solutions with a good accuracy compared to the standard model. We also demonstrate the superiority of the PGD relative to the standard model in terms of computing time. Indeed, in all these cases, PGD was much more rapid than the standard solver (several dozen times). The Navier-Stokes 2D and 3D thermal and isothermal isotherms are then processed by a finite volume discretization on a staggered grid where the velocity-pressure coupling was handled using a prediction-correction scheme. In this case a decomposition of the space variables only was chosen. The results in 2D for Reynolds numbers equal to 100, 1000and 10, 000 are similar to those of the solver standard with a significant time saving (PGD isten times faster than the solver standard). Finally, this work introduces a first approach tosolving the Navier-Stokes equations with a spectral method coupled with the PGD. Different cases were dealed, the stationary diffusion equation, the Darcy equation and the Navier-Sokesequations. PGD showed a good accuracy compared with the standard solver. Saving time was observed for the case of the Poisson equation, on the other hand, about Darcy’s problem or Navier-Stokes’ equations, performance of the PGD in terms of computing time may yet be improved.

Pour le développement des convertisseurs d’électronique de puissance, la simulation en temps réel joue un rôle essentiel dans la validation des performances des convertisseurs et de leur contrôle avant leur réalisation. Cela permet de simuler et reproduire avec précision les formes d’ondes des courants et tensions des convertisseurs de puissance modélisés avec un pas de temps de simulation correspondant exactement au temps physique. Les circuits d’électronique de puissance sont caractérisés par le comportement non linéaire des interrupteurs. Par conséquent, les représentations des dispositifs de commutation sont cruciales dans la simulation en temps réel. Le modèle au niveau système est largement utilisé dans les simulateurs temps réel du commerce et les plates-formes expérimentales, qui modélisent les comportements des interrupteurspar deux états stationnaires distincts - passant et bloqué - et négligent tous les phénomènes transitoires. Ces dernières années, la simulation temps réel au niveau du composant est devenue populaire car elle permet de simuler les formes d'onde de commutation transitoires et de fournir des informations utiles concernant les contraintes sur les interrupteurs , les pertes, les effets parasites et les comportements électrothermiques. Néanmoins, la simulation temps réel au niveau du composant est contrainte par le pas de temps transitoire réalisable en raison des quantités de calcul accrues introduites par la non-linéarité du modèle de commutation.Afin d'intégrer le modèle au niveau du composant dans la simulation en temps réel, cette thèse porte sur l'exploration approfondie des techniques de modélisation et de simulation en temps réel au niveau composantdes convertisseurs d’électronique de puissance. Les techniques de simulation en temps réel les plus récentes sont d’abord examinées de manière exhaustive, tant au niveau du système que du composant. En outre, deux approches de modélisation au niveau du composant sont proposées, à savoir le modèle haute résolution quasi-transitoire (HRQT) et le modèle transitoire linéaire par morceaux (PLT). Dans le modèle HRQT, le modèle de réseau est implémenté par une simulation au niveau système tout en générant les formes d'onde de commutation transitoires avec une résolution de 5 ns, ce qui permet de simuler le convertisseur de puissance avec des transitoires rapides jusqu'à des dizaines de nanosecondes. Compte tenu des effets des transitoires sur l’ensemble du réseau, les modèles non linéaires des IGBT et diodes sont linéarisés par morceaux dans le modèle PLT. À l'aide de techniques efficaces de découplage de circuits, le modèle du convertisseur de puissance au niveau composant peut être simulé de manière stable avec un pas de temps de simulation global de 50 ns. Les deux modèles proposés sont testés et validés via différents cas sur une plate-forme temps réel de National Instruments basée sur un FPGA, comprenant un convertisseur boost boosté entrelacé (FIBC) pour le modèle HRQT, un convertisseur DC-DC-AC pour le modèle PLT et un convertisseur modulaire à plusieurs niveaux (MMC) pour les deux. Des résultats précis sont produits par rapport aux outils de simulation hors ligne. L'efficacité et les valeurs d'application sont également vérifiées par les résultats d’essais en temps réel. / In the development cycles of the power electronics converters, the real-time simulation plays an essential role in validating the converters’ and the controllers’ performances before their implementations on real systems. It can simulate and reproduce the current and voltage waveforms of the modeled power electronics converters accurately with a simulation time-step exactly corresponding to the physical time. The power electronics circuits are characterized by nonlinear switching behaviors. Therefore, the representations of switching devices are crucial in real-time simulation. The system-level model is widely used in both commercial real-time simulators and the experimentally built real-time platforms, which models the switching behaviors by two separate steady states – turn-on and turn-off, and neglects all the switching transients. In recent years, the device-level real-time simulation has become popular since it can simulate the transient switching waveforms and provide useful information with regard to the device stresses, the power losses, the parasitic effects, and electro-thermal behaviors. Nevertheless, the device-level real-time simulation is constrained by the achievable transient time-step due to the increased computational amounts introduced by the nonlinearity of the switch model.In order to integrate the device-level model in the real-time simulation, in this thesis, the device-level real-time modeling and simulation techniques of the power electronics converters are deeply explored. The state-of-art real-time simulation techniques are firstly reviewed comprehensively with regard to both system-level and device-level. Moreover, two device-level modeling approaches are proposed, including high- resolution quasi-transient model (HRQT) and the piecewise linear transient (PLT) model. In HRQT model, the network model can be implemented by system-level simulation while generating the transient switching waveforms with a 5 ns resolution, which is good at simulating the power converter with fast switching transients down to tens of nanoseconds. Considering the effects of the transient behaviors on the entire network, the PLT model is proposed by piecewise linearizing the nonlinear IGBT and diode equivalent models. With the help of effective circuit decoupling techniques, the device-level power converter model can be simulated stably with a 50 ns global simulation time-step. The proposed two models are tested and validated via different case studies on National Instruments (NI) FPGA-based real-time platform, including floating interleaved boost converter (FIBC) for HRQT model, DC-DC-AC converter for PLT model, and modular multi-level converter (MMC) for the both. Accurate results are produced compared to offline simulation tools. The effectiveness and the application values are further verified by the results of the real-time experiments.

This thesis deals with the design of gas insulated switchgear produced in company ABB s.r.o. Theoretically describes the basics of project engineering in the 2D and 3D environments as well as the construction, partition and properties of the switchgear substations. In thesis is included practical designs and comparison of a gas insulated switchgear draft in 2D and 3D interface in the offer phase.

The diploma thesis deals with project documentation for the realization of the sports centre in Zlín. Object is located on the edge of the city Zlín in build-up area of the sports halls. Object is defined from two sides by major roads, that are connected with family and residential buildings. Building site of the object is sligtly sloping, however with ground adapting adjusts into seeming flat land. The hall is devided on three operation parts. First and dominant unit is formed by gaming area with grandstrand, corresponding facilities included. Second unit is formed by mountaineering wall, corresponding included. Third unit is formed by bar, corresponding facilities included. Object is drafted with consideration of the Baťas architecture. Object is designed like a skeleton construction with combinated system of frames. Main supporting vertical construction of skeleton is designed from reinforced prefabricated concrete column. Main supporting horizontal construction of skeleton is designed like a system solution slimfloor, that is based on placing prestressed segment onto bottom side of a special beam Deltabeam. Within the main supporting construction is designed stifenner and construction of grandstrand as well, maid from reinforced prefabricard concrete. Sheathing of the object is combinated. From the second floor is designed system from thermal insulated sandwich panels, which is anchored into the pre-set steel construction. Roof is designed as a flat roof with trapezoidal metal sheet with thermal insulation and waterproofing layer made from m-PVC. Fillings of the object including light curtain wall is designed from system Schüco.

The subject of this diploma thesis is the elaboration of project documentation for the construction of a new multifunctional building. The building will be located in the city of Brno, in the district of Zábrdovice, in street Vlhká. The building is divided into residential units, offices, a dental office, a café and a technical background. The building is designed as a terrace house in blank space, non-basement and with four above-ground floors. The residential part has 2 flats 3+kk. Part of the residential areas includes storage areas and garage. Non-residential premises include a café with hygienic facilities, administrative part of individual offices, storages and hygienic premises, dental office with waiting room and background for employees and technical facilities – technical room and air-condition machinery. There are 17 parking places, of which 1 for people with limited mobility and 1 for motorbike. The object is based on piles. The peripheral load-bearing structures are walled of sand-lime blocks. The ceiling structure consists of prestressed ceiling panels. The building is sheltered by hipped roof, which is made of gang-nailed-connected timber truss. The stairs are prefabricated. During processing the emphasis was put on the appropriate layout, building-construction and architectural design and safe use of the building. Project documentation is processed in Allplan.

The subject of the diploma thesis is a processed design of a steel construction of a pavilion shaped by spherical segments. The pavilion has exhibition purpose as a part of the zoological garden Lešná, and is intended for African beasts. The design meets architectonical requests - roundness and luminosity. A shape of the pavilion consists of three intersecting cupolas with a frontal curved cut out for glass facade. Construction of the pavilion consists of the radial arranged arched ribs with transversal bars, which are supplemented by horizontal purlins. Forehead of the pavilion is formed by columns and girts. Cladding is designed in combination: aluminum profile and insulated glass. Comparison of alternative steel structure solutions is also a part of the diploma thesis.

The topic of this dissertation is to elaborate the building-technical part of a project documentation for a realization of a new building „old people’s home“ in Trutnov. This building will be used for old people who have various health problems or who have to rely on other people’s help. From the top view the building is divided into two parts – part A and part B that have a different functionand are connected with a linking passage. There are two floors in the building. The roof construction is designed flat withoutside and inside drain pipesfor the draining off water. The architectural concept of the building fits in the nearby built-up area. Traditional building materials are thought to be used. The whole building is designed as barrier-free.

The aim of this master thesis is to prepare the project documentation for a building of a Christian centre. The building is designed for liturgical purposes, but also leisure activities and consists of two floors and a partial basement. The main parts of the building: Main hall for worship services, group of rooms for activities, small hall, tea room and a dwelling unit for the pastor. The floor plan of the building is shaped like the letter „V“, and the architectural design of the building does not interfere with the landscape. The building is set in slightly sloping terrain which forms a contrast with the opposite rising flat roof over the main hall.

Se presenta la propuesta de un factor probabilístico para determinar el porcentaje de falla que se puede presentar en cimentaciones superficiales, en nuestro caso zapatas. En este articulo presentaremos una comparación entre el factor de seguridad (F.S), definido por la norma E050 Suelos y Cimentaciones, y la probabilidad de falla. Este método se ejecutará a través de la simulación de datos de entrada, tales como peso específico, cohesión, ángulo de fricción y solicitación de carga. Para este proceso de simulación se aplicará el método Monte Carlo. Una vez obtenido los valores de la resistencia del suelo, teniendo en cuenta su distribución normal, y la solicitación, se comenzará a analizar las probabilidades de fallar mediante las curvas de densidad de la resistencia y solicitación. Finalmente analizaremos la relación que se dará entre el F.S y la probabilidad de falla para observar su comportamiento al aumentar los parámetros para la resistencia. / The proposal of a probabilistic factor is presented to determine the percentage of failure that can occur in shallow foundations, in our case footings. In this article we will present a comparison between the safety factor (F.S), defined by the standard E050 Soils and Foundations, and the probability of failure. This method will be executed through the simulation of input data, such as specific weight, cohesion, angle of friction and load stress. For this simulation process, the Monte Carlo method will be applied. Once the soil resistance values ​​have been obtained, considering its normal distribution and the stress, the probabilities of failure will begin to be analyzed using the strength and stress density curves. Finally, we will analyze the relationship that will occur between the F.S and the probability of failure to observe the behavior when increasing the parameters for resistance. / Trabajo de investigación