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Biophysical properties, fibril formation and processing of islet amyloid polypeptideHigham, Claire Emily January 1999 (has links)
No description available.
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Pancreatic islet cell transplantation : rejection and tolerance inductionTurvey, Stuary Eric January 1999 (has links)
No description available.
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Molecular characterisation of the calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II of human islets of LangerhansBreen, Maria Adrienne January 1996 (has links)
No description available.
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What obese and non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus patients experience and expect from their primary care doctors concerning weight-loss managementBham, Zuneid Ahmed 03 November 2009 (has links)
M.Fam.Med. Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 2009. / Worldwide, obesity prevalence is rapidly rising. Doctors have poor understanding of what patients experience and expect from them regarding weight-loss management. This qualitative study explored what obese patients with Non-insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus experience and expect from their primary care doctors concerning weight-loss management. Free attitude interviews were conducted with eight participating patients. The findings showed that doctors encouraged and counselled patients regarding weight-loss, mainly giving dietary advice, but did not routinely weigh them. Patients accepted responsibility for losing weight, trusted their doctors, valued their advice highly and did not want referrals to gymnasiums or dieticians. They expected doctors to advise them practically about exercise, diet and weight-loss goals, weigh them regularly and communicate effectively. They believed that doctor-patient relationships and interaction are important in weight-loss management, patients should be treated on an individual basis and the process should be empowering. Medical intervention costs were not problematic for this group. Generally patients were satisfied with their doctors but there were areas concerning patients’ expectations that primary care doctors should take cognisance of.
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Molecular genetics of type 2 diabetes /Li, Luosheng, January 2002 (has links)
Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karolinska institutet, 2002. / Härtill 6 uppsatser.
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Markers of microvascular complications in adolescents with type 1 diabetesTossavainen née Riihimaa, P. (Päivi) 10 January 2003 (has links)
Abstract
The markers of microvascular complications of type 1 diabetes were evaluated in adolescents in a cross sectional survey of 100 out of 138 eligible patients aged 9-19 years with a duration of diabetes over two years who visited the Paediatric Outpatient Clinic at Oulu University Hospital in 1997-1999, and one hundred healthy controls.
Two patients in early or mid-puberty had non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy, but no other signs of microvascular complications.
The five patients with persistent microalbuminuria were all girls; one prepubertal, one late pubertal and three postpubertal. Their mean glycated haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) was higher, but they had a similar duration of diabetes and age distribution to those without microalbuminuria.
The adolescent patients were predisposed to higher fasting serum total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglyceride levels and higher diastolic blood pressure than the control subjects. The proportional total body fat was highest in the girls with diabetes by the end of puberty, while serum leptin levels did not differ between the patients and healthy controls. The patients had low fasting serum insulin levels and high insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 1 levels, related to hypoinsulinaemia.
Distal motor nerve function in the lower extremities were already affected before puberty, and distal and proximal nerve function deteriorated as puberty advanced. Ten patients had neurophysiologically confirmed distal diabetic polyneuropathy, and they were older and they had longer duration of diabetes and higher HbA1c than patients without polyneuropathy.
Although cardiovascular function was in the main well preserved in the adolescents with type 1 diabetes, the power spectrum analysis of heart rate variability showed attenuated autonomic nervous system reactivity.
Taken together these data show that a relatively small proportion of adolescents with type 1 diabetes have signs of microvascular complications. The prevalences of diabetic retinopathy, persistent microalbuminuria and distal diabetic polyneuropathy were 2%, 6% and 10%, respectively. Pubertal maturation seems to promote the progression of early signs of microvascular complications in patients affected by type 1 diabetes.
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Terapêutica com tibolona em mulheres diabéticas na pós-menopausa: parâmetros clínicos e laboratoriais de segurança / Tibolone treatment of diabetic postmenopausal women: clinical and laboratory safety parametersFreitas, Ana Karla Monteiro Santana de Oliveira 09 September 2002 (has links)
CONTEXTO: as mulheres na pós-menopausa com diabetes mellitus não insulino-dependente (DMNID) constituem um grupo com maior risco de doença cardiovascular, visto serem muitas delas obesas, hipertensas e hiperlipidêmicas. A tibolona pode se constituir opção viável para a terapêutica de reposição hormonal nessas pacientes, no entanto são necessários estudos que avaliem as implicações clínicas, modificações metabólicas e resultados terapêuticos da tibolona nesse grupo de pacientes. OBJETIVO: determinar o perfil de segurança clínico-laboratorial da terapia com tibolona em pacientes na pós-menopausa portadoras de DMNID. TIPO DE ESTUDO: prospectivo, longitudinal, aberto e não controlado. LOCAL: Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto. PARTICIPANTES: 24 pacientes na pós-menopausa portadoras de DMNID, tratadas com 2,5 mg/dia de tibolona, pelo período de 6 meses. VARIÁVEIS: avaliação clínica, medidas antropométricas (IMC, RCQ e % Gordura), dosagens hormonais (FSH, LH, T4 livre, TSH), bioquímica sangüínea (uréia, creatinina, bilirrubinas, TGO, TGP, glicose e hemoglobina glicosilada) e ultra-sonografia transvaginal (espessura endometrial e volume uterino). ANÁLISE ESTATÍSTICA: teste não-paramétrico de Kolmogorov-Smirnov, análise de variância para medidas repetidas e teste t" pareado para dois períodos, sendo adotado nível de significância de 5%. RESULTADOS: após 6 meses, todas as pacientes permaneceram em uso da medicação. Como efeitos colaterais, 8,3% apresentaram cefaléia, 8,3% mastalgia e 16,6% sangramento genital. Houve melhora na % de gordura corporal (43,15 ? 6,39 vs 41,76 ? 5,20; p=0,01) e na pressão arterial diastólica (87,29 ? 7,36 vs 78,33 ? 11,67; p=0,0005). Não houve variações significativas na pressão arterial sistólica, freqüência cardíaca, IMC e RCQ, bem como nos parâmetros bioquímicos. Houve diminuição dos sintomas climatéricos (22,17 ? 7,15 vs 3,08 ? 3,33; p=0,0001). A avaliação ultra-sonográfica não revelou variações do volume uterino e espessura endometrial. CONCLUSÃO: a utilização de tibolona durante um período de 6 meses, mostrou bom perfil de segurança clínico-laboratorial em pacientes na pós-menopausa portadoras de DMNID. / CONTEXT: Postmenopausal women with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) represent a high risk group since many of them are obese, hypertensive and hyperlipidemic, with a higher risk for cardiovascular disease. Tibolone may represent a viable option for the hormonal replacement therapy of these patients. There is the need for studies assessing the clinical implications, metabolic modifications and therapeutic results of tibolone in this group of patients. OBJECTIVE: To determine the clinical-laboratory safety profile of tibolone treatment in postmenopausal women with NIDDM over a period of 180 days. TYPE OF STUDY: Prospective, longitudinal, open and uncontrolled. PLACE: University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto. PARTICIPANTS: 24 postmenopausal women with NIDDM treated with 2.5 mg/day tibolone. VARIABLES: Clinical evaluation, anthropometric measurements (BMI, WHR and % body fat), blood determinations (FSH, LH, free T4, TSH, urea, creatinine, bilirubins, GOT and GPT, glucose, and glycosylated hemoglobin), and transvaginal ultrasonography (endometrial thickness and uterine volume). STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Non-parametric Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, repeated measures analysis of variance and paired t-test for two periods, with the level of significance set at 5 %. RESULTS: After 6 months, all patients continued to use the medication. Side effects were headache in 8.3% of patients, mastalgia in 8.3%, and genital bleeding in 16.6%. There was an improvement in % body fat (43.15 ? 6.39 vs 41.76 ? 5.20; p=0.01) and diastolic arterial pressure (87.29 ? 7.36 vs 78.33 ? 11.67; p=0.0005). There were no significant variations in systolic arterial pressure, heart rate, BMI or WHR in the biochemical parameters. There was a reduction in the climacteric symptoms (22.17 ? 7.15 vs 3.08 ? 3.33; p=0.0001) and ultrasonography showed no changes in uterine volume or endometrial thickness. CONCLUSION: Treatment with tibolone for 180 days showed a good clinical-laboratory safety profile in postmenopausal women with NIDDM.
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Consumo de leite e o diabetes mellitus insulino-dependente: um estudo caso-controle / Milk consumption and insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: a case-control studySuely Godoy Agostinho Gimeno 12 August 1996 (has links)
Este estudo, com delineamento tipo caso-controle, teve como proposta testar as hipóteses de que a amamentação ao seio é um fator de proteção para o DMID e o leite de vaca, introduzido precocemente na alimentação infantil, é um fator de risco para a doença. Os casos foram identificados na Associação de Diabetes Juvenil de São Paulo e no ambulatório de Endocrinologia da Escola Paulista de Medicina. Trezentos e quarenta e seis casos, com idade inferior a 18 anos no momento da entrevista, foram comparados com 346 controles pareados aos casos segundo sexo, idade e local de residência. Foram consideradas como variáveis de principal interesse a duração do aleitamento exclusivamente ao seio, a idade da introdução de alimentos lácteos na dieta e ter recebido leite em pó na maternidade. Foram consideradas como variáveis de controle as idades da mãe e do pai no momento do nascimento da criança, o histórico da mãe de rubéola congênita, a duração da gestação, o peso e o comprimento ao nascer, a situação de vacinação, os antecedentes relativos a doenças viróticas da criança, o histórico da criança de episódios graves de diarréia, a data da insulinoterapia, os antecedentes familiares de DMID e DMNID, a renda familiar per capita e a ordem de nascimento da criança. Utilizaram-se o teste t de Student pareado para a comparação das médias das variáveis cujos valores têm distribuição normal e o teste pareado dos sinais dos postos de Wilcoxon para as demais, a técnica de tábua de vida atuarial para se conhecer, aos 7 e aos 60 dias, a proporção de crianças ainda em aleitamento exclusivamente ao seio e sem introdução de alimentos lác- teos. O modelo de regressão logística condicional foi utilizado tanto para as análises da gradação dos odds ratios como para ajustar os efeitos sobre o DMID das três variáveis de interesse a possíveis variáveis de confusão. Os resultados encontrados neste estudo indicam que são fatores de risco para o DMID a ausência de aleitamento exclusivamente, especialmente durante a primeira semana de vida (OR = 2,13, IC: 1,28 - 3,55) e a idade da introdução de alimentos lácteos, especialmente quando esses alimentos são introduzidos durante os primeiros sete dias de vida (OR = 2,29; IC: 1,37 - 3,83). / This case-control study aimed to test the assumption that breast feeding protects against insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, and that the early introduction of cow milk into the infant diet is a risk factor for the disease. The cases were identified in the Juvenile Diabetes Association of São Paulo, and in the Out-patients Endocrinology Department of the Escola Paulista de Medicina. Three hundred and forty-six cases among patients younger than eighteen years old at the time of the interview were compared with 346 paired control cases for sex, age and place of residence. The main variables were the duration of exclusive breast feeding , the age at which milk products were introduced into the diet, and whether powdered milk was given in the maternity unit. The ages of the parents when the child was born, history of congenital rubella in the mother, duration of gestation, weight and height at birth, vaccination status, the child\'s viral disease history, the child\'s history of severa attacks of diarrhea, the date of insulin therapy, previous familial history of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, the per-capita income of the family, and the order of birth of the child. Student\'s paired test was used to compare the mean values of variables with normal distribution, and Wilcoxon\'s signed ranks test was used for all other variables. The actuarial life table technique was used at 7 and 60 days in order to determine the proportion of children still being exclusively breast fed without the introduction of milk products. The conditional logistical regression method was used in dose-response analyses of the odds ratio and to adjust for the effect of the three variables of interest and possible confounding variables on insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. The findings of this study indicate that the lack of exclusive breast feeding is a risk factor to insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, particularly during the first week of life (OR=2.13; IC: 1.28-3.55) and that the age at introduction of milk products is a risk factor for the disease, particularly when these products are introduced during the first seven days of life (OR=2.29; IC: 1.37 -33.83).
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Consumo de leite e o diabetes mellitus insulino-dependente: um estudo caso-controle / Milk consumption and insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: a case-control studyGimeno, Suely Godoy Agostinho 12 August 1996 (has links)
Este estudo, com delineamento tipo caso-controle, teve como proposta testar as hipóteses de que a amamentação ao seio é um fator de proteção para o DMID e o leite de vaca, introduzido precocemente na alimentação infantil, é um fator de risco para a doença. Os casos foram identificados na Associação de Diabetes Juvenil de São Paulo e no ambulatório de Endocrinologia da Escola Paulista de Medicina. Trezentos e quarenta e seis casos, com idade inferior a 18 anos no momento da entrevista, foram comparados com 346 controles pareados aos casos segundo sexo, idade e local de residência. Foram consideradas como variáveis de principal interesse a duração do aleitamento exclusivamente ao seio, a idade da introdução de alimentos lácteos na dieta e ter recebido leite em pó na maternidade. Foram consideradas como variáveis de controle as idades da mãe e do pai no momento do nascimento da criança, o histórico da mãe de rubéola congênita, a duração da gestação, o peso e o comprimento ao nascer, a situação de vacinação, os antecedentes relativos a doenças viróticas da criança, o histórico da criança de episódios graves de diarréia, a data da insulinoterapia, os antecedentes familiares de DMID e DMNID, a renda familiar per capita e a ordem de nascimento da criança. Utilizaram-se o teste t de Student pareado para a comparação das médias das variáveis cujos valores têm distribuição normal e o teste pareado dos sinais dos postos de Wilcoxon para as demais, a técnica de tábua de vida atuarial para se conhecer, aos 7 e aos 60 dias, a proporção de crianças ainda em aleitamento exclusivamente ao seio e sem introdução de alimentos lác- teos. O modelo de regressão logística condicional foi utilizado tanto para as análises da gradação dos odds ratios como para ajustar os efeitos sobre o DMID das três variáveis de interesse a possíveis variáveis de confusão. Os resultados encontrados neste estudo indicam que são fatores de risco para o DMID a ausência de aleitamento exclusivamente, especialmente durante a primeira semana de vida (OR = 2,13, IC: 1,28 - 3,55) e a idade da introdução de alimentos lácteos, especialmente quando esses alimentos são introduzidos durante os primeiros sete dias de vida (OR = 2,29; IC: 1,37 - 3,83). / This case-control study aimed to test the assumption that breast feeding protects against insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, and that the early introduction of cow milk into the infant diet is a risk factor for the disease. The cases were identified in the Juvenile Diabetes Association of São Paulo, and in the Out-patients Endocrinology Department of the Escola Paulista de Medicina. Three hundred and forty-six cases among patients younger than eighteen years old at the time of the interview were compared with 346 paired control cases for sex, age and place of residence. The main variables were the duration of exclusive breast feeding , the age at which milk products were introduced into the diet, and whether powdered milk was given in the maternity unit. The ages of the parents when the child was born, history of congenital rubella in the mother, duration of gestation, weight and height at birth, vaccination status, the child\'s viral disease history, the child\'s history of severa attacks of diarrhea, the date of insulin therapy, previous familial history of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, the per-capita income of the family, and the order of birth of the child. Student\'s paired test was used to compare the mean values of variables with normal distribution, and Wilcoxon\'s signed ranks test was used for all other variables. The actuarial life table technique was used at 7 and 60 days in order to determine the proportion of children still being exclusively breast fed without the introduction of milk products. The conditional logistical regression method was used in dose-response analyses of the odds ratio and to adjust for the effect of the three variables of interest and possible confounding variables on insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. The findings of this study indicate that the lack of exclusive breast feeding is a risk factor to insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, particularly during the first week of life (OR=2.13; IC: 1.28-3.55) and that the age at introduction of milk products is a risk factor for the disease, particularly when these products are introduced during the first seven days of life (OR=2.29; IC: 1.37 -33.83).
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Terapêutica com tibolona em mulheres diabéticas na pós-menopausa: parâmetros clínicos e laboratoriais de segurança / Tibolone treatment of diabetic postmenopausal women: clinical and laboratory safety parametersAna Karla Monteiro Santana de Oliveira Freitas 09 September 2002 (has links)
CONTEXTO: as mulheres na pós-menopausa com diabetes mellitus não insulino-dependente (DMNID) constituem um grupo com maior risco de doença cardiovascular, visto serem muitas delas obesas, hipertensas e hiperlipidêmicas. A tibolona pode se constituir opção viável para a terapêutica de reposição hormonal nessas pacientes, no entanto são necessários estudos que avaliem as implicações clínicas, modificações metabólicas e resultados terapêuticos da tibolona nesse grupo de pacientes. OBJETIVO: determinar o perfil de segurança clínico-laboratorial da terapia com tibolona em pacientes na pós-menopausa portadoras de DMNID. TIPO DE ESTUDO: prospectivo, longitudinal, aberto e não controlado. LOCAL: Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto. PARTICIPANTES: 24 pacientes na pós-menopausa portadoras de DMNID, tratadas com 2,5 mg/dia de tibolona, pelo período de 6 meses. VARIÁVEIS: avaliação clínica, medidas antropométricas (IMC, RCQ e % Gordura), dosagens hormonais (FSH, LH, T4 livre, TSH), bioquímica sangüínea (uréia, creatinina, bilirrubinas, TGO, TGP, glicose e hemoglobina glicosilada) e ultra-sonografia transvaginal (espessura endometrial e volume uterino). ANÁLISE ESTATÍSTICA: teste não-paramétrico de Kolmogorov-Smirnov, análise de variância para medidas repetidas e teste t pareado para dois períodos, sendo adotado nível de significância de 5%. RESULTADOS: após 6 meses, todas as pacientes permaneceram em uso da medicação. Como efeitos colaterais, 8,3% apresentaram cefaléia, 8,3% mastalgia e 16,6% sangramento genital. Houve melhora na % de gordura corporal (43,15 ? 6,39 vs 41,76 ? 5,20; p=0,01) e na pressão arterial diastólica (87,29 ? 7,36 vs 78,33 ? 11,67; p=0,0005). Não houve variações significativas na pressão arterial sistólica, freqüência cardíaca, IMC e RCQ, bem como nos parâmetros bioquímicos. Houve diminuição dos sintomas climatéricos (22,17 ? 7,15 vs 3,08 ? 3,33; p=0,0001). A avaliação ultra-sonográfica não revelou variações do volume uterino e espessura endometrial. CONCLUSÃO: a utilização de tibolona durante um período de 6 meses, mostrou bom perfil de segurança clínico-laboratorial em pacientes na pós-menopausa portadoras de DMNID. / CONTEXT: Postmenopausal women with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) represent a high risk group since many of them are obese, hypertensive and hyperlipidemic, with a higher risk for cardiovascular disease. Tibolone may represent a viable option for the hormonal replacement therapy of these patients. There is the need for studies assessing the clinical implications, metabolic modifications and therapeutic results of tibolone in this group of patients. OBJECTIVE: To determine the clinical-laboratory safety profile of tibolone treatment in postmenopausal women with NIDDM over a period of 180 days. TYPE OF STUDY: Prospective, longitudinal, open and uncontrolled. PLACE: University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto. PARTICIPANTS: 24 postmenopausal women with NIDDM treated with 2.5 mg/day tibolone. VARIABLES: Clinical evaluation, anthropometric measurements (BMI, WHR and % body fat), blood determinations (FSH, LH, free T4, TSH, urea, creatinine, bilirubins, GOT and GPT, glucose, and glycosylated hemoglobin), and transvaginal ultrasonography (endometrial thickness and uterine volume). STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Non-parametric Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, repeated measures analysis of variance and paired t-test for two periods, with the level of significance set at 5 %. RESULTS: After 6 months, all patients continued to use the medication. Side effects were headache in 8.3% of patients, mastalgia in 8.3%, and genital bleeding in 16.6%. There was an improvement in % body fat (43.15 ? 6.39 vs 41.76 ? 5.20; p=0.01) and diastolic arterial pressure (87.29 ? 7.36 vs 78.33 ? 11.67; p=0.0005). There were no significant variations in systolic arterial pressure, heart rate, BMI or WHR in the biochemical parameters. There was a reduction in the climacteric symptoms (22.17 ? 7.15 vs 3.08 ? 3.33; p=0.0001) and ultrasonography showed no changes in uterine volume or endometrial thickness. CONCLUSION: Treatment with tibolone for 180 days showed a good clinical-laboratory safety profile in postmenopausal women with NIDDM.
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