The box corer is a relatively new tool used in the geotechnical community for collection of soft seabed sediments. Miniature full flow and model pipeline probes were developed as tools to characterize and obtain soil parameters of soft seabed sediments collected in the box core for design of offshore pipelines and analysis of shallow debris flows. Probes specifically developed for this study include the miniature t-bar, ball, motorized vane (MV), and toroid. The t-bar, ball, and MV were developed to measure intact and remolded undrained shear strengths (su and sur). The t-bar and ball can obtain continuous strength profiles and measure sur at discrete depths in the box corer while the MV measures su and sur at discrete depths. The toroid is a form of model pipeline testing which was developed to investigate pipe-soil interaction during axial pipeline movement. Vertical loading and displacement rates can be selected for the toroid to mimic axial pipeline displacement for a variety of pipe weights. A load frame for both miniature penetrometer and toroid testing was developed for testing directly on box core samples offshore. This research presents results from offshore and laboratory testing of the box core and recommended testing procedures for full flow and toroid probes on box core samples.

The main objective of this project is to investigate the applicability of the IMO second-generation intact stability criteria in enhancing the process of designing fishing vessels, which often face stability challenges due to their narrow hulls and harsh operating environments. The study involves analyzing the impact of these criteria, specifically focusing on dead ship conditions and Level 1 and Level 2 excessive acceleration criteria, on the design of three fishing vessels. Through thorough theoretical examination and practical assessment, the research seeks to provide naval architects with valuable insights into designing safer and more stable fishing vessels. The investigation also explores the potential benefits of incorporating bilge keels to mitigate lateral acceleration effects, aiming to enhance crew safety. Finally, a discussion of the computation results is held, followed by a conclusion. / Huvudsyftet med detta projekt är att undersöka tillämpbarheten av IMO:s andra generationens kriterier för intaktstabilitet för att förbättra processen med att designa fiskefartyg. Denna typ av fartyg har ofta flera stabilitetsutmaningar på grund av deras smala skrov och krävande driftsmiljöer. Studien innefattar att analysera effekterna av dessa kriterier, med särskild fokus på "dead ship" villkor samt nivå 1- och nivå 2-kriterierna för kraftiga acceleration, på designen av tre fiskefartyg. Genom teoretisk granskning och praktisk bedömning ämnar forskningen ge fartygskonstruktörer insikter för att designa säkrare och mer stabila fiskefartyg. Undersökningen utforskar också de potentiella fördelarna med att inkludera slingerkölar för att mildra effekterna av lateral acceleration och därmed öka besättningens säkerhet. Rapporten avslutas med en diskussion kring beräkningsresultaten, följt av en slutsats.

La glycosylation est la forme la plus courante de modification post-traductionnelle (PTM) des protéines humaines, puisque plus de 70% d’entre elles sont glycosylées. Celle-ci régule de nombreuses propriétés biologiques comme leur stabilité, leur demi-vie et leur activité. Néanmoins, les protéines peuvent également présenter d'autres types de PTM, ce qui peut conduire pour une protéine donnée à un très grand nombre d'isoformes variant par leur masse, leurs propriétés biologiques et physico-chimiques et leur concentration dans les échantillons biologiques. Ainsi, caractériser une glycoprotéine comporte de nombreux défis et nécessite la mise en œuvre de méthodes séparatives très performantes et de détection très sensibles et informatives.La gonadotrophine chorionique humaine (hCG) est l’hormone spécifique de la grossesse humaine. Elle est essentielle au développement du placenta et du fœtus. Elle est composée de deux sous-unités hCGα et hCGβ qui sont fortement glycosylées (4 sites de N-glycosylation et 4 sites d’O-glycosylation). Récemment, des travaux ont montré une corrélation entre sa glycosylation et une bonne implantation du fœtus. Une caractérisation des ces glycoformes s’avère donc nécessaire.Par conséquent, de nouvelles méthodes en LC/CE-MS ont été développées pour la caractérisation de la hCG à l’échelle intacte en utilisant deux médicaments à base de hCG ayant des glycosylations différentes. Alors que la méthode en CZE-MS (TQ) a permis de différencier les profils des glycoformes de la sous-unité hCGα des deux médicaments, la complémentarité des méthodes RP- et HILIC-MS (qTOF) a conduit à leur identification.Pour limiter les erreurs potentielles d’identification dues au chevauchement des profils isotopiques, le profil de chaque isoforme a été résolu par FT-ICR MS. Dans ce but, une séparation au format nanoLC en mode RP a été développée, améliorant ainsi la sensibilité de la méthode d’un facteur 500 par rapport au format conventionnel. Cette méthode a permis de confirmer l’identification des glycoformes de la sous-unité hCGα. D’autre part, il a été possible d’obtenir des profils différents de glycosylation de la sous-unité hCGβ en favorisant leur ionisation par réduction de la hCG. Enfin, un traitement à la PNGase a conduit à l’élimination des N-glycanes pour l’obtention des profils d’O-glycosylation de la sous-unité hCGβ. / Glycosylation is the most common form of post-translational modifications (PTMs) of human proteins, since more than 70% are glycosylated. It regulates numerous biological properties including their stability, half-life, and activity. Nevertheless, proteins can also exhibit other types of PTMs that lead to a very large number of isoforms, varying in mass, properties and concentration in the biological samples. Therefore, the characterization of a glycoprotein is highly challenging and requires the use of powerful separation techniques and sensitive and informative detection modes.The human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is the hormone specific to human pregnancy. It is essential for the development of placenta and fetus. It is based on two heavily glycosylated subunits, hCGα and hCGβ, having 8 glycosylation sites (4 N- and 4 O-glycosylation sites). Some recent studies demonstrated that here is a correlation between the hCG glycosylation state and the fetus implantation. This is why the characterization of the hCG glycoformes is needed.Therefore, new LC/CE-MS methods were developed for the characterisation of hCG at the intact level using two hCG-based drugs having different glycosylation profiles. While the CZE-MS (TQ) method showed its potential for glycosylation fingerprinting, the complementarity of LC-(qTOF) MS methods in RP and HILIC modes allowed the identification of the glycoforms of the hCGα subunit.To limit the identification errors due to the overlapping of isotopic distribution patterns, the profile of each isoform was resolved by FT-ICR MS. For this purpose, a nanoLC separation in RP mode was developed, thus improving the sensitivity of the method by a factor 500 compared to the conventional format. This method allowed the confirmation of the identification of hCGα glycoforms. Then, it was possible to obtain different glycosylation patterns of the hCGβ by promoting its ionization after hCG reduction. Then, a PNGase treatment was carried out to remove the N-glycans in order to obtain the O-glycoprofiles of hCGβ isoforms.

and keywords This work is focused on the integration of high school students with special educational needs. The first part of the work deals with legislation, school counseling facilities, the integration process viewed by schools, attitudes toward handicapped people in our society and other conditions that determine the recent way of integration. The second part of the work is aimed at the integration of high school students who are physically and perceptually handicapped. These students form the most numerous group of individually integrated students at high schools with school leaving exam. The work is also aimed at the individual integration of students with autism spectrum disorders. The reason why this part of the work deals with these two types of integration is that the high school education methodology have been made only for them. The third part contains research that observes experience of teachers teaching integrated students, their professional awareness, the learning process and assessment of individual integration. Keywords: high school, inclusive education, integration of students with special educational needs, teaching assistant, a personal assistant, intact student.

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The proposal focuses on phasing scenario and identify how to treat the monument intact, but she fully exploit the current way. These phases are hierarchically established, without continuing into the next stage. Because the mill building to respond flexibly to the specific needs of communities. The concept is based on the gradual additive laminate and function. Layering and arise solely the premises, but also the interconnections, which between them generate more interaction. Each material has its own particular character and its own hierarchy towards other functional masses.

Many usability features designed in software applications are not procedurally intuitive for software users. A good example of software usability involves tabular sorting in a spreadsheet. Single-column sorting, activated with a mouse click to a column header or toolbar button, often produces rearranged listings that reduce cognitive organization beyond the sorted column. Multi-column sorting, generated through menu-driven processes, provides derived organization, however, locating feature options through menu-based systems can be confusing. A means to overcome this confusion is prioritized selection of database arrays issued to columnar displays for the purpose of intact transposition of data. This is a unique process designed as a user-centric tabular multi-column sorting interface. Designed within this experimental software application is a "trickle down" logic perceived as a navigation rule. The design offers logic associated with decision choices as used to pursue a software solution. The solution in this instance is a compiled resultant of separate and distinct columnar data sorting. The design was initially implemented in a software application housing thousands of examination scores. Observations of the design concept's effectiveness in practice led to further investigation through this master's thesis. To validate the research design, research participants were introduced to an example of traditional database sort/selection with practice examples. These users were also provided sorting exercises to reinforce the discussed concepts--both experimental and traditional. Finally, a survey questionnaire allowed them to provide feedback about the different task methods for sorting as well as the experience of using these dissimilar methods. The hypothesis was not validated through the research survey. Consideration of observations of the design in a production environment for four years, however, provided impetus to suggest further research of the design concept.

Ce mémoire par article est une étude des différences hémodynamiques entre la dextro-transposition des gros vaisseaux (TGV) avec communication interventriculaire (CIV) et la TGV avec septum intact (SI) pendant la période fœtale et périopératoire. Il est à noter que SI fait référence au septum inter ventriculaire et non au septum inter auriculaire. La présence d’une communication inter auriculaire étant, comme nous le verrons dans ce travail, un élément important de la physiologie des fœtus/nouveau-nés porteur de TGV. Le document est divisé en deux parties importantes. La première partie est composée du chapitre 1 qui présente une revue de littérature détaillant les notions importantes à la compréhension de la problématique et du chapitre 2 qui décrit la méthodologie utilisée pour répondre à la question de recherche. On détaille d’abord les méthodes d’acquisition des échocardiographies fœtales ainsi que les principales mesures effectuées à partir de celles-ci. Ensuite, on y décrit les technologies de la spectroscopie proche infrarouge avancée et de la spectroscopie à corrélation diffuse (NIRS-DCS) permettant de recueillir les données hémodynamiques sur la microvascularisation cérébrale des nouveau-nés. La seconde partie est constituée du chapitre 3 qui est le manuscrit accepté au journal Ultrasound in Obstetric & Gynecology pour publication. Celui-ci décrit les différences hémodynamiques entre les patients ayant une TGV&CIV et les TGV&SI et présente les différences retrouvées en échocardiographie fœtale et en hémodynamie cérébrale périopératoire étudiée à l’aide de la NIRS avancée. Ensuite, nous présentons dans le chapitre 4 une discussion sur les principaux impacts cliniques et sur d’éventuelles améliorations. / This master’sthesis is composed of an article and a study. They present hemodynamic differences between patients with transposition of the great arteries (TGA) and ventricular septum defect (VSD), and TGA with intact ventricular septum (IVS) during fetal and perioperative periods. This document is divided into two principal sections. The first section includes Chapter 1 that presents a review of literature detailing important notions to understand the problematic, and Chapter 2, that describes the methodology used to answer our research question. First, we detailed acquisition data and measured parameters of the fetal echocardiography exams. Then, we describe advanced near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS-DCS) technology that allowed hemodynamic data acquisition on the cerebral microvascularization of neonates. The second section is composed of Chapter 3, the manuscript accepted in Ultrasound in Obstetric & Gynecology journal for publication. The aim of this article is to describe hemodynamic differences between patients with TGA&VSD and TGA&IVS. It describes fetal echocardiography and cerebral perioperative hemodynamic differences studied with advanced NIRS. Next, we present in Chapter 4 a more detailed discussion with principal impacts on the clinical field and future improvements.

To date, there has been little research into the role of microbial community structure in the functioning of the soil ecosystem and on the links between microbial biomass size, microbial activity and key soil processes that drive nutrient availability. The maintenance of structural and functional diversity of the soil microbial community is essential to ensure the sustainability of agricultural production systems. Soils of the same type with similar fertility that had been under long-term organic and conventional crop management in Canterbury, New Zealand, were selected to investigate relationships between microbial community composition, function and potential environmental impacts. The effects of different fertilisation strategies on soil biology and nitrogen (N) dynamics were investigated under field (farm site comparison), semi-controlled (lysimeter study) and controlled (incubation experiments) conditions by determining soil microbial biomass carbon (C) and N, enzyme activities (dehydrogenase, arginine deaminase, fluorescein diacetate hydrolysis), microbial community structure (denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis following PCR amplification of 16S and 18S rDNA fragments using selected primer sets) and N dynamics (mineralisation and leaching). The farm site comparison revealed distinct differences between the soils in microbial community structure, microbial biomass C (conventional>organic) and arginine deaminase activity (organic>conventional). In the lysimeter study, the soils were subjected to the same crop rotation (barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), maize (Zea mais L.), rape (Brassica napus L. ssp. oleifera (Moench)) plus a lupin green manure (Lupinus angustifolius L.) and two fertiliser regimes (following common organic and conventional practice). Soil biological properties, microbial community structure and mineral N leaching losses were determined over 2½ years. Differences in mineral leaching losses were not significant between treatments (total organic management: 24.2 kg N ha⁻¹; conventional management: 28.6 kg N ha⁻¹). Crop rotation and plant type had a larger influence on the microbial biomass, activity and community structure than fertilisation. Initial differences between soils decreased over time for most biological soil properties, while they persisted for the enzyme activities (e.g. dehydrogenase activity: 4.0 and 2.9 µg g⁻¹ h⁻¹ for organic and conventional management history, respectively). A lack of consistent positive links between enzyme activities and microbial biomass size indicated that similarly sized and structured microbial communities can express varying rates of activity. In two successive incubation experiments, the soils were amended with different rates of a lupin green manure (4 or 8t dry matter ha⁻¹), and different forms of N at 100 kg ha⁻¹ (urea and lupin) and incubated for 3 months. Samples were taken periodically, and in addition to soil biological properties and community structure, gross N mineralisation was determined. The form of N had a strong effect on microbial soil properties. Organic amendment resulted in a 2 to 5-fold increase in microbial biomass and enzyme activities, while microbial community structure was influenced by the addition or lack of C or N substrate. Correlation analyses suggested treatment-related differences in nutrient availability, microbial structural diversity (species richness or evenness) and physiological properties of the microbial community. The findings of this thesis showed that using green manures and crop rotations improved soil biology in both production systems, that no relationships existed between microbial structure, enzyme activities and N mineralisation, and that enzyme activities and microbial community structure are more closely associated with inherent soil and environmental factors, which makes them less useful as early indicators of changes in soil quality.

<p>The development of a novel charge inversion ion/ion reaction in conjunction with a mass spectrometry technique (collisional induced dissociation (CID)) to induce fragmentation of selected ions species in the gas-phase. The utility of this experiment allows identification of varying saturated and unsaturated classes of glycerophospholipids (GPLs) in a biological matrix. In this work, we are able to characterize GPLs species at the subclass, headgroup, fatty acyl sum compositional levels,  leaving the location(s) of carbon-carbon single bond (C-C), carbon-carbon double bond (C=C), cyclopropane moiety, branching site and differentiate isomeric species. </p> <p><br></p> <p>All data were collected on modified a Sciex QTRAP4000 hybrid triple quadrupole/linear ion trap mass spectrometer. Briefly, alternately, pulsed nano-electrospray ionization (nESI) was used for ion generation. Deprotonated lipid anions were generated via negative ion mode nESI, mass selected during transit through Q1, and transferred to q2 for storage. Next, the charge inversion (IIRXN) reagent doubly charged magnesium complex cations, were generated via positive ion mode nESI. To facilitate the ion/ion reaction, magnesium complex dictations and lipid anions were simultaneously stored in q2, resulting in the formation of charge-inverted lipid cations. Ion-trap CID of charge-inverted isomers resulted in distinctive fragmentation, facilitating differentiation of isomeric and localization of unsaturation sites in acyl chain constituents. </p>