none

Submitted by Neuza Corte de Oliveira (ncortedeoliveira@gmail.com) on 2017-08-09T20:28:29Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TESE_FINAL_ago.pdf: 2684580 bytes, checksum: 1169274f826d745ea3a7d8a50f1fe709 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Maria Tereza Fernandes Conselmo (maria.conselmo@fgv.br) on 2017-08-09T21:27:06Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 TESE_FINAL_ago.pdf: 2684580 bytes, checksum: 1169274f826d745ea3a7d8a50f1fe709 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-10T12:16:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TESE_FINAL_ago.pdf: 2684580 bytes, checksum: 1169274f826d745ea3a7d8a50f1fe709 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-07-12 / De modo geral, em países como o Brasil, em que há muita desigualdade na distribuição de renda, o arranjo constitucional federativo adota o princípio da responsabilidade pela provisão da maioria dos serviços públicos, em especial na área de políticas sociais, comum aos três níveis de governo. Nesse sentido, o desenho institucional das relações intergovernamentais entre os diferentes níveis de governo pode ser entendido como um conjunto de mecanismos e estratégias para induzir as esferas de governo a aderirem às políticas públicas nacionais. Assim, o presente trabalho procura analisar as formas de interação entre as três esferas governamentais no Brasil, olhando, particularmente, o Programa de Aquisição de Alimentos na modalidade compra com doação simultânea, modelo misto. A escolha desse objeto empírico justifica-se não só pela sua importância social no combate à extrema pobreza no país, mas sobretudo pelo fato de se constituir em política pública cuja implementação se faz pela atuação conjunta entre União, Estado e Município. Para atender o proposto no estudo, a estratégia metodológica adotada foi o estudo de caso único, que permite explicar as ligações causais em intervenções ou situações da vida real demasiadamente complexas para serem tratadas por meio de estratégias experimentais ou de comparações mais amplas de dados, que exigem aprofundamento de vários níveis de análise, adotando-se uma combinação de técnicas ou fontes de informação para validar os resultados, tais como leis, resoluções, decretos, relatórios, atas de reuniões, entrevistas e observação direta. A escolha do Estado do Paraná e o Município de Maringá como o lócus empírico da pesquisa foi feita por razões de ordem prática que facilitam a coleta de informações. Como conclusões, a investigação reforça argumentação da literatura de que a existência de um padrão de relacionamento interdependente na implementação de uma política pública é fundamental para seu sucesso. Entretanto, ressalta que os acordos entre as esferas de governo são essenciais para atingir o objetivo traçado no desenho da política. Desse modo, na Autoridade Independente de Wright (1988), existe entre os governos um relacionamento de total independência e autonomia, o que seria conseguido a partir da completa clarificação dos papéis de cada uma das esferas de governo. Portanto, o tipo de autoridade hierárquica, modelizado por Wright, exige que a implementação da política pública compartilhada, uma clara delimitação dos papéis de cada esfera de governo. Por outro lado, não é suficiente a delimitação dos papéis nas três esferas de governo; é necessário que os objetivos da política sejam claros para os implementadores e o que esperam deles. Essas questões vinculam-se à maior ou menor possibilidade de resistência ao plano. Somam-se a isso a previsão e a disponibilidade de recursos, financeiros, principalmente. Conclui-se que a hipótese que fundamenta a investigação, o ‘fracasso’ ou a impossibilidade de o Programa de Aquisição de Alimentos (PAA) concretizar uma relação intergovernamental – exigência tida como necessária para que ele atinja seus objetivos – deve-se à ausência de um padrão de relacionamento interdependente (ou de barganha) entre seus atores é comprovada pela pesquisa. / Generally speaking, in countries like Brazil, where there is a lot of inequality in income distribution, the constitutional arrangement of Federation adopts the principle of responsibility for the provision of most public services, particularly in the area of social policies, common to the three levels of Government. In this sense, the institutional design of intergovernmental relations between the different levels of Government can be understood as a set of mechanisms and strategies to induce the Government to adhere to national public policies. Thus, this paper seeks to analyse the forms of interaction between the three governmental spheres in Brazil looking particularly the food acquisition Program in purchase mode with simultaneous donation, mixed model. The choice of this empirical object is justified not only by your social importance in the fight against extreme poverty in the country, but above all by the fact become public policy whose implementation is done by the performance. To meet the proposed in the study, the methodological strategy adopted was the single case study, that allows to explain the causal links in speeches or real life situations too complex to be handled through experimental strategies or broader comparisons of data that require deepening of various levels of analysis, adopting a combination of techniques or information sources to validate the results , such as laws, decrees, resolutions, reports, minutes of meetings, interviews and direct observation. The choice of the State of Paraná and the municipality of Maringá as the locus of empirical research was made for practical reasons that facilitate the collection of information. As the research reinforces findings the literature of the existence of a pattern of interdependent relationship in the implementation of a public policy is key to your success. However, points out that the agreements between the spheres of Government are essential to achieve the goal outlined in the design of policy. Thus, the independent authority of Wright (1988), exists between Governments a total independence and autonomy relationship, which would be achieved from the complete clarification of the roles of each of the spheres of Government. Therefore, the type of hierarchical authority, modelizado by Wright, requires the implementation of shared public policy, a clear delineation of the roles of each sphere of Government. On the other hand, are not sufficient the delimitation of roles in the three spheres of Government, it is necessary to be clear policy objectives for implementers and what's expected of them. These issues are linked to a greater or lesser possibility of resistance to the plan. Add to that the forecast and availability of resources, especially financial. It is concluded that the hypothesis on which the investigation the ‘failure’ or the impossibility of the food acquisition Program (PAA) to intergovernmental relationship – demand taken as needed so that it reaches your goals – is due to the absence of an interdependent relationship pattern (or of bargaining) between his actors is proven by research.

In 1994 Ethiopia introduced a federal system of government as a national level approach to intra-state conflict management. Homogenisation of cultures and languages by the earlier regimes led to the emergence of ethno-national movements and civil wars that culminated in the collapse of the unitary state in 1991. For this reason, the federal system that recognises ethnic groups¿ rights is the first step in transforming the structural causes of civil wars in Ethiopia. Against this background this research examines whether the federal arrangement has created an enabling environment in managing conflicts in the country. To understand this problematic, the thesis conceptualises and analyses federalism and conflict management using a qualitative research design based on in-depth interviewing and content-based thematic analysis ¿ taking the case study of the Benishangul-Gumuz regional state. The findings of the study demonstrate that different factors hinder the federal process. First, the constitutional focus on ethnic groups¿ rights has led, in practice, to lessened attention to citizenship and minority rights protection in the regional states. Second, the federal process encourages ethnic-based elite groups to compete in controlling regional and local state powers and resources. This has greatly contributed to the emergence of ethnic-based violent conflicts, hostile intergovernmental relationships and lack of law and order along the common borders of the regional states. Third, the centralised policy and decision making process of the ruling party has hindered genuine democratic participation of citizens and self-determination of the ethnic groups. This undermines the capacity of the regional states and makes the federal structure vulnerable to the dynamics of political change. The conflicts in Benishangul-Gumuz emanate from these causes, but lack of territorial land use rights of the indigenous people and lack of proportional political representation of the non-indigenous people are the principal manifestations. The research concludes by identifying the issues that determine the sustainability of the federal structure. Some of them include: making constitutional amendments which consider citizenship rights and minority rights protection; enhancing the democratic participation of citizens by developing the capacities of the regional states and correcting the organisational weakness of the multi-national political parties; encouraging co-operative intergovernmental relationships, and maintaining the territorial land use rights of the Benishangul-Gumuz indigenous people. / Addis Ababa University

In 1994 Ethiopia introduced a federal system of government as a national level approach to intra-state conflict management. Homogenisation of cultures and languages by the earlier regimes led to the emergence of ethno-national movements and civil wars that culminated in the collapse of the unitary state in 1991. For this reason, the federal system that recognises ethnic groups' rights is the first step in transforming the structural causes of civil wars in Ethiopia. Against this background this research examines whether the federal arrangement has created an enabling environment in managing conflicts in the country. To understand this problematic, the thesis conceptualises and analyses federalism and conflict management using a qualitative research design based on in-depth interviewing and content-based thematic analysis - taking the case study of the Benishangul-Gumuz regional state. The findings of the study demonstrate that different factors hinder the federal process. First, the constitutional focus on ethnic groups' rights has led, in practice, to lessened attention to citizenship and minority rights protection in the regional states. Second, the federal process encourages ethnic-based elite groups to compete in controlling regional and local state powers and resources. This has greatly contributed to the emergence of ethnic-based violent conflicts, hostile intergovernmental relationships and lack of law and order along the common borders of the regional states. Third, the centralised policy and decision making process of the ruling party has hindered genuine democratic participation of citizens and self-determination of the ethnic groups. This undermines the capacity of the regional states and makes the federal structure vulnerable to the dynamics of political change. The conflicts in Benishangul-Gumuz emanate from these causes, but lack of territorial land use rights of the indigenous people and lack of proportional political representation of the non-indigenous people are the principal manifestations. The research concludes by identifying the issues that determine the sustainability of the federal structure. Some of them include: making constitutional amendments which consider citizenship rights and minority rights protection; enhancing the democratic participation of citizens by developing the capacities of the regional states and correcting the organisational weakness of the multi-national political parties; encouraging co-operative intergovernmental relationships, and maintaining the territorial land use rights of the Benishangul-Gumuz indigenous people.