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Etude de la dynamique de dégranulation des mastocytes et analyse de l'effet des éicosanoïdes dans la coopération entre mastocytes et lymphocytes T Helper / Study of mast cell degranulatory response dynamic and analysis of eicosanoid influence during mast cell and Helper cells cooperationJoulia, Régis 08 November 2016 (has links)
Les mastocytes sont des cellules immunitaires présentes dans tous les tissus de l'organisme. Ils ont été depuis longtemps associés aux réponses allergiques, mais ces cellules sont aussi des acteurs majeurs de la réponse inflammatoire. La dégranulation des mastocytes, ou exocytose des granules sécrétoires, est un mécanisme d'action important de ces cellules. Au laboratoire, nous avons mis au point une méthode innovante qui nous permet de suivre en temps réel la dynamique de cette dégranulation. Cette méthode repose sur l'utilisation de l'avidine couplé à un fluorochrome qui se lie spécifiquement à la matrice des granules. Nous avons recherché les modalités de la dégranulation lorsque les mastocytes sont activés par un ligand cellulaire comme des cellules cibles recouvertes d'anticorps. Nous avons pu mettre en évidence, de façon surprenante, que les mastocytes dégranulent de manière polarisée contre une cellule cible opsonisée avec des anticorps de type IgE ou IgG en mettant en place un nouveau mécanisme que nous avons nommé ADDS (Antibody Dependent Degranulatory Synapse). L'ADDS est caractérisée par une signalisation du récepteur RFc et une dépolymérisation du cytosquelette cortical d'actine locales. De plus, cette synapse peut aussi avoir lieu lorsque le mastocyte est au contact d'un parasite opsonisé comme Toxoplasma Gondii, et induit la mort du parasite et la libération de cytokines et chimiokines pro-inflammatoires. Nous avons ensuite analysé la dynamique de la dégranulation à l'échelle " single cell " et sa régulation par des facteurs inflammatoires. Grâce à une approche de " cell barcoding " et de cytométrie en flux en temps réel, nous avons pu mettre en évidence que la dégranulation induite par l'agrégation des RFc?I était contrôlée par deux mécanismes : un premier qui règle le nombre de mastocytes qui dégranulent et un second qui régule l'intensité de la dégranulation. L'interleukine 33 peut finement potentialiser ces deux mécanismes en augmentant le pourcentage de mastocytes qui dégranulent et l'intensité de la dégranulation. L'IL-33 induit ainsi l'émergence de cellules hautement inflammatoires. Dans un second axe de recherche, nous avons étudié quel pouvait être l'impact des prostaglandines dans le dialogue entre mastocytes et lymphocytes T CD4+ Helper (TH). Nos résultats indiquent un rôle insoupçonné de la prostaglandine D2 et la prostaglandine E2 comme des acteurs importants pour la production d'interleukine 17 par les LTH. En conclusion, mon travail de thèse nous a permis de révéler l'existence de la synapse dégranulatoire des mastocytes, de nouveaux mécanismes contrôlant la dégranulation et d'identifier les mastocytes comme une source importante de prostaglandines impliquées dans la polarisation des LTH. / Mast cells are tissue-resident immune cells particularly enriched in regions exposed to the external environment. They have been associated, for a long time, with allergic disorders but these cells are also major effectors of inflammatory response. The degranulation process, or granule exocytosis, is one of the main effector functions of mast cells and it has been implicated in various biological processes. In our laboratory, we have developed a new method to monitor live mast cell degranulatory response. This approach is based on fluorescent avidin that binds selectively mast cell granule matrix. Thanks to this method, we have investigated the degranulatory response following mast cell activation by cell bound antigens. We have shown that mast cells can undergo polarized degranulation toward IgE- or IgG-opsonized cells in a new mechanism we named ADDS (Antibody Dependent Degranulatory Synapse). The ADDS is characterized by a local signaling of FcR receptors and cortical actin depolymerisation. Moreover, this synapse takes place when mast cells are triggered by opsonized parasite Toxoplasma Gondii. It leads to the death of the parasite and the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. We next analyzed the mast cell degranulatory response dynamics at the single cell level and its regulation by alarmin IL-33. Using cutting-edge "cell barcoding" approach and live flow cytometry, we showed that Fc?RI mediated degranulatory response is controlled by two mechanisms: a first one that sets the frequency of degranulated mast cells and a second one that regulates the magnitude of the degranulation. The IL-33 fine tunes these two mechanisms by augmenting both the frequency of degranulated mast cells and the extent of individual mast cell degranulation. Our results indicate that interleukin 33 induces the emergence of high inflammatory mast cells. In a second axis of research, we analysed the influence of prostaglandins during the cooperation between mast cells and CD4+ T helper cells. Our results indicate that prostaglandin D2 and E2 produced by mast cells are important inducers of interleukin 17 by CD4+ T helper cells. Taken together, my thesis work revealed that mast cells can form degranulatory synapses, new mechanisms that control the degranulatory response and identified mast cells as a source of pro-IL-17 prostaglandins during their cooperation with CD4+ T helper cells.
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B cells with aberrant activation of Notch1 signaling promote Treg and Th2 cell-dominant T cell responses via IL-33 / Notch1シグナルが異常活性化したB細胞はIL-33を介して制御性T細胞および2型ヘルパーT細胞優位のT細胞免疫応答を促進するArima, Hiroshi 23 January 2019 (has links)
京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(医学) / 甲第21451号 / 医博第4418号 / 新制||医||1032(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院医学研究科医学専攻 / (主査)教授 生田 宏一, 教授 椛島 健治, 教授 河本 宏 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Medical Science / Kyoto University / DFAM
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Contribuição da interleucina 33 nas alterações vasculares mediadas pelo tecido adiposo perivascular em camundongos submetidos à dieta hiperlipídica / Interleukin 33 contributes to vascular functional changes mediated by the perivascular adipose tissue in mice submitted to high-fat dietCosta, Rafael Menezes da 26 January 2018 (has links)
A obesidade desencadeia mudanças funcionais no tecido adiposo perivascular (PVAT), favorecendo a liberação de fatores vasoconstritores e consequente ativação de mecanismos contráteis em células vasculares. A sinalização da interleucina 33 (IL-33) via receptor ST2 é essencial para o desenvolvimento e manutenção de células T reguladoras (Tregs) no tecido adiposo visceral. Na obesidade a função das Tregs é comprometida, resultando em estresse oxidativo e inflamação do tecido adiposo. No presente estudo testamos a hipótese que dieta rica em gordura diminui os níveis e a função da IL-33 no PVAT, levando à diminuição do número e função de Tregs, estresse oxidativo e inflamação neste tecido. Camundongos deficientes para o receptor ST2 (ST2 KO) e seus respectivos controles (Balb/C) receberam dieta controle ou hiperlipídica (HFD, high fat diet) durante 18 semanas. A função vascular foi avaliada em anéis de artérias mesentéricas, em presença ou ausência de PVAT, realizando-se curvas concentração-efeito para fenilefrina. Os seguintes grupos experimentais foram analisados: Controle PVAT (-), Controle PVAT (+), HFD PVAT (-) e HFD PVAT (+). Em artérias de camundongos Balb/C que receberam dieta controle, o PVAT diminuiu a resposta contrátil a fenilefrina. No entanto, HFD promoveu perda parcial do efeito anticontrátil promovido por este tecido. Em camundongos ST2 KO que receberam dieta controle, o PVAT diminuiu a resposta contrátil a fenilefrina. No entanto, a ausência de receptores ST2 em camundongos que receberam HFD levou à perda completa do efeito anticontrátil do PVAT. Houve diminuição do número de Tregs e aumento do número de neutrófilos no PVAT de camundongos alimentados com HFD. A incubação com IL-33 recombinante não reverteu a perda do efeito anticontrátil do PVAT promovido pela HFD. Aumento nos níveis séricos e teciduais de IL-6, bem como redução nos níveis de IL-10, foram observados em animais ST2 KO. Houve aumento nos níveis de ânion superóxido no PVAT de camundongos Balb/C alimentados com HFD e a ausência do receptor ST2 potencializou este efeito. Estes dados, analisados em conjunto, indicam que HFD compromete o papel modulador do PVAT e que IL-33 via receptor ST2 tem fundamental importância para a função do PVAT nesta condição experimental. / Obesity triggers functional changes in the perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT), favoring the release of vasoconstrictor factors. Interleukin-33 (IL-33) signaling, via ST2 receptor, is essential for the development and maintenance of regulatory T cells (Tregs) in the visceral adipose tissue. In obesity, Tregs function is compromised, resulting in adipose tissue inflammation. We hypothesized that high fat diet (HFD) decreases the number and function of Tregs and increases inflammation in the PVAT. Mice deficient for the ST2 receptor (ST2 KO) and their respective controls (Balb/C mice) were fed a control diet or a HFD for 18 weeks. Vascular function was evaluated in mesenteric resistance arteries, by performing concentration-effect curves to phenylephrine (PE). In Balb/C mice fed the control diet, PVAT decreased vascular PE contractions. However, a partial loss of PVAT anticontractile effect occurred in arteries from HFD-fed Balb/C mice. In arteries from ST2 KO mice fed the control diet, PVAT decreased PE contractions. However, a complete loss of PVAT anticontractile effects was observed in HFD-fed ST2 KO mice. There was a decrease in the number of Tregs and an increase in the number of neutrophils in the PVAT of mice fed the HFD. The absence of the IL-33 receptor increased IL-6 and reduced IL-10 in HFD-fed mice. There was an increase in superoxide anion levels in the PVAT of Balb/C mice fed HFD and the absence of the ST2 receptor potentiated this effect. These data show that HFD promotes PVAT dysfunction and IL-33 is fundamental to counteract HFD-induced PVAT dysfunction.
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Contribuição da interleucina 33 nas alterações vasculares mediadas pelo tecido adiposo perivascular em camundongos submetidos à dieta hiperlipídica / Interleukin 33 contributes to vascular functional changes mediated by the perivascular adipose tissue in mice submitted to high-fat dietRafael Menezes da Costa 26 January 2018 (has links)
A obesidade desencadeia mudanças funcionais no tecido adiposo perivascular (PVAT), favorecendo a liberação de fatores vasoconstritores e consequente ativação de mecanismos contráteis em células vasculares. A sinalização da interleucina 33 (IL-33) via receptor ST2 é essencial para o desenvolvimento e manutenção de células T reguladoras (Tregs) no tecido adiposo visceral. Na obesidade a função das Tregs é comprometida, resultando em estresse oxidativo e inflamação do tecido adiposo. No presente estudo testamos a hipótese que dieta rica em gordura diminui os níveis e a função da IL-33 no PVAT, levando à diminuição do número e função de Tregs, estresse oxidativo e inflamação neste tecido. Camundongos deficientes para o receptor ST2 (ST2 KO) e seus respectivos controles (Balb/C) receberam dieta controle ou hiperlipídica (HFD, high fat diet) durante 18 semanas. A função vascular foi avaliada em anéis de artérias mesentéricas, em presença ou ausência de PVAT, realizando-se curvas concentração-efeito para fenilefrina. Os seguintes grupos experimentais foram analisados: Controle PVAT (-), Controle PVAT (+), HFD PVAT (-) e HFD PVAT (+). Em artérias de camundongos Balb/C que receberam dieta controle, o PVAT diminuiu a resposta contrátil a fenilefrina. No entanto, HFD promoveu perda parcial do efeito anticontrátil promovido por este tecido. Em camundongos ST2 KO que receberam dieta controle, o PVAT diminuiu a resposta contrátil a fenilefrina. No entanto, a ausência de receptores ST2 em camundongos que receberam HFD levou à perda completa do efeito anticontrátil do PVAT. Houve diminuição do número de Tregs e aumento do número de neutrófilos no PVAT de camundongos alimentados com HFD. A incubação com IL-33 recombinante não reverteu a perda do efeito anticontrátil do PVAT promovido pela HFD. Aumento nos níveis séricos e teciduais de IL-6, bem como redução nos níveis de IL-10, foram observados em animais ST2 KO. Houve aumento nos níveis de ânion superóxido no PVAT de camundongos Balb/C alimentados com HFD e a ausência do receptor ST2 potencializou este efeito. Estes dados, analisados em conjunto, indicam que HFD compromete o papel modulador do PVAT e que IL-33 via receptor ST2 tem fundamental importância para a função do PVAT nesta condição experimental. / Obesity triggers functional changes in the perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT), favoring the release of vasoconstrictor factors. Interleukin-33 (IL-33) signaling, via ST2 receptor, is essential for the development and maintenance of regulatory T cells (Tregs) in the visceral adipose tissue. In obesity, Tregs function is compromised, resulting in adipose tissue inflammation. We hypothesized that high fat diet (HFD) decreases the number and function of Tregs and increases inflammation in the PVAT. Mice deficient for the ST2 receptor (ST2 KO) and their respective controls (Balb/C mice) were fed a control diet or a HFD for 18 weeks. Vascular function was evaluated in mesenteric resistance arteries, by performing concentration-effect curves to phenylephrine (PE). In Balb/C mice fed the control diet, PVAT decreased vascular PE contractions. However, a partial loss of PVAT anticontractile effect occurred in arteries from HFD-fed Balb/C mice. In arteries from ST2 KO mice fed the control diet, PVAT decreased PE contractions. However, a complete loss of PVAT anticontractile effects was observed in HFD-fed ST2 KO mice. There was a decrease in the number of Tregs and an increase in the number of neutrophils in the PVAT of mice fed the HFD. The absence of the IL-33 receptor increased IL-6 and reduced IL-10 in HFD-fed mice. There was an increase in superoxide anion levels in the PVAT of Balb/C mice fed HFD and the absence of the ST2 receptor potentiated this effect. These data show that HFD promotes PVAT dysfunction and IL-33 is fundamental to counteract HFD-induced PVAT dysfunction.
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