Thesis (M. Ed.)--University of Hong Kong, 1984. / Includes bibliographical references (leaf 60-65).

Thesis (M.Ed.)--University of Hong Kong, 1984. / Includes bibliographical references (leaf 60-65). Also available in print.

In the last two years, CS as a school subject has gained a lot of attention worldwide, although different countries have differing approaches to and experiences of introducing CS in schools. This paper reports on a study comparing current trends in CS at school, with a major focus on two countries, Germany and UK. A survey was carried out of a number of teaching professionals and experts from the UK and Germany with regard to the content and delivery of CS in school. An analysis of the quantitative data reveals a difference in foci in the two countries; putting this into the context of curricular developments we are able to offer interpretations of these trends and suggest ways in which curricula in CS at school should be moving forward.

Företags ansvar i samhället - Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) - har varit föremål för diskussion sedan 1900-talets början. Företags samhällsansvar har sedan dess kommit att bli ett välkänt begrepp bland företagare världen över. Skillnader i ekonomiska, politiska, sociala och kulturella system påverkar däremot i vilken utsträckning företagen kommunicerar samhällsansvar i olika länder. Syftet med uppsatsen är att undersöka i vilken utsträckning företag kommunicerar CSR i den externa rapporteringen i Brasilien, Frankrike, Indien, Spanien och Sverige. Studien undersöker i vilken utsträckning de fem största företagen i undersökningsländerna kommunicerar CSR i sina årsredovisningar och hållbarhetsrapporter. Metoden som används är textanalys där förekomsten av tretton begrepp relaterade till CSR räknas. Undersökningen analyseras utifrån Freemans (1984) intressentmodell och Carrolls (1991) pyramid för företags samhällsansvar samt sekundärdata som beskriver de undersökta länderna. Studiens resultat visade att alla undersökta företag hade någon typ av kommunikation kring samhällsansvar men i olika utsträckning. Sverige var ledande i sin kommunikation kring CSR. Förvånande var att de brasilianska företagen hade näst flest träffar och var mer aktiv i sin kommunikation än de båda västerländska länderna Frankrike och Spanien. Även om Indien kommunicerade minst var resultatet ändå högre än vad man kan förvänta av ett land i tidigt skede av ekonomisk utveckling. De nationella skillnaderna klassificeras efter Carrolls olika typer av ansvar. Att skillnaderna länder emellan dock var relativt små förklaras sedan utifrån Freemans intressentmodell. Till följd av en ökad globalisering påverkas företag av intressenter från världen över, vilket slätar ut nationella variationer i företags samhällsansvar. Det leder till att det etiska ansvaret i Carrolls moralpyramid alltmer utformas av globala intressenter snarare än nationella. / Corporate social responsibility (CSR) has been a topic for discussion since the early 20th century. CSR has since become a familiar concept among entrepreneurs worldwide. Differences in economic, political, social and cultural system affect to which extent businesses are communicating social responsibility in different countries. The purpose of this thesis is to examine the extent to which companies communicate CSR in the external reporting in Brazil, France, India, Spain and Sweden. The study examines to what degree the five largest companies in the studied countries communicate CSR in their annual and sustainability reports. The method used is text analysis where the presence of thirteen concepts related to CSR are counted. Freeman's (1984) stakeholder model and Carroll’s (1991) pyramid of CSR are used for analysis. Secondary data is used to describe the countries surveyed. The results demonstrated that all the companies surveyed had some type of communication about social responsibility but to different extents. Sweden was the leader in its communication on CSR. Surprising was that the Brazilian companies had the second highest number of hits and was more active in their communication than the two Western countries, France and Spain. Although India communicated to a lower extent, the result was still higher than what one would expect of a country in the earlier stages of economic development. The main differences among the countries where classified according to Carroll's various responsibilities. That the differences between the countries were relatively small is explained on the basis of Freeman's stakeholder model. As a result of increased globalisation, companies are influenced of stakeholders from around the world, which smoothes out national variations in CSR. This leads to that global rather than national stakeholders increasingly shape the ethical responsibility of Carroll’s model.

Internationalisation is high on the agenda of Higher Education in the UK, with the promotion of the students’ intercultural capabilities seen as key for their future careers and lives as global citizens. Within this agenda international study visits are considered beneficial for student teachers, giving those with limited exposure to cultural diversity an opportunity to learn first-hand about education in other countries. Taking a postmodern approach and using Facet Methodology, the research investigated the extent to which the pattern of study visits in a School of Education in a University in the South West of England was conducive to promoting the intercultural capabilities of the participants. Drawing on perspectives from Bourdieu and postcolonial theory, analysis of the University policies on Internationalisation and Teaching and Learning revealed a variety of positions towards international study visits and interviews with Associate Deans of a Faculty explored how far these were being manifested for the different professional disciplines of Education, Health and Social Care. The perspectives, views and attitudes of the student and tutor participants on a range of study visits were then captured through focus groups, interviews and writing frames. The study found that neither the students nor the tutors showed an awareness of the nature and importance of intercultural capabilities and therefore the approaches to study visits were patchy in developing them. It suggests that though such visits can be beneficial in promoting such capabilities in the participants, they will only do so consistently if there is in place a transformational pedagogy, informed by postcolonial theory, and implemented by knowledgeable tutors. This approach would include a planned programme of pre-trip, in-trip and post-trip activities encouraging reflection upon experiences, whether positive or disturbing, based upon an explicit contract with students to engage in intercultural learning as a central aspect of the visit.

No description available.

Doctor Pharmaceuticae - DPharm / Underdiagnosis and undertreatment of asthma in children are barriers to optimal health care delivery and health, incurring substantial costs to both the families and health services. A tailored multifaceted educational outreach intervention ("academic detailing") was designed and implemented among private sector general practitioners (GPs) serving a poor working class urban community in Cape Town, South Africa. The intervention aimed to improve primary care childhood asthma by promoting the adoption of guideline-based key messages. The effectiveness of the intervention was tested in a randomised controlled trial, Chestiness and Asthma in Mitchell's Plain (CHAMP) (Zwarenstein 1999). This thesis describes the design, implementation and qualitative evaluation of the outreach intervention. Methods Qualitative interviews and quantitative sample surveys were conducted among GPs to identify and measure the prevalence of perceived barriers to optimal asthma care in children. A trained pharmacist visited GPs twice, promoting eight evidence-based primary care messages to overcome barriers to optimal care for asthma in children. The messages focused on key diagnostic indicators, a treatment algorithm based on severity, cost of drug therapies, inhaler and spacer use, and preventive treatment. These messages were formatted into attractive promotional material. The first visit promoted use of the messages, the second reinforced adoption in routine practice and assessed GPs' responses using unobtrusive qualitative data collection methods. The dialogue was tailored to each GP's needs. Results Thirty-two GPs received the intervention. All but one consented to both visits. At the first visit responses were varied. A few GPs were confused or suspicious; most were in agreement with the messages but seemed passive towards implementation; a few were keen to adopt the messages into their routine practice. Response at first visit was not predictive of use as assessed at the second. At the second visit, most GPs claimed that they personally agreed with and used the messages, with a large minority less enthusiastic. Conclusion The intervention appears to have been broadly accepted as evident from GPs' acceptance of the outreach pharmacist, but reports of complete adoption of the messages and use of the kit were less prevalent. This finding is consistent with and helps to explain the improved health outcomes of children with asthma in the CHAMP trial. The combination of qualitative and quantitative research methods was effective in identifying and assessing GPs' barriers. Further, the combination helped to confirm the determinants for the intervention. Unobtrusive qualitative methods provided valuable insight into GP behaviour in routine setting. Additional studies conducted in public sector pnmary care settings and for other diseases are needed to confirm the wider acceptability and effectiveness of multifaceted outreach interventions aimed at improving professional practice. Such an intervention in our study setting seemed successful for childhood asthma.