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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

T cell and macrophage differentiation markers in the normal and inflamed human intestine

Harvey, Joanna E. January 1989 (has links)
No description available.
2

Efeitos da suplementação de levedura autolisada de Saccharomyces cerevisiae sobre o desempenho e a imunidade intestinal de frangos de corte / Effects of an autolyzed yeast from Saccharomyces cerevisiae supplementation on broiler performance and intestinal immunity

Barbosa, José Guilherme Morschel 20 January 2017 (has links)
O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar os efeitos da suplementação de levedura autolisada de Saccharomyces cerevisiae fornecida em duas diferentes inclusões em dietas para frangos de corte como alternativa a um antimicrobiano sobre desempenho zootécnico e avaliação do sistema imune intestinal pela realização da enumeração bacteriana, citometria de fluxo e expressão intestinal de genes ligados à resposta imune intestinal. Neste estudo foram utilizados 1260 pintos de corte machos de um dia de idade da linhagem ROSS AP95&reg; em um experimento de 1 a 35 dias de idade alojados em galpão climatizado com cama de casa de arroz nova. O experimento foi realizado em delineamento inteiramente aleatorizado, com 4 tratamentos e 7 repetições, com 45 aves por boxe. Os tratamentos utilizados foram: T1: ração basal e sem aditivo - controle negativo; T2: ração basal suplementada com 55 ppm de bacitracina de zinco - controle positivo; T3: controle negativo + 2 kg/t de levedura autolisada; T4: controle negativo + 4 kg/t de levedura autolisada. As dietas foram à base de milho e farelo de soja, sendo adicionados às rações 5% de farelo de trigo e 5% de farinha de penas e vísceras (sem tratamento prévio) com objetivo de impor um desafio nutricional aos animais. Ainda visando estimular imunologicamente os animais, aos 7 dias de idade, todas as aves foram desafiadas via ocular com uma vacina viva contendo oocistos de Eimeria sp. na dose recomendada pelo fabricante. Aos 8 dias de idade e 21 dias de idade, uma ave de cada unidade experimental, sem jejum prévio, teve sangue coletado e foi sacrificada para coleta de conteúdo intestinal ileal e cecal para realização da emumeração bacteriana de Enterococus sp., Escherichia coli e Lactobacillus sp., e para a coleta do segmento ileal para avaliar a expressão gênica intestinal de Claudin-1, IL-1&beta;, IL-4, TLR4 e MUC-2 através da PCR em tempo real. Em relação ao desempenho das aves, o tratamento T3 propiciou melhor conversão alimentar em relação a T1 até os 21 dias de idade. Para o período cumulativo, o tratamento T4 propiciou conversão alimentar semelhante ao T2, sendo esta variável melhor para estes tratamentos em relação ao controle negativo. Na enumeração de bactérias no íleo, aos 8 dias de idade, os tratamentos T3 e T4 modularam de forma distinta a contagem de Enterococus sp., e para o gênero Lactobacillus sp., ambos os grupos de levedura apresentaram menor contagem em contraste com o controle positivo. No conteúdo do ceco foi encontrado um menor número de E. coli para os animais grupo T3, diferentemente para o T2 que propiciou maior contagem. Aos 21 dias de idade, foi encontrado diferença na enumeração do gênero Enterococus sp. ileal, cuja contagem foi menor para o T2 em relação ao T1. Na na análise de citometria de fluxo, tendências foram observadas aos 8 dias de idade para o percentual de linfócitos T auxiliares (P=0,16) e para o percentual de linfócitos B (P=0,12) havendo redução com a suplementação de levedura autolisada. A mesma tendência (P=0,19) foi observada aos 21 dias de idade para a contagem de células T citóxicos. Sobre a PCR em tempo real, não foram detectadas diferenças para a expressão de Claudin-1. T2 e T4 propiciaram aumento da expressão gênica de IL-1&beta; aos 21 dias de idade em relação ao controle negativo, sendo que T2 também promoveu aumento de TLR-4 aos 8 dias de idade. Tendências foram observadas com a maior expressão de IL-4 (P=0,06) aos 21 dias de idade pelo T2 e aumento na expressão de MUC-2 (P=0,09) pelo T4 aos 8 dias de idade. Os diferentes padrões de ativação ou não de citocinas revela uma estimulação da via Th2 pelo controle positivo (aumento de IL-1&beta; e IL-4) e da via Th17 pelo tratamento suplementado com 4 kg/t de levedura autolisada (aumento de IL-1&beta;). / The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae autolyzed yeast supplementation in substitution of AGP in broiler diets on performance and immune system (on two different feed inclusions for broilers diets in replacing AGP on broiler performance and evaluation of immune system trough bacterial enumeration, flux citometry and intestinal gene expression. For that, 1260 one-day-old male Ross AP95 chicks were raised from 1 to 35 days of age in a poultry house with new rice husk as litter. The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design with 4 treatments and 7 replications, with 45 birds per pen. The treatments were: T1: basal diet and no additive - negative control; T2: basal diet supplemented with 55 ppm of zinc bacitracin - positive control; T3: negative control + 2 kg/t of autolyzed yeast; T4: negative control + 4 kg/t of autolyzed yeast. The corn-soybean meal based diets contained 5% wheat bran and 5% poultry by-product meal (with no previous treatment) in order to impose a nutritional challenge to the animals. To impose a further immunological challenge, at 7 days of age, all the birds were eye drop-vaccinated with live vaccine containing Eimeira sp. oocysts at the manufacturer recommended dosis. At 8 and 21 days of age, one chick per experimental unit, with no fasting, had the blood collected and was sacrificed for sampling the ileal and cecal intestinal contents for enumeration of Enterococus sp., Escherichia coli and Lactobacillus sp. Also, the ileal segment was sampled for intestinal gene expression of Claudin-1, IL-1&beta;, IL-4, TLR4 e MUC-2 by RNA extraction through real time PCR. For the performance results at 21 days of age, T3 had the same feed conversion rate of T1. For the cumulative grow-out, T4 had the same feed conversion rate as T2, being this variable better for the aforementioned tretaments in comparison to negative control. For ileal bacterial enumeration, at 8 days of age, T3 and T4 modulated distinctly the enumeration of Enterococus sp., and reduced the counts of Lactobacillus sp. in comparison to the positive control. In the cecal contents, the enumeration for E. coli was the lowest for T3, differing from the positive control. At 21 days of age, there was a difference in ileal Enterococus sp., with higher counts for T2 relative to T1. In the flux citometry, tendencies were observed at 8 days of age for T helper cells (P=0,16) and for B cells (P=0,12), which were reduced in the autolyzed yeast treatments. The same tendency (p=0.19) was seen at 21 days of age for T activated cytotoxic cells. For the real time PCR, there was no difference in the expression of Claudin-1 (P<0,05). T2 and T4 promoted upregulation of IL-1&beta; at 21 days of age (P<0,05) in comparison to the negative control; additionally, the antibiotic tretatment also upregulated the expression of TLR-4 at 8 days of age (P<0,05). Tendencies were observed as upregulation of IL-4 (P=0,06) at 21 days of age by positive control and upregulation of MUC-2 (P=0,09) by the treatment with 4 kg/t of autolyzed yeast at 8 days of age. The different profiles in activating or not cytokines reveals a stimulation of Th2 pathway for the positive control (upregulation of IL-1&beta; and IL-4) and Th17 pathway for the treatment supplemented with 4 kg/t of autolyzed yeast (upregulation of IL-1&beta;).
3

Efeitos da suplementação de levedura autolisada de Saccharomyces cerevisiae sobre o desempenho e a imunidade intestinal de frangos de corte / Effects of an autolyzed yeast from Saccharomyces cerevisiae supplementation on broiler performance and intestinal immunity

José Guilherme Morschel Barbosa 20 January 2017 (has links)
O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar os efeitos da suplementação de levedura autolisada de Saccharomyces cerevisiae fornecida em duas diferentes inclusões em dietas para frangos de corte como alternativa a um antimicrobiano sobre desempenho zootécnico e avaliação do sistema imune intestinal pela realização da enumeração bacteriana, citometria de fluxo e expressão intestinal de genes ligados à resposta imune intestinal. Neste estudo foram utilizados 1260 pintos de corte machos de um dia de idade da linhagem ROSS AP95&reg; em um experimento de 1 a 35 dias de idade alojados em galpão climatizado com cama de casa de arroz nova. O experimento foi realizado em delineamento inteiramente aleatorizado, com 4 tratamentos e 7 repetições, com 45 aves por boxe. Os tratamentos utilizados foram: T1: ração basal e sem aditivo - controle negativo; T2: ração basal suplementada com 55 ppm de bacitracina de zinco - controle positivo; T3: controle negativo + 2 kg/t de levedura autolisada; T4: controle negativo + 4 kg/t de levedura autolisada. As dietas foram à base de milho e farelo de soja, sendo adicionados às rações 5% de farelo de trigo e 5% de farinha de penas e vísceras (sem tratamento prévio) com objetivo de impor um desafio nutricional aos animais. Ainda visando estimular imunologicamente os animais, aos 7 dias de idade, todas as aves foram desafiadas via ocular com uma vacina viva contendo oocistos de Eimeria sp. na dose recomendada pelo fabricante. Aos 8 dias de idade e 21 dias de idade, uma ave de cada unidade experimental, sem jejum prévio, teve sangue coletado e foi sacrificada para coleta de conteúdo intestinal ileal e cecal para realização da emumeração bacteriana de Enterococus sp., Escherichia coli e Lactobacillus sp., e para a coleta do segmento ileal para avaliar a expressão gênica intestinal de Claudin-1, IL-1&beta;, IL-4, TLR4 e MUC-2 através da PCR em tempo real. Em relação ao desempenho das aves, o tratamento T3 propiciou melhor conversão alimentar em relação a T1 até os 21 dias de idade. Para o período cumulativo, o tratamento T4 propiciou conversão alimentar semelhante ao T2, sendo esta variável melhor para estes tratamentos em relação ao controle negativo. Na enumeração de bactérias no íleo, aos 8 dias de idade, os tratamentos T3 e T4 modularam de forma distinta a contagem de Enterococus sp., e para o gênero Lactobacillus sp., ambos os grupos de levedura apresentaram menor contagem em contraste com o controle positivo. No conteúdo do ceco foi encontrado um menor número de E. coli para os animais grupo T3, diferentemente para o T2 que propiciou maior contagem. Aos 21 dias de idade, foi encontrado diferença na enumeração do gênero Enterococus sp. ileal, cuja contagem foi menor para o T2 em relação ao T1. Na na análise de citometria de fluxo, tendências foram observadas aos 8 dias de idade para o percentual de linfócitos T auxiliares (P=0,16) e para o percentual de linfócitos B (P=0,12) havendo redução com a suplementação de levedura autolisada. A mesma tendência (P=0,19) foi observada aos 21 dias de idade para a contagem de células T citóxicos. Sobre a PCR em tempo real, não foram detectadas diferenças para a expressão de Claudin-1. T2 e T4 propiciaram aumento da expressão gênica de IL-1&beta; aos 21 dias de idade em relação ao controle negativo, sendo que T2 também promoveu aumento de TLR-4 aos 8 dias de idade. Tendências foram observadas com a maior expressão de IL-4 (P=0,06) aos 21 dias de idade pelo T2 e aumento na expressão de MUC-2 (P=0,09) pelo T4 aos 8 dias de idade. Os diferentes padrões de ativação ou não de citocinas revela uma estimulação da via Th2 pelo controle positivo (aumento de IL-1&beta; e IL-4) e da via Th17 pelo tratamento suplementado com 4 kg/t de levedura autolisada (aumento de IL-1&beta;). / The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae autolyzed yeast supplementation in substitution of AGP in broiler diets on performance and immune system (on two different feed inclusions for broilers diets in replacing AGP on broiler performance and evaluation of immune system trough bacterial enumeration, flux citometry and intestinal gene expression. For that, 1260 one-day-old male Ross AP95 chicks were raised from 1 to 35 days of age in a poultry house with new rice husk as litter. The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design with 4 treatments and 7 replications, with 45 birds per pen. The treatments were: T1: basal diet and no additive - negative control; T2: basal diet supplemented with 55 ppm of zinc bacitracin - positive control; T3: negative control + 2 kg/t of autolyzed yeast; T4: negative control + 4 kg/t of autolyzed yeast. The corn-soybean meal based diets contained 5% wheat bran and 5% poultry by-product meal (with no previous treatment) in order to impose a nutritional challenge to the animals. To impose a further immunological challenge, at 7 days of age, all the birds were eye drop-vaccinated with live vaccine containing Eimeira sp. oocysts at the manufacturer recommended dosis. At 8 and 21 days of age, one chick per experimental unit, with no fasting, had the blood collected and was sacrificed for sampling the ileal and cecal intestinal contents for enumeration of Enterococus sp., Escherichia coli and Lactobacillus sp. Also, the ileal segment was sampled for intestinal gene expression of Claudin-1, IL-1&beta;, IL-4, TLR4 e MUC-2 by RNA extraction through real time PCR. For the performance results at 21 days of age, T3 had the same feed conversion rate of T1. For the cumulative grow-out, T4 had the same feed conversion rate as T2, being this variable better for the aforementioned tretaments in comparison to negative control. For ileal bacterial enumeration, at 8 days of age, T3 and T4 modulated distinctly the enumeration of Enterococus sp., and reduced the counts of Lactobacillus sp. in comparison to the positive control. In the cecal contents, the enumeration for E. coli was the lowest for T3, differing from the positive control. At 21 days of age, there was a difference in ileal Enterococus sp., with higher counts for T2 relative to T1. In the flux citometry, tendencies were observed at 8 days of age for T helper cells (P=0,16) and for B cells (P=0,12), which were reduced in the autolyzed yeast treatments. The same tendency (p=0.19) was seen at 21 days of age for T activated cytotoxic cells. For the real time PCR, there was no difference in the expression of Claudin-1 (P<0,05). T2 and T4 promoted upregulation of IL-1&beta; at 21 days of age (P<0,05) in comparison to the negative control; additionally, the antibiotic tretatment also upregulated the expression of TLR-4 at 8 days of age (P<0,05). Tendencies were observed as upregulation of IL-4 (P=0,06) at 21 days of age by positive control and upregulation of MUC-2 (P=0,09) by the treatment with 4 kg/t of autolyzed yeast at 8 days of age. The different profiles in activating or not cytokines reveals a stimulation of Th2 pathway for the positive control (upregulation of IL-1&beta; and IL-4) and Th17 pathway for the treatment supplemented with 4 kg/t of autolyzed yeast (upregulation of IL-1&beta;).
4

"Toxoplasma gondii vs radiação ionizante: Estudo da imunidade intestinal em camundongos C57Bl/6j experimentalmente vacinados com taquizoítos irradiados" / Toxoplasma gondii vs ionizing radiation: Intestinal immunity induced in C57bl/6j mice by irradiated tachyzoites

Galisteo Junior, Andrés Jimenez 20 April 2004 (has links)
Em nosso estudo pretendemos estudar a via oral para o desenvolvimento de vacina para toxoplasmose utilizando parasitas irradiados por Cobalto-60, como uma alternativa para a prevenção desta importane parasitose. Para tanto, avaliamos o desenvolvimento da imunidade sistêmica e intestinal e a resistência à infecção, em camundongos imunizados por esta via com taquizoítos irradiados a 255Gy, e desafiados com cistos da cepa ME-49. Camundongos isogênicos C57Bl/6j foram imunizados com 107 taquizoitos de T. gondii irradiados a 255Gy em diferentes esquemas e utilizando adjuvantes leite (anti-péptico) e hidróxido de alumínio (anti-ácido). As preparações de taquizoítos irradiados por via oral induziram produção de imunoglobulinas IgG e IgA no soro de camundongos, sendo predominante a subclasse de IgG2a, similar a infecção crônica, determinadas por ELISA. Seu uso com adjuvantes anti-pépticos ou anti-ácidos induziu produção de IgA fecal e menos significativamente de IgG fecal. Existem indícios de indução de tolerância em nível intestinal, com queda da produção de anticorpos e da proliferação celular antígeno dirigida, especialmente quando o leite foi utilizado como adjuvante, em ensaios de produção in vitro de anticorpos ou proliferação estimulada por antígenos de T.gondii, por esplenócitos e linfócitos intestinais. As preparações orais induziram proteção quantitativa ao desafio dos animais imunizados por cepa cistogênica, que foi semelhante a imunização parenteral, quando o hidróxido de alumínio foi usado como adjuvante. Todos estes dados mostram a possibilidade de desenvolvimento de uma vacina oral para toxoplasmose utilizando taquizoítos irradiados, com aplicação prática num futuro próximo para uso em campo, utilizando iscas atrativas para imunizar felinos domésticos e selvagens. / We study the oral route for the development of a vaccine for toxoplasmosis, using parasites irradiated with 60 Cobalt, as an alternative for vaccine development to this worldwide parasitic infection. We evaluated the development of immunity at serum or mucosal levels, and their efficiency in protect the mice against challenge with oral cysts of the ME-49 strain. C57Bl/6j isogenic mice were immunized by oral route with 107 255 Gy irradiated tachyzoites from RH strain, at several protocols using milk as anti-peptic adjuvant and alum hydroxide as antacid. The preparations of irradiated tachyzoites induced production of serum IgG and IgA in immunized mice, as determined by ELISA, with IgG2a as the dominant subclass, similar to chronic infection. Their use with adjuvant allowed the excretion of significant amounts of IgA in stools also IgG, despite a lesser extent. There are suggestion of tolerance induction at mucosal level, with lower antigen induced proliferation and lower in vitro antibody production by spleen and gut lymphocytes, with the latter doses, specially when milk was used as adjuvant. All oral preparations induced some quantitative protection against challenge, which was similar to the parenteral route only isolated alum hydroxide was used as adjuvant. All these data support the possibility of the development of an oral vaccine against toxoplasmosis, using irradiated tachyzoites, which would be possible tool in near future for use in field baits, for immunizing either domestic or wild felids.
5

"Toxoplasma gondii vs radiação ionizante: Estudo da imunidade intestinal em camundongos C57Bl/6j experimentalmente vacinados com taquizoítos irradiados" / Toxoplasma gondii vs ionizing radiation: Intestinal immunity induced in C57bl/6j mice by irradiated tachyzoites

Andrés Jimenez Galisteo Junior 20 April 2004 (has links)
Em nosso estudo pretendemos estudar a via oral para o desenvolvimento de vacina para toxoplasmose utilizando parasitas irradiados por Cobalto-60, como uma alternativa para a prevenção desta importane parasitose. Para tanto, avaliamos o desenvolvimento da imunidade sistêmica e intestinal e a resistência à infecção, em camundongos imunizados por esta via com taquizoítos irradiados a 255Gy, e desafiados com cistos da cepa ME-49. Camundongos isogênicos C57Bl/6j foram imunizados com 107 taquizoitos de T. gondii irradiados a 255Gy em diferentes esquemas e utilizando adjuvantes leite (anti-péptico) e hidróxido de alumínio (anti-ácido). As preparações de taquizoítos irradiados por via oral induziram produção de imunoglobulinas IgG e IgA no soro de camundongos, sendo predominante a subclasse de IgG2a, similar a infecção crônica, determinadas por ELISA. Seu uso com adjuvantes anti-pépticos ou anti-ácidos induziu produção de IgA fecal e menos significativamente de IgG fecal. Existem indícios de indução de tolerância em nível intestinal, com queda da produção de anticorpos e da proliferação celular antígeno dirigida, especialmente quando o leite foi utilizado como adjuvante, em ensaios de produção in vitro de anticorpos ou proliferação estimulada por antígenos de T.gondii, por esplenócitos e linfócitos intestinais. As preparações orais induziram proteção quantitativa ao desafio dos animais imunizados por cepa cistogênica, que foi semelhante a imunização parenteral, quando o hidróxido de alumínio foi usado como adjuvante. Todos estes dados mostram a possibilidade de desenvolvimento de uma vacina oral para toxoplasmose utilizando taquizoítos irradiados, com aplicação prática num futuro próximo para uso em campo, utilizando iscas atrativas para imunizar felinos domésticos e selvagens. / We study the oral route for the development of a vaccine for toxoplasmosis, using parasites irradiated with 60 Cobalt, as an alternative for vaccine development to this worldwide parasitic infection. We evaluated the development of immunity at serum or mucosal levels, and their efficiency in protect the mice against challenge with oral cysts of the ME-49 strain. C57Bl/6j isogenic mice were immunized by oral route with 107 255 Gy irradiated tachyzoites from RH strain, at several protocols using milk as anti-peptic adjuvant and alum hydroxide as antacid. The preparations of irradiated tachyzoites induced production of serum IgG and IgA in immunized mice, as determined by ELISA, with IgG2a as the dominant subclass, similar to chronic infection. Their use with adjuvant allowed the excretion of significant amounts of IgA in stools also IgG, despite a lesser extent. There are suggestion of tolerance induction at mucosal level, with lower antigen induced proliferation and lower in vitro antibody production by spleen and gut lymphocytes, with the latter doses, specially when milk was used as adjuvant. All oral preparations induced some quantitative protection against challenge, which was similar to the parenteral route only isolated alum hydroxide was used as adjuvant. All these data support the possibility of the development of an oral vaccine against toxoplasmosis, using irradiated tachyzoites, which would be possible tool in near future for use in field baits, for immunizing either domestic or wild felids.
6

Innate and Adaptive Immunity in Murine Neonates Infected with the Intestinal Pathogen Yersinia enterocolitica

Echeverry, Andrea 22 September 2009 (has links)
Neonates are generally thought to be more likely to suffer from gastrointestinal disease, owing in part to diminished immune cell function. To gain insight into the development of mucosal immune responses during early life, we developed a model of orogastric infection with the Gram-negative bacterium Yersinia enterocolitica using murine neonates. Remarkably, neonatal mice of either the BALB/c or C57BL/6 mouse strains showed markedly enhanced survival after infection compared to adult mice. Both innate and adaptive immune components appear to contribute to this phenomenon. First, the increased resistance of neonates coincided with containment of the bacteria in the intestinal tissue with low dissemination into the spleen and liver. In contrast, the bacteria readily disseminated to the peripheral tissues in adult mice. Flow cytometric and histological studies revealed increased levels of neutrophils and macrophages in the neonatal mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) compared to adult mice. Similar results were obtained using two different high virulence Y. enterocolitica strains. The rapid mobilization of innate cells sequestered the bacteria to the intestinal tissue, since in vivo neutrophil depletion led to efficient dissemination of Y. enterocolitica to the spleen and liver of neonates. Together, these results support the hypothesis that the neonatal intestinal immune system is competent to mount a strong antibacterial response by rapidly mobilizing innate phagocytes and thereby confining the bacterial infection to the gut, resulting in a high level of resistance. Second, we have also demonstrated that the adaptive immune system was mobilized during primary and secondary infection with this pathogen and that some of these factors may contribute to the enhanced resistance of neonatal mice to infection. Primary infection in neonates led to increased levels of antigen presenting cells, B and T cells with an activated phenotype in the MLN. MLN CD4+ Th cells from infected neonates were found to produce greater levels of IFN-gamma and IL-17A, compared to CD4+ Th cells from adult mice. These Th responses are likely to be functionally significant because neonatal mice deficient in CD4+ T cells were found to be more susceptible than adult mice to primary infection. CD4+ T cells adoptively transferred into CD4 deficient mice rescued the majority of mice from lethal infection and led to the production of IFN-gamma and IL-17A by MLN cells. In addition, primary T cell-dependent IgG1 and IgG2a serum antibodies specific for the Yersinia immunogen LcrV were increased compared to adult mice, and the absence of B cells partially increased the susceptibility of neonatal mice to primary infection. During secondary infection, however, neonatal and adult mice mounted quantitatively and qualitatively similar Yersinia-specific memory antibody responses, demonstrating that infection with Y. enterocolitica promotes mature B cell responses in neonatal mice. Finally, primed neonatal and adult mice were protected from colonization of the Peyer's patches, weight loss and mortality after a lethal infection in adulthood, demonstrating the development of long-lived protective memory responses at the intestinal interface. Together, these results indicate that both B and T cell responses, in particular Th1 and Th17 associated immunity, are important for the development of long lasting immunity to this pathogen in early life. Third, infection of neonatal mice with a Y. enterocolitica strain deleted of the anti-inflammatory protein YopP led to massive infiltration and/or accumulation of innate phagocytes in the intestine and MLN. This effect was not detectable in infected adult mice. Thus, we have identified a novel negative regulator of intestinal inflammation which might be valuable in preventing or ameliorating inflammatory conditions. This model system has revealed the unprecedented potential of neonatal mice to develop protective inflammatory innate and adaptive immunity at mucosal surfaces. The combined results presented here demonstrate that neonatal mice may be well equipped to mount robust innate and adaptive intestinal inflammatory responses that are highly protective toward Y. enterocolitica. These findings have implications for understanding how pediatric intestinal adaptive immune responses develop in response to naturally occurring gastroenteric pathogens and offer a new biological platform for development of vaccines aimed at improving mucosal and systemic immunity in early life.
7

The Role of Intestinal Microbiota on the Regulation of Gut Function and Immunity

Natividad, Jane Mea M. 10 1900 (has links)
<p>Intestinal microbiota are key determinants of gut homeostasis and affect various gut physiological and immune processes. Co-evolution has enabled the host and intestinal microbes to exist in a mutualistic relationship. However, interactions between the host and its intestinal microbiota exist in a delicate balance between mutualism and pathogenicity. Maintenance or disruption of this balance depends on a complex interplay between the microbiota and the host, as well as other gut luminal factors, including diet, that are poorly understood. The main goal of this thesis has been to study the host-gut luminal interactions that regulate gut physiology and immunity. In particular, <strong>Chapter 2</strong> centers on investigating the effect of perturbing the intestinal barrier using a non-steroidal inflammatory drug on host-microbial and dietary interactions in a mouse model of gluten sensitivity. I demonstrated that indomethacin-induced increase in intestinal permeability is associated with altered intestinal microbiota composition, systemic antibody development against intestinal bacteria and a shift in immune responses to the dietary antigen, gluten. <strong>Chapter 3</strong> focuses on investigating whether modulation of the intestinal microbiota can affect the host’s susceptibility to intestinal injury. I used mice with defective intracellular bacterial receptor signaling because discrimination between commensals and pathogens is, in part, achieved by a family of receptors that recognize conserved bacterial components. I demonstrated that the microbiota with which these mice are colonized influences the expression of RegIII-γ, a type of antimicrobial peptide, and susceptibility to intestinal injury. To gain further insight on the effect of microbiota on antimicrobial peptides, in <strong>Chapter 4</strong> we conducted a combination of gnotobiotic and <em>in-vitro</em> experiments where we identified that specific components of the microbiota differentially regulate RegIII expression. Further examination showed that <em>MyD88 a</em>nd <em>Ticam1 </em>genes, which are signaling adaptor proteins of pattern recognition receptors, are essential regulators of microbial–induced RegIII expression by intestinal epithelial cells. Collectively, the work presented in this thesis provides novel insight on the bi-directional interaction between the host and the gut luminal content as well as of potential beneficial effects of microbiota-modulating strategies in maintaining homeostasis and preventing disease.</p> / Doctor of Philosophy (Medical Science)

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