國家原係為鞏固人民生命、身體、財產安全而存在，後為防止行政權力過度擴張，避免侵害人民權益，故有權力分立考量。在權力分立下，良善調查權往往是有效節制行政濫權、防止行政弊端的主要設計，本文以為立法院與監察院的調查權，正好扮演制衡及防弊的角色。此外，本文由治理觀點出發，主張調查權應與時俱進，隨著經濟發展，人民著重高階需求，調查權的核心價值，亦應由傳統的管制力朝向市場力及自律力為主要目的。是以，國會應結合調查權與代替人民參與政治之角色，讓調查權發揮市場監督功效，並順應多數民意需要；監察院的調查權，更應轉為積極保障人權的角色，甚至轉型為人權保障機關，以發揮積極保障人民權益功能。 本文共計六章，第一章緒論說明研究動機、目的、範圍、研究方法與限制。第二章界定調查權的內涵，由國家的存在導引出調查權的起源與目的，並將調查權劃分為制衡型調查權及防弊型調查權兩種，比較分析此二種調查權及各國作法。第三章說明我國調查權的憲政設計，包括立法院及監察院調查權，同時由歷次相關大法官解釋，說明權力分立下外部調查權爭議。第四章介紹各種治理理論，並綜整三種治理機制。第五章結合調查權與治理機制，探究調查權應予轉型，以符合人民需求。第六章提出本文的結論與建議。 本文並不涉入長久以來之三權或五權之爭，而以客觀中立的學術探討，試圖由國家成立的源頭探究調查權存在的意義與內涵，經由理論探討及比較各國作法，強調如何讓立法院及監察院的調查權發揮應有功能，降低管制成本，並達到提升政府效能、保障人民權益之最終目的。 / The purpose of a country is to strengthen and secure people’s life, body and property. However, to prevent people from abuse of the government, most country divided the government power into different section. The investigation power is therefore designed for restricting abuse of power and avoiding malpractice of the government. This research proposed that the investigation powers of the Legislative Yuan and the Control Yuan may each achieve the goal of preventing abuse and malpractice. In addition, this research introduced governance mechanism and stressed that the position of the investigation power shall transform from ruled by order and regulation into ruled by market and self compliance. The Legislative Yuan shall act for the people to monitor the conduct of the Executive Yuan, and the Control Yuan shall take more aggressive role to protect human rights. There are six chapters in this dissertation. Chapter 1 included motivation, purpose, scope, methodology and restrictions of the research. Chapter 2 defined investigation power to the government and divided this power into check and balance power and anti-fraud power. Chapter 3 explained the investigation power to the government in our country and introduced the operation of this power in the Legislative Yuan and the Control Yuan. Chapter 4 illustrated the theory of governance and concluded three pillars of government governance: ruled by order and regulation, ruled by market and self compliance. Chapter 5 integrated investigation power and governance mechanism and discussed the transformation of the investigation power. Chapter 6 described the conclusion and suggestion of the research. Regardless the argument of three or five power, this research discussed the context of the investigation power from the point of the existence of the country. After analyzing related theory and practices in different countries, this research focused on the way to strengthen the function of investigation power in the Legislative Yuan and the Control Yuan and suggested the aim to enhance government’s effectiveness and protect human’s rights.