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Problembakgrund: I en verksamhet görs lönsamhetsbedömningar i samband med investeringar där intäkter förs mot kostnader för att undersöka vilka investeringar som kan vara lönsamma. Investeringar i kultur förknippas ofta med höga investeringskostnader men kännetecknas däremot inte av höga intäkter, varpå det kan vara svårt för en kulturinvestering att bli lönsam. Kultur är värdefullt för många i samhället, men är desto svårare att värdera i monetära termer eftersom den upplevs olika av alla individer och befintliga värderingsmetoder kan användas för att värdera kulturens output på olika sätt. Kommuner investerar ofta i kulturområdet, varför det är intressant att undersöka tillvägagångssättet för rättfärdigandet av sådana investeringar, vilket denna rapport undersöker.   Syfte: Syftet med rapporten är att beskriva och analysera vilka faktorer som kan påverka beslut i kulturinvesteringar, samt att förklara hur kultur kan värderas i monetära termer.   Metod: I denna kvalitativa rapport har Varbergs kommun valts ut som fallstudie. En deduktiv ansats har använts, där utgångspunkten har legat i befintliga teorier och sedan jämförts med insamlad empiri. Teorierna är hämtade ur vetenskapliga artiklar och tryckt litteratur, den insamlade empirin har hämtats genom kvalitativa besöksintervjuer och en kvantitativ enkätundersökning.   Slutsats: Rapportens slutsats är att Varbergs kommun tar hänsyn till besöksantal, befolkningsökningar, efterfrågan och behov från invånare när beslut tas kring kulturinvesteringar. Några traditionella företagsekonomiska lönsamhetsbedömningar eller metoder för att värdera kultur används inte. Kommunen ser kultur som en självklarhet i samhället och bedömer istället vilken nytta som den tillför kommunens invånare. / Background: Profitability assessments are made in traditional businesses before investments: possible revenues are compared to costs to determine which investments can be profitable. Investing in culture is often associated with high investment costs but not with high revenues, therefore it can be difficult to get a cultural investment to become profitable. Culture is valuable for the community, but is also difficult to valuate in monetary terms since it is perceived differently and existing valuation methods can be used to value the culture output in various ways. Municipalities often invest in culture, why it is interesting to examine how they proceed in order to justify such investments, which this report covers.   Purpose: The purpose of this report is to describe and analyze the factors that can affect decisions in culture investments, and to explain how culture can be evaluated in monetary terms.   Method: In this qualitative report Varberg municipality was selected as a case study. A deductive approach has been used, with a starting point in existing theories and then compared with collected empirical data. The theories are derived from scientific articles and printed literature, the collected empirical data are gathered through qualitative interviews and a quantitative survey.   Conclusion: The report concludes that the municipality of Varberg takes into account the number of visits, population increases, the demand and needs of the residents when making decisions about cultural investments, and not traditional profitability assessments. Method of valuing culture is not used, but the municipality sees culture as an essential part of the community and instead examine the benefits it brings to local residents.

In modern organisations a large portion of senior management's time is now being consumed in finding ways to measure the contribution of their organisations' IS/IT investments on business performance. It has been shown that IS/IT investments in many organisations are huge and increasing rapidly every year and yet there is still a lack of understanding of the impact of the proper IS/IT investment evaluation processes and practices in these organisations. At the same time, the issue of expected and actual benefits realised from IS/IT investments has generated a significant amount of debate in the IS/IT literature amongst the researchers and practitioners. This is as true in Australia as it is in the rest of the developed world. Thus, one can argue that a detailed study of current practice in IS/IT investment evaluation in Australia is warranted. In this research study, an attempt was made to: (1) establish current Australian industry and government practices and norms in managing IS/IT benefits and evaluation; and (2) develop a framework based on the fit between theory and practice of IS/IT investment evaluation by large Australian organisations, particularly in an environment where much of the IS/IT is outsourced. Research objective one utilised an existing questionnaire based on Ward et al. (1996). This questionnaire was sent to the IS/IT managers of the largest 500 Australian organisations. The aim of this objective was to investigate IS/IT investment evaluation and benefits management and realisation in these Australian organisations, so as to shed light on the current practices and norms in this area. / The second research objective employed two case studies utilising semi-structured interviews, observation and document review. The aim of this objective was to develop a framework based on the fit between theory and practice of IS/IT investment evaluation by large Australian organisations. Results from the survey and two case studies were analysed and a framework for benefits realisation and investment evaluation was developed. The major contribution of this research include first, the creation of several useful guidelines for large outsourcing organisations undertaking IS/IT investment evaluation and benefits realisation processes and second, the development of a benefits realisation and investment evaluation framework which offers a practical tool to help the large organisations to determine when and how the IS/IT investment evaluation and benefits realisation should be adopted.

Abstract As for the biotechnology industry development had constructed the basis of favorable environment in Taiwan, government gives fresh impetus to biotechnology industry in recent years. The Executive Yuan established ¡§Bio Taiwan Commission (BTC)¡¨ on 2004. For the purpose of strengthen the development blueprint of biotechnology industry; the BTC belong to the rank of national policy. The government shows its determination to develop this new and developing industry by marking biotechnology industry as priority event on biotechnology industry strategy convention in latest 5 years and ¡§The challenge to year 2008 nation development significant plan¡¨. The management problems, which are brought with this new and developing industry, needs to be resolved one by one. This study focus on biotechnology industry, which is high risk long-term development, huge money investment on research and development, people¡¦s conservative investment attitude¡Ketc characters. The purpose of this study is not only to establish an valid assessment dimensions and assessment items on investment evaluation of venture capital; but also that in order to reduce the risk of investment. This study not only examines the investment evaluation standard on starting enterprises in the past but also generalizes overall assessment dimensions based on characters of biotechnology industry. The overall assessment dimensions are: management team; product technology; market size and marketing; financial management and patent. The study also includes individual assessment items and discussion of significance level. These assessment items include team competency; social experience; product features; product technology and manufacture; marketing access; financial forecast rationality; capital requirements; patent layout and contract¡Ketc. The result demonstrate that investment manager insist on attention significance level from these items analysis. This research method is based on questionnaires and in-depth interview, which establish appropriate investment standard on biotechnology industry. The research outcome shows management team is first priority on overall assessment dimensions. This research explain goal-oriented; management ability in a team; product life cycle; critical technology; marketing access; capital expenditure; stock price rationality; patent range and related party transactions that are first tier on significance level. These studies reveal that investors focus on what evaluation factor is import and provide for a reference to fund-raising of biotechnology companies in the future. Key words: venture capital, investment evaluation, assessment dimensions, assessment items, significance level

Master´s thesis is focused on efficiency analysis of two investment projects of the company JKZ Bučovice, a.s. These investments are aimed at purchase of modern technologies which extended manufacturing capacity of the company and which increased the added value of products for customers. The first part includes theoretical knowledge of investment and investment actiities and also defines the possible methods of evaluation. The second part describes the company, investments projects and there is also analyzed the financial situation. The next part shows calculations associated with the investment project efficiency. The conclusion will provide evaluation of projects and formulation of possible propositions for next investment projects.

Evaluating the value of an information technology (IT) investment is a complex exercise in technology innovation and change management. Research has indicated that about two-thirds of companies hadn¡¦t been able to evaluate the value of IT correctly. Several perspectives have been proposed to help in evaluating IT investment before implementation, such as financial and socio-technical perspectives. Among them, Intel offered an integrated evaluation method and tool, the Intel's Business Value Index (BVI), which takes into account of financial and socio-technical perspectives. This study develops an IT investment evaluation methodology grounded on Intel¡¦s BVI method for the chemical industry. The research methodology is articulated using the design science research methodology. A usability evaluation is performed using a chemical industry case to demonstrate its applicability. With this methodology, CIO or adopting organizations can more easily and systematically determine the value and the priority of each IT investment in an ex-ante evaluation.

Worldwide concerns over environmental issues and air travel’s continuous expansion have increased in recent years. This is due to rising carbon emissions caused by the aviation industry’s reliance on information technology and systems (IT/IS), which affects the environment. The review of the IT/IS and Green IT/IS investments evaluation literature has highlighted that there is a dearth of research on Green IT/IS evaluation regarding to the aviation industry. Most Green IT/IS evaluation studies focus mainly on benefits; however, cost is reported as one of the most crucial difficulties preventing organizations from adopting Green IT/IS. Generally, the focus is on the direct costs rather than the indirect costs because the latter are intangible and therefore hard to identify and quantify. However, they can have a great impact on the overall cost/budget and possibly on profitability. Although the traditional IS appraisal techniques are being used in the evaluation process, their incapability to capture the impact of intangibles and non-financial issues are apparent, which noticeably affects overall projects’ success. This research aim is to develop a model for Green IT/IS investments evaluation that enhances the understanding and management of the indirect cost associated with Green IT/IS investments within the aviation industry. The novel aspect of the model is its incorporation of the institutional theory, key internal organizational factors, together with human, organizational and environmental indirect cost factors into one model. This model was validated in the aviation industry in Thailand which had adopted and implemented Green IT/IS. The findings from an in-depth case study reveal that despite, Green IT/IS indirect costs not being perceived as costs and hence not being incorporated into the evaluation process, their effects remain, and lead to issues such as costs overruns, under-optimized budgets, and consequently projects failure. In addition, new Green IT/IS indirect cost factors have emerged which were missing from the current normative literature. Therefore, this research provides decision-makers with a useful model, a comprehensive taxonomy, a set of indirect cost factors that can be utilized during the evaluation process, and management strategies to assist in managing and controlling the impact of Green IT/IS indirect costs. Keywords: Green IT/IS Investments Evaluation, Indirect Costs, Costs Management, Costs overrun, Sustainability, Aviation Industry.

The thesis deals with the following question: 1. What are the renewable resources? 2. Types of renewable resource. 3. European Union approach to renewable resources: targets 4. Czech Republic approach to renewable resources: targets 5. Investment evaluation: Photovoltaic power plant.

This thesis is dealing with analyze and description of some aspects of Real Estate funds management. The theoretical part starts with the history and essence of collective investment. A special form of collective investment fund is Real Estate fund. The main features of these investment vehicles in the world and in Czech Republic will be examined. The main aim of this thesis is to suggest an ideal process and choose convenient methods how to evaluate an investment in realty. In the second chapter will be accomplished the analysis of external factors influencing Real Estate business. The third chapter suggests some methods for evaluating investment and risk analysis.

The present thesis aims to evaluate implementation of various methods of asset protection through the example of a real manufacturing company. For this purpose, the thesis summarizes selected theoretical and practical knowledge from the fields of operational management, lean enterprise systems, security systems, financial and investment decision-making.