Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-06-02T19:23:35Z No. of bitstreams: 1 BelizaMariaDeSouzaPinheiro_DISSERT.pdf: 3166632 bytes, checksum: ce4b8755e7b9e20165f12b9d1507f026 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-06-05T23:08:14Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 BelizaMariaDeSouzaPinheiro_DISSERT.pdf: 3166632 bytes, checksum: ce4b8755e7b9e20165f12b9d1507f026 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-05T23:08:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 BelizaMariaDeSouzaPinheiro_DISSERT.pdf: 3166632 bytes, checksum: ce4b8755e7b9e20165f12b9d1507f026 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-09-30 / O Rio Grande do Norte ? o maior produtor de sal, cloreto de s?dio, do pa?s e detentor de 97% de todo o sal produzido. Nesse contexto, a Salina Diamante Branco - SDB, em Galinhos, descarta toda a salmoura de processo na ?rea estudada, o rio Tom?s-Galinhos. Desse modo, ? essencial avaliar os poss?veis impactos dessa atividade salineira no corpo d??gua adjacente. Dessa forma, realizou-se um monitoramento f?sico-qu?mico da qualidade de ?gua e sedimento para obten??o de um diagn?stico ambiental, incluindo os indicadores de polui??o, o ?ndice de Qualidade de ?gua ? IQA e o ?ndice de Toxicidez. A maioria das amostras foram coletadas de julho de 2014 a abril de 2016, trimestralmente, em um total de 32 coletas em mar? alta e baixa. Al?m dessas coletas, houveram mais duas de metais pesados em ?gua e sedimento. Todos os resultados foram relacionados com os padr?es exigidos pelas resolu??es 357, de 17 de mar?o de 2005 e 344, de 25 de mar?o de 2004, ambas, do Conselho Nacional do Meio Ambiente ? CONAMA. Para os par?metros n?o relacionados nas normas citadas, estes, foram avaliados perante sua variabilidade no corpo d??gua. A grande maioria dos resultados obtidos apresentaram-se sem grandes varia??es mantendo as caracter?sticas naturais do estu?rio, fato que levou o IQA de todos os pontos como de qualidade BOA. Em contrapartida, alguns teores de oxig?nio dissolvido, f?sforo total em ?gua e sedimento, e clorofila obtidos, indicaram uma tend?ncia ? contamina??o por mat?ria org?nica. No entanto, esses contaminantes s?o oriundos de outras atividades nas comunidades circunvizinhas. Janeiro e abril, de maiores temperaturas, em geral, apresentaram menores valores de oxig?nio dissolvido. Em rela??o aos metais na ?gua, praticamente todos estavam abaixo do limite de detec??o do ICP-OES utilizado, ou, abaixo dos limites exigidos pelo CONAMA, indicando que estes metais tendem a ser carreados pela din?mica das mar?s ou precipitados no sedimento, caracterizando-se como IT igual a 1, isto ?, contamina??o ausente. Em rela??o aos metais no sedimento obteve-se tamb?m aus?ncia de toxicidade. Os descartes de salmoura, a priori, influenciam no comportamento da salinidade, no entanto, n?o alteram as caracter?sticas naturais do rio, mantendo um intervalo fixo de salinidade no decorrer dos anos. Em mar? baixa e nos per?odos de escassez de chuvas, foi poss?vel verificar uma tend?ncia a uma maior concentra??o dos sais e de nutrientes. A localiza??o caracter?stica de cada ponto de coleta tamb?m influenciou nos resultados. Os valores obtidos de c?lcio, magn?sio e o pH b?sico s?o caracter?sticos do corpo d??gua estudado e n?o sofreram grandes varia??es. / The Rio Grande do Norte is the largest producer of salt, sodium chloride, the country and holder of 97% of all salt produced. In this context, Salina Diamante Branco - SDB in Galinhos, dismisses the whole process of brine in the study area, the river Thomas-Galinhos. Thus, it is essential to assess the possible impacts of this Salineira activity in the body of water adjacent. Thus, there was a physical-chemical monitoring of water quality and sediment to obtain an environmental assessment, including indicators of pollution, the Water Quality Index - IQW and Toxicidez Index. Most samples were collected from July 2014 to April 2016, three months, for a total of 32 collections for high and low tide. In these collections, there were two other heavy metals in water and sediment. All results were related to the standards required by resolutions 357 of 17 March 2005 and 344 of 25 March 2004, both the National Environmental Council - CONAMA. For non listed in the cited standards parameters, these were evaluated before its variability in the water body. The vast majority of results presented without great variations while maintaining the natural characteristics of the estuary, a fact that led the IQW all points as quality GOOD. In contrast, some levels of oxygen dissolved total phosphorus in water and sediment, and obtained chlorophyll, indicated a tendency to contamination by organic matter. However, these contaminants are from other activities in the surrounding communities. January and April, higher temperatures generally showed lower values of dissolved oxygen. Regarding metals in water, almost all were below the ICP-OES detection limit or below the limits required by CONAMA, indicating that these metals tend to be adduced by the dynamics of tidal or precipitated sediment, characterizing as IT = 1, absent contamination. Regarding metals in sediment was obtained also no toxicity. Brine disposal a priori influence the behavior of the salinity, however, do not alter the natural characteristics of the river, keeping a fixed range of salinity over the years. At low tide and periods of drought, we found a trend to a higher concentration of salts and nutrients. The location characteristic of each collection point also influenced the results. The values of calcium, magnesium and alkaline pH are characteristic of the body of water and studied underwent no significant changes.

O uso de índices vem ganhando cada vez mais relevância em diversos segmentos das atividades humanas fazendo crescer a necessidade de adequá-los aos usos pretendidos, para sintetizarem e indicarem as características e situações essenciais ao planejamento e tomada de decisões. Um dos índices mais utilizados na área de recursos hídricos foi, e continua sendo, o IQA da NSF (Índice de qualidade da água da National Sanitation Foundation), criado nos Estados Unidos e adotado pela CETESB (Companhia Ambiental do Estado de São Paulo) e pela ANA (Agência Nacional de Águas) no Brasil. No entanto, a metodologia por trás do mesmo vem necessitando ser adequada às condições brasileiras. Como forma de avaliar a adequabilidade deste IQA a uma situação específica, além da verificação da necessidade de novas alterações, nesta tese foram escolhidos ambientes com características que possibilitassem a obtenção de dados e que fossem favoráveis a percepção de diferentes situações de qualidade da água em ambientes brasileiros. Estes ambientes incluem águas com boa qualidade, situações intermediárias e com qualidade ruim, principalmente devido à poluição por lançamentos de esgotos sanitários. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi adequar o IQA NSF-CETESB (que é uma versão já adaptada do IQA NSF), com base em estudos limnológicos focados, principalmente nos reservatórios do Sistema Salto de Hidrelétricas (RS), rios a jusante, e complementados por dados de outros ambientes, como o lago Guaíba (RS) e rios e reservatórios do Estado de São Paulo. Dentro do estudo limnológico do Sistema Salto foi possível observar que os reservatórios apresentaram, em geral, água de boa qualidade com alta transparência, teores de nutrientes característicos de ambientes oligotróficos e baixas concentrações de coliformes termotolerantes (fecais). Nos rios de jusante destes, houve uma tendência, em praticamente todos os períodos estudados, de elevação dos valores no sentido de montante a jusante. Este aumento ocorreu especialmente na turbidez e nos coliformes, no caso destes últimos, ultrapassando dezenas de vezes o determinado na resolução CONAMA 357/2005, para águas de classe 3, a menos restritiva para águas destinadas ao tratamento para consumo humano. A análise da aplicação do IQA NSF-CETESB permitiu verificar que este índice de qualidade da água foi pouco restritivo, pois mostrou qualidade boa ou regular para ambientes com qualidade comprovadamente comprometida por despejos de efluentes sanitários. Isto ocorreu pricipalmente em função do significado dos coliformes termotolerantes na composição final do referido índice. Outro fator de baixa restritividade verificado no IQA NSF-CETESB foi o fósforo total, em função de suas concentrações praticamente não terem influenciado no resultado do IQA, ou seja, o referido índice apresentou uma sensibilidade muito baixa às concentrações de fósforo total. A nova adequação do IQA, produzida pelo presente trabalho, e denominada IQA NSF-COLI 25, trouxe como resultado: (1) as alterações dadas pelas novas curvas de sub-índices de coliformes termotolerantes e fósforo total; (2) alterações pela incorporação de uma curva de sub-índices de clorofila-a e; (3) alterações pela revisão dos pesos concedidos, em função da atual importância de cada uma das variáveis componentes do índice. Desta forma, trouxe um avanço a síntese de resultados por IQAs. Estes avanços foram constatados pela verificação do aumento das correlações dos resultados de classificação da qualidade da água (que cresceram de 73 à 85 porcento) por IQA e pela Resolução Conoma 357/2005. / The use of indices is increasingly relevant in various segments of human activities, requiring further adaptations to the intended uses, in order to synthetize and indicate the characteristics and situations essential to planning and decision making. One of the most widely used indices in water resources was, and still is, the WQI of the National Sanitation Foundation, created in the United States and adopted by CETESB (Environmental Company of the State of São Paulo) and by ANA (National Water Agency) in Brazil. However, the methodology behind it must be further adapted to Brazilian conditions. As a way of assessing the suitability of this WQI to a specific situation, besides verifying the need for new changes, in this thesis environments were chosen with characteristics that would enable obtaining data and be favorable to the perception of different water quality situations. These environments include good quality water, intermediate situations and bad quality, mainly due to pollution by the discharge of sanitary sewage. The essential objective of this work was to adapt the WQI NSF-CETESB (which is an already adapted version of WQI NSF) based on focused limnological studies, especially in the reservoirs of the Sistema Salto de Hidrelétricas (Salto Hydropower Plants System) (RS), rivers downstream and, complemented by data from other environments, such as the Guaiba Lake (RS) and rivers and reservoirs in the State of São Paulo. In the limnological study of the Salto System, it could be seen that the reservoirs generally present good quality, highly transparent water, with nutrient contents characteristic of oligotrophic environments, and low concentrations of thermotolerant (fecal) coliforms. In the rivers downstream from them, there was a tendency, in practically all the periods studied, for a rise in values from upstream to downstream. This increase occurred especially in turbidity and coliforms. In the case of the latter, they often surpassed dozens of times what was determined in Conama Resolution 357/2005 for class 3 waters, the least restrictive for water to be treated for human consumption. The analysis of the application of WQI NSF-CETESB allowed verifying that this water quality index was not very restrictive, since it showed good or fair quality for environments that had been proven to be compromised by sanitary effluent discharges. This occurred mainly because of the significance of the thermotolerant coliforms in the final composition of the aforementioned index. Another factor of low restrictiveness found in WQI NSF-CETESB was the local phosphorus, because its concentrations practically did not influence the results of the WQI, ie, the aforementioned index presented a very low sensitivity to the concentrations of total phosphorus. The new adaptation of WQI produced by this work, and called WQI NSF-COLI 25, had the following result: (1) changes given by the new curves of subindices of thermotolerant coliforms and total phosphorus; (2) changes due to the incorporation of a curve of subindices of chlorophyll-a, and; (3) changes due to the review of the weights given, because of the current importance of each of the variables which are components of the index. In this way, the synthesis of results by WQIs brought an advance. These advances were found by looking at the increased correlations of the results of water quality classification by WQI and by Conama Resolution 357/2005, which grew from 73 to 85 percent.

2,2′-Bipyridine (BPy), one of the most widely used ligands in coordination chemistry, exists naturally in the s-trans conformation but must preorganize to the s-cis conformer in order to form chelating complexes. Lower stability of the s-cis conformer was mainly attributed to steric 3,3′-hydrogen clashes and nitrogen lone pair-lone pair interactions, but recent trends in the literature suggest that these clashes might be bonding interactions in similar molecules. These close contacts are also present in metal complexes with BPy and are often used as “steric repulsions” in order to explain trends in formation constants. In the present work we investigate the CH•••HC interaction in the free ligand as well as in ZnII(BPy)n(OH2)6-2n and NiII(BPy)n(OH2)6-2n complexes. We use multiple distinct advances in theoretical chemistry in order to arrive at a consistent and coherent model describing these interactions. The Quantum Theory of Atoms in Molecules (QTAIM) reveals the presence of an atomic interaction line (a bond path) for the CH•••HC interaction. Using the Interacting Quantum Atoms (IQA) energy decomposition scheme we show that the CH•••HC interaction is attractive and quantum mechanical in nature. The Extended Transition State coupled with Natural Orbitals for Chemical Valence (ETS-NOCV) energy decomposition scheme show favorable orbital mixing, and Non-Covalent Interaction (NCI) analysis reveals that no steric (Pauli) strain exists in the valence (overlap) regions of the interaction - electron density is concentrated rather than depleted in the bonding region. We also studied various other interactions, ranging from purely repulsive (N--N interaction in the s-cis conformer of BPy), purely electrostatic (CH•••N interaction in s-trans conformer of BPy), H-bonding (CH–N and CH–O bonds in complexes) to coordination bonds and covalent bonds. Using a comparative approach, we show the similarities and differences among the interactions, and conclude that the CH•••HC interaction cannot be classified as a “steric repulsion” - the interaction is similar in properties to every studied known bonding interaction and opposite in nature to the studied known repulsions. Finally, we suggest novel interpretations and understanding of the nature of intramolecular interactions and the field of theoretical chemistry, as well as representing the first work to combine and corroborate QTAIM, IQA, NCI and ETS-NOCV findings. / Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2013. / gm2014 / Chemistry / unrestricted

No description available.

Nowadays, the effective management of information is extremely important for all spheres of our lives and applications such as search engines and question answering systems help users to find the information that they need. However, even when assisted by these various applications, people sometimes struggle to find what they want. For example, when choosing a product customers can be confused by the need to consider many features before they can reach a decision. Interactive question answering (IQA) systems can help customers in this process, by answering questions about products and initiating a dialogue with the customers when their needs are not clearly defined. The focus of this thesis is how to design an interactive question answering system that will assist users in choosing a product they are looking for, in an optimal way, when a large number of similar products are available. Such an IQA system will be based on selecting a set of characteristics (also referred to as product features in this thesis), that describe the relevant product, and narrowing the search space. We believe that the order in which these characteristics are presented in terms of these IQA sessions is of high importance. Therefore, they need to be ranked in order to have a dialogue which selects the product in an efficient manner. The research question investigated in this thesis is whether product characteristics mentioned in user reviews are important for a person who is likely to purchase a product and can therefore be used when designing an IQA system. We focus our attention on products such as mobile phones; however, the proposed techniques can be adapted for other types of products if the data is available. Methods from natural language processing (NLP) fields such as coreference resolution, relation extraction and opinion mining are combined to produce various rankings of phone features. The research presented in this thesis employs two corpora which contain texts related to mobile phones specifically collected for this thesis: a corpus of Wikipedia articles about mobile phones and a corpus of mobile phone reviews published on the Epinions.com website. Parts of these corpora were manually annotated with coreference relations, mobile phone features and relations between mentions of the phone and its features. The annotation is used to develop a coreference resolution module as well as a machine learning-based relation extractor. Rule-based methods for identification of coreference chains describing the phone are designed and thoroughly evaluated against the annotated gold standard. Machine learning is used to find links between mentions of the phone (identified by coreference resolution) and phone features. It determines whether some phone feature belong to the phone mentioned in the same sentence or not. In order to find the best rankings, this thesis investigates several settings. One of the hypotheses tested here is that the relatively low results of the proposed baseline are caused by noise introduced by sentences which are not directly related to the phone and phone feature. To test this hypothesis, only sentences which contained mentions of the mobile phone and a phone feature linked to it were processed to produce rankings of the phones features. Selection of the relevant sentences is based on the results of coreference resolution and relation extraction. Another hypothesis is that opinionated sentences are a good source for ranking the phone features. In order to investigate this, a sentiment classification system is also employed to distinguish between features mentioned in positive and negative contexts. The detailed evaluation and error analysis of the methods proposed form an important part of this research and ensure that the results provided in this thesis are reliable.

A sobre-exploração humana tem causado uma degradação generalizada e perturbação dos ecossistemas de água doce, os mais ameaçados do mundo. A bacia hidrográfica do Rio dos Sinos, no estado do Rio Grande do Sul, é considerada umas mais poluídas do Brasil. Seus cursos d’água estão sob diferentes graus de influência antrópica, bem como seus organismos dependentes. A lontra Neotropical é um mustelídeo semiaquático ameaçado por toda a sua área de distribuição continental onde há conhecimento. Embora a lontra seja um importante organismo para avaliar a qualidade ambiental por apresentar alguma tolerância a ambientes antropizados, pouco se sabe sobre seu status de conservação. Sua biologia, ecologia, comportamento e aspectos populacionais ainda são pouco conhecidos. Considerando isso, uma síntese de aspectos ecológicos e biológicos de Lontra longicaudis foi realizada através de extensa revisão bibliográfica. Além disso, avaliada a influência da qualidade da água em regiões com diferentes níveis de influência antrópica, bem como a estrutura da vegetação nas margens de rios, a sazonalidade e a velocidade da correnteza nos rios sobre a ocorrência de L. longicaudis. O componente experimental deste projeto foi realizado com base em amostragens mensais de material biológico não invasivo em 16 diferentes regiões da bacia do Rio dos Sinos no Rio Grande do Sul, ao longo de 2015. Ademais, foram realizadas entrevistas com moradores como método complementar para confirmar a presença da espécie. Nove novas áreas de registro de L. longicaudis foram confirmadas para o estado. A ocorrência de lontra foi modelada através de modelos lineares generalizados. Áreas com água de melhor qualidade (classes 2 e 3) apresentaram significativamente mais registros que áreas com água de qualidade inferior (classe 4). Adicionalmente, quer a correnteza, quer a época do ano também se mostraram relevantes para explicar os padrões de ocorrência da espécie. Em conclusão, a lontra Neotropical, assim como outros mamíferos semi-aquáticos poderão ser utilizados como bioindicadores de qualidade ambiental, especialmente em ambientes antropizados. No futuro, outras variáveis tais como a fisionomia e estágio de sucessão ecológica da vegetação das margens deverão ser considerados para explicar os padrões de ocorrência de lontra, no sentido de contribuir, de forma mais suportada, para a definição de medidas para a sua conservação. / Human overexploitation has caused the generalized degradation and disturbance of freshwater ecosystems, the most threatened in the world. The Sinos river basin in Rio Grande do Sul state is considered one of the most polluted in Brazil. Watercourses in this basin are under different degrees of anthropogenic influence, as well as all the organisms that depend on that water. The Neotropical otter is a semiaquatic mustelid threatened across its entire distribution area. While the otter is an important organism to evaluate environmental quality due to its intermediate tolerance to modified environments, little is known about its conservation status. Neotropical otter biology, ecology, behaviour and population aspects are still scarcely known. With this is mind, a synthesis of the ecological and biological aspects of Lontra longicaudis was done by means of literature revision. The effect of water quality in regions with distinct levels of anthropogenic influence, as well as vegetation structure, seasonality and flow velocity on otter occurrence was evaluated. The experimental component of this project was made based on monthly samplings of non-invasive biological material in 16 different regions of the Sinos river basin in Rio Grande do Sul in 2015. Moreover, interviews with local residents were made as a complementary method to confirm the species presence. Nine new areas of occurrence were detected in the state. Otter occurrence was modelled through generalized linear models. Areas with water of better quality (classes 2 and 3) presented significantly higher records than areas with water of lower quality (class 4). Additionally, both flow and season were also relevant in explaining the patterns of occurrence of the species. In conclusion, the Neotropical otter, as well as other semiaquatic mammals may be used as bioindicators of environmental quality, especially in human-altered environments. In the future, other parameters such as the physiognomy and the stage of ecological succession of the vegetation should be taken into consideration to explain patterns of otter occurrence, as a means to contribute, in a more sustained way, to the definition of conservation measures for the species.

Force fields have been an integral part of computational chemistry for decades, providing invaluable insight and facilitating the better understanding of biomolecular system behaviour. Despite the many benefits of a force field, there continue to be deficiencies as a result of the classical architecture they are based upon. Some deficiencies, such as a point charge electrostatic description instead of a multipole moment description, have been addressed over time, permitted by the ever-increasing computational power available. However, whilst incorporating such significant improvements has improved force field accuracy, many still fail to describe several chemical effects including polarisation, non-covalent interactions and secondary/tertiary structural effects. Furthermore, force fields often fail to provide consistency when compared with other force fields. In other words, no force field is reliably performing more accurately than others, when applied to a variety of related problems. The work presented herein develops a next-generation force field entitled FFLUX, which features a novel architecture very different to any other force field. FFLUX is designed to capture the relationship between geometry and energy through a machine learning method known as kriging. Instead of a series of parameterised potentials, FFLUX uses a collection of atomic energy kriging models to make energy predictions. The energies describing atoms within FFLUX are obtained from the Interacting Quantum Atoms (IQA) energy partitioning approach, which in turn derives the energies from the electron density and nuclear charges of topological atoms described by Quantum Chemical Topology (QCT). IQA energies are shown to provide a unique insight into the relationship between geometry and energy, allowing the identification of explicit atoms and energies contributing towards torsional barriers within various systems. The IQA energies can be modelled to within 2.6% accuracy, as shown for a series of small systems including weakly bound complexes. The energies also allow an interpretation of how an atom feels its surrounding environment through intra-atomic, covalent and electrostatic energetic descriptions, which typically are seen to converge within a ~7 - 8 A horizon radius around an atom or small system. These energy convergence results are particularly relevant to tackling the transferability theme within force field development. Where energies are seen to converge, a proximity limit on the geometrical description needed for a transferable energy model is defined. Finally, the FFLUX force field is validated through successfully optimising distorted geometries of a series of small molecules, to near-ab initio accuracy.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:41:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 EmilyCTACpdf.pdf: 3591315 bytes, checksum: be24520b4ab67c175c58faec0f0ec20c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-07-29 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / This study is an environmental diagnosis of the Jundia?-Potengi/RN estuarine system waters, using calculations of pollution indicator indices such as the Water Quality Index (WQI) and the Toxicity Index (TI). The samples were collected at twelve points on the estuary, at high and low tide, between August and November 2007, over four campaigns. The study area, located in a high impact region, has various activities on its banks such as: discharge of untreated or undertreated domestic and industrial sewage, shrimp farming, immunizer stabilization lakes, riverside communities, etc. All the parameters analyzed were compared to the limits of CONAMA Resolution No. 357 of 2005 for healthy and saline Class 1 waters. The results found prove the impact caused by various activities, mainly the parameters related to the presence of organic material, such as DQO, DBO, COT and thermotolerant colliforms. The IQA for most of the collection points was of medium quality. For the metals, although values above the Resolution limits were found, most of them were lower than the detection limits of ICP-OES used, indicating that they tend to be transported by the dynamic of the tides or rainfall and are deposited in bottom sediments, resulting in a TI of 1.0 in this water, when they are absent, which occurs in most cases, or 0.0, when heavy metals are found in these waters / O presente trabalho consiste em um diagn?stico ambiental das ?guas do sistema estuarino Jundia?-Potengi/RN, atrav?s de c?lculos de ?ndices indicadores de polui??o como o ?ndice de Qualidade da ?gua (IQA) e do ?ndice de Toxidez (IT). As amostras foram coletadas em doze pontos do estu?rio, em mar? alta e baixa, entre os meses de agosto e novembro de 2007, totalizando quatro campanhas. A ?rea de estudo est? localizada numa regi?o de alto impacto, tendo em suas margens diversas atividades como: lan?amento de esgotos dom?sticos e industriais sem tratamento ou fora dos padr?es de lan?amento, carciniculturas, lagoas de estabiliza??o de imunizadoras, comunidades ribeirinhas, etc. Todos os par?metros analisad s tiveram seus resultados comparados com os limites da Resolu??o CONAMA N? 357 de 2005 para ?guas salobras e salinas Classe 1. Os resultados encontrados comprovam o impacto ocasionado pelas diversas atividades, principalmente os par?metros relacionados com a presen?a de mat?ria org?nica, como DBO, COT e Coliformes termotolerantes. Assim, o IQA para a maioria dos pontos de coleta foi de qualida e M?DIA. Para os metais, embora tenham sido encontrados valores acima do que permite a Resolu??o, a maioria deles estavam abaixo dos limites de detec??o do ICP-OES utilizado, indicando que estes tendem a ser carreados pela din?mica das mar?s ou precipitam e se depositam nos sedimentos de fundo, dando a essa ?gua um IT igual 1,0, quando estes est?o ausentes, o que ocorre na maioria dos casos, ou 0,0 quando se encontram teores de metais pesados nessas ?guas

Submitted by Erika Demachki (erikademachki@gmail.com) on 2014-10-21T16:58:38Z No. of bitstreams: 4 Dissertação - Michel Carvalho Franco - 2012 (1).pdf: 414478 bytes, checksum: e0dd2cf5316913ab0f36d338413a28f9 (MD5) Dissertação - Michel Carvalho Franco - 2012 (2).pdf: 18282967 bytes, checksum: c662a6a3d62282a6c9ce310708367b5f (MD5) Dissertação - Michel Carvalho Franco - 2012 (3).pdf: 9760426 bytes, checksum: 67ca4f17bc29b7fdb31e9bf423e8d109 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Jaqueline Silva (jtas29@gmail.com) on 2014-10-21T18:19:26Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 4 Dissertação - Michel Carvalho Franco - 2012 (1).pdf: 414478 bytes, checksum: e0dd2cf5316913ab0f36d338413a28f9 (MD5) Dissertação - Michel Carvalho Franco - 2012 (2).pdf: 18282967 bytes, checksum: c662a6a3d62282a6c9ce310708367b5f (MD5) Dissertação - Michel Carvalho Franco - 2012 (3).pdf: 9760426 bytes, checksum: 67ca4f17bc29b7fdb31e9bf423e8d109 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-21T18:19:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 4 Dissertação - Michel Carvalho Franco - 2012 (1).pdf: 414478 bytes, checksum: e0dd2cf5316913ab0f36d338413a28f9 (MD5) Dissertação - Michel Carvalho Franco - 2012 (2).pdf: 18282967 bytes, checksum: c662a6a3d62282a6c9ce310708367b5f (MD5) Dissertação - Michel Carvalho Franco - 2012 (3).pdf: 9760426 bytes, checksum: 67ca4f17bc29b7fdb31e9bf423e8d109 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-03-08 / Human activities developed in the city of Jataí alter the water quality of the rivers that pass through the urbanized area due to releases of treated wastewater or “in natura” wastewater, urban drainage, solid waste and even by natural processes. In this scenario, were verified the quality of the waters of the Rio Claro, the stream of Queixada and Ribeirão Jataí, using the method of verification of the Water Quality Index (WQI CETESB). The indices found in ten points studied, in four samples campaigns, were classified as water quality "good," "fair" and "medium." It was also found that the quality parameters BOD (Biochemical Oxygen Demand), Faecal Coliforms, pH and Turbidity did not meet the limits for the waterways of Class 2 CONAMA Resolution No. 357/2005 (BRAZIL, 2005). Moreover, for the most part, the original vegetation of Permanent Preservation Areas (APP) of urban rivers studied was removed or replaced by buildings or by some sort of anthropic occupation. / As atividades antrópicas desenvolvidas no município de Jataí alteram a qualidade das águas dos rios que passam pela área urbanizada devido aos lançamentos de esgotos tratados ou in natura; drenagem urbana; resíduos sólidos, e até mesmo, por processos naturais. Neste cenário, verificou-se a qualidade das águas do Rio Claro, do Córrego do Queixada e do Ribeirão Jataí, utilizando-se o método de verificação do Índice de Qualidade da Água (IQA da CETESB). Os índices encontrados nos dez pontos de coleta estudados, em quatro campanhas de coleta, foram classificados como água de qualidade “boa”, “regular” e “média”. Verificou-se também que os parâmetros de qualidade DBO (Demanda Bioquímica de Oxigênio), Coliformes Fecais, pH e Turbidez não atenderam os limites estabelecidos para os cursos de água da Classe 2 da Resolução CONAMA nº 357/2005 (BRASIL, 2005). Além disso, em sua maior parte, a vegetação original das Áreas de Preservação Permanente (APP) dos rios urbanos estudados foram eliminada e/ou substituída por construções ou por algum tipo de ocupação ou uso antrópico.

Hundreds of thousands of students earn credit toward both high school and college each year through dual credit programs. This research project used qualitative methods to elicit the story, the shared reality, of faculty who spend their time with these students. It is an important story to tell as legislators, community college and public school administrators, parents, and students are motivated to see these programs not only continue, but grow. System influence diagrams (SIDs) depicting the dual credit teaching experience on high school and college campuses were developed for two separate groups of community college faculty. The models were used for comparing the high school and college dual credit teaching environments. The results of this study support other research, suggesting there are important differences between the high school and college environments when teaching dual credit students. From an overall perspective, faculty found the community college campus environment superior to teaching on the high school campus for reasons related to facilities and technology, a sense of belonging in the larger organization, and the integration of dual credit students into a more traditional college environment. / text