In this sociolinguistic study an attempt is made to relate different levels of use of variant features of Educated Spoken Arabic (ESA) of Iraq to speakers' attitudes, and to link these variables with sex and regional differences in a group of informants. The informants are a number of educated Iraqis who are available in the U. K. In the study of language attitude the methods used involved a questionnaire on attitudes and an analysis of subjects' reaction to samples of ESA containing the variant features to be studied which used semantic differential technique. Factor analysis was adopted as a data analysis device. In the attitude study a presentation of the attitudes of the informants towards different regional speech styles, of Iraq, was provided. The study showed significant differences between the attitudes of the male and the female informants as well as among the informants who belong to the three regions of Iraq. The second part of the study investigated the distribution of chosen phonological variables. The effect of the sex and the region of the speakers on their choice of standard / stigmatized (colloquial) variants was studied. The methodology adopted in this part involved recordings of unprepared and unscripted speech by the informants discussing various informal topics. The data analysis involved the use of a text analysis package, Oxford Concordance Program (OCP). The study established that the male speakers chose more standard and less stigmatized variants than the female speakers. This result contrasted with the findings of some studies which have been conducted in the western world but agreed with other studies conducted in similar Arab speech communities. The study also revealed some differences among speakers from different regions in the choice of the variants.

Magister Legum - LLM / Abstract to be made available soon. / South Africa

Thesis advisor: Ali Banuazizi / This thesis takes a historical approach in examining the effects of foreign intervention and interference in the development of Iraqi nationalism. The first portion of the thesis provides a background of Iraq’s history to provide the reader with knowledge of Iraq’s political development. The thesis will demonstrate that direct occupation, transnationalism, and a weak state have prevented Iraq from developing a coherent national identity that can be adopted by all ethnosectarian groups in the state. Tracing the development of Iraq as a state, as well as an analysis of the motivations of foreign actors and transnational entities will shed light on this dynamic. / Thesis (MA) — Boston College, 2020. / Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences. / Discipline: Political Science.

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Call number: LD2668 .T4 1979 H87 / Master of Architecture

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Approved for public release, distribution unlimited / This thesis explores shifting perceptions within the U.S. government regarding Iraq's Shi'i majority, and their impact on the decision to remove Saddam, and on current U.S. endeavors in post-war Iraq. It explains how perceptions of Shi'is as a radical, monolithic, anti-American sect, were formulated during the late 1970s and 80s, as the U.S. government assumed a dominant role in the Middle East following Britain's withdrawal. During that time, Shi'is were viewed as a significant threat to U.S. regional interests, and for over 20 years U.S. policy had sought to contain them. These perceptions changed dramatically prior to Operation Iraqi Freedom, in a manner that seemed to support U.S. objectives for a post-Saddam Iraq. The Bush administration now believed that Iraq's Shi'is were unified, supportive of a long-term alliance with the U.S. government, and amenable to an imposed secular democracy that would be friendly with the West. In the aftermath of the war, such misperceptions are becoming increasingly obvious. This thesis will identify and correct these errors, and will explain how these shifts in viewpoint occurred. Furthermore, the importance of understanding Iraq's Shi'is will be underscored by positing that the Shi'i are an essential element to any viable, long term solution for post-war Iraq.

Thesis (M.S.)--Youngstown State University, 2009. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 75-81). Also available via the World Wide Web in PDF format.

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