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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
41

Fatores que favorecem o desenvolvimento de microalgas planctônicas em sistemas de arroz irrigado pré-germinado, no Sul do Brasil

Ravasa, Tiziane Horbach 10 July 2013 (has links)
Submitted by Maicon Juliano Schmidt (maicons) on 2015-04-24T19:48:05Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tiziane Horbach Ravasa.pdf: 194025 bytes, checksum: d1b295c3b498dcadabe914d6f2386941 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-24T19:48:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tiziane Horbach Ravasa.pdf: 194025 bytes, checksum: d1b295c3b498dcadabe914d6f2386941 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-01-31 / IRGA - Instituto Rio Grandense do Arroz / Em muitos países o plantio de arroz é a atividade mais importante do país, sendo o principal alimento para mais da metade da população mundial. Em lavouras de arroz com sistema de plantio pré-germinado a água permanente pode ser favorável ao desenvolvimento de diversos grupos de organismos, como no caso de comunidades fitoplanctônicas. Assim, o presente trabalho tem como objetivos avaliar que fatores influenciam no desenvolvimento da biomassa fitoplanctônica em lavouras de arroz irrigado pré-germinado e também, avaliar como as fontes de irrigação podem contribuir para o estabelecimento das florações e seus efeitos sobre a riqueza e diversidade fitoplanctônica em sistemas de arroz pré-germinado. Para isso, foram realizadas coletas de água para análise biológica (densidade, riqueza e diversidade do fitoplâncton) no preparo (enchimento) das quadras, logo após o plantio, e em seis outras ocasiões ao longo do ciclo de cultivo, em três lavouras situadas no município de Viamão/RS. Espera-se que, com este trabalho, as informações geradas possam contribuir com conhecimento especializado visando a mitigação dos impactos do desenvolvimento de algas nestes sistemas, entender os processos que determinam a ocorrência das algas planctônicas nos ambientes estudados e compreender o papel das fontes na determinação das florações e seus efeitos sobre a diversidade da comunidade fitoplanctônica em sistemas de cultivo de arroz irrigado pré-germinado. / In various countries rice planting is the most important activity, therefore being the main source of food for half the world’s population. In rice fields with a pre-germinated planting system the permanent water may be favorable to the developing of various groups of organisms, as in phytoplankton communities. Thus, the following paper has the objective to evaluate the factors that affect the development of phytoplankton biomass irrigated pre-germinated rice fields as well as evaluate how the sources of irrigation can contribute to the establishment of blooming and its effects over the phytoplankton richness and diversity in pre-germinated rice systems. In order to accomplish this, water samples were collected for biological analysis (phytoplankton density, richness and diversity) in the area preparation right after the planting and in six other occasions during the planting cycle, in three fields situated in the county of Viamão/RS. It is expected, with this study, that the information obtained may contribute with specialized knowledge in view of mitigating the impacts of algae development in these systems, understanding of the process determining planktonic algae in the environment under study, and understand the role of sources in determining blooming and its effect over the diversity of the phytoplankton community pre-germinated irrigated rice fields.
42

Nitrogen Movement Under Irrigated Corn as Influenced by Nitrogen Source and Rate

Muir, Douglas C. 01 May 1972 (has links)
The purpose of this study was to determine nitrogen movements under a fall applied fertilizer as affected by rate of application of fertilizer, type of fertilizer carrier, and by crop grown. Two nitrogen fertilizers, calcium nitrate and ammonium sulfate, were applied in the fall of 1970. The soil profile was sampled in the spring of 1971 and again in the fall of 1971. Nitrate-nitrogen from both the calcium nitrate and the ammonium sulfate applications was found to have moved significantly from the time of application to the time of spring soil sampling. Two effects from the high rate of both calcium nitrate and ammonium sulfate which had influenced nitrate-nitrogen location in the profile were observed. The first effect was a promoting of deep movement of nitrate nitrogen by the high rate of calcium nitrate. The second effect was a delay of deep leaching of nitrate-nitrogen by the high rate of ammonium sulfate. The crop grown in the calcium nitrate plots was severely nitrogen deficient at all rates of fertilizer application. The corn grown in the ammonium sulfate plots at 150 pounds nitrogen per acre were nitrogen deficient to the same degree as the calcium nitrate plots. The crop in the high rate of ammonium sulfate plots looked quite good although some nitrogen deficiency symptoms did appear. Crop performance showed that severe leaching had taken place over the winter and through the growing season. This leaching was found to be affected by type of fertilizer carrier, application rate of fertilizer, and the crop grown. At the end of the growing season approximately half of the nitrate-nitrogen present in the soil profile in the spring was present in the fall after crop removal.
43

Development and Evaluation of Laboratory Methods for Determining the Nitrogen Supplying Power of the Irrigated Soils of Northern Utah

Wight, Jerald Ross 01 May 1959 (has links)
Nitrogen is the most widely needed and the most widely used of the fertilizer elements. Yet, in spite of the voluminous research work of evaluating the nitrogen status of soils, laboratory tests for the purpose of predicting need of nitrogen fertilizer are not very widely used. In general, laboratory tests for nitrogen supplying power have not given satisfactory results. Methods currently employed by a few laboratories can be classified either as biological or chemical. In the former method, the soil is incubated under optimum conditions and the amount of nitrate released over a given period of time is measured and used as an index to the nitrogen supplying power of the soil. In the latter method a portion of the total nitrogen is released by chemical means and measured. An attempt is made using chemical methods to release the same amount or a constant portion of the amount of nitrogen that normally would be furnished to a growing plant by the soil during one season.
44

根からみた作物の水ストレス耐性

Ogawa, Atsushi, Kano, Mana, Inukai, Yoshiaki, 小川, 敦史, Suralta, Roel, 狩野, 麻奈, 犬飼, 義明, Yamauchi, Akira, 山内, 章 02 1900 (has links)
The proceedings included herein are the papers presented in the Seventh ICCAE Open Forum held in October 20th, 2006 at Nagoya University, Japan.
45

Subsurface irrigation with saline water on a loamy sand

Soultani, Massoud January 1989 (has links)
No description available.
46

Economic potentials of irrigated crop production on selected soils in Juneau County, Wisconsin

Karasch, A. J. January 1967 (has links)
Thesis (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin, 1967. / Extension Repository Collection. Typescript (carbon copy). Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 84-85).
47

Remote sensing-based identification and mapping of salinised irrigated land between Upington and Keimoes along the lower Orange River, South Africa /

Mashimbye, Zama Eric. January 2005 (has links)
Thesis (MSc)--University of Stellenbosch, 2005. / Bibliography. Also available via the Internet.
48

Influência da irrigação na atividade e sazonalidade de besouros coprófagos (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) em pastagem /

Oikawa, Fabiana. January 2007 (has links)
Orientador: Carlos Alberto Hector Flechtmann / Banca: Maria Conceição Zocoller Seno / Banca: Júlio Neil Cassa Louzada / Resumo: Scarabaeidae coprófagos têm grande importância econômica por removerem e enterrarem massas fecais bovinas em pastagens, melhorando as propriedades físicas e químicas do solo, além de serem agentes de controle biológico de parasitos de gado bovino. O objetivo desse experimento foi verificar se a irrigação de pastagem (com pivot central), especialmente na estação seca, influencia na abundância e riqueza em espécies de Scarabaeidae coprófagos, em comparação com um pasto não irrigado. O experimento foi realizado na Fazenda Santa Ofélia, Selvíria, estado do Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil. Uma vez por semana foram feitas coletas de massas fecais de diferentes idades e armadilhas pitfall iscadas com massa fecal bovina, em áreas de pasto irrigado e não irrigado, no período de abril de 2004 a abril de 2005. Coletou-se 54854 besouros coprófagos, sendo as espécies mais abundantes: Labarrus pseudolividus, Nialaphodius nigrita, Ataenius aequalis, A. crenulatus, A. platensis, A. sculptor, A. scutellaris, Dichotomius bos, D. nisus, D. glaucus, Digitonthophagus gazella, Ontherus appendiculatus, Pedaridium bidens e Trichillum externepunctatum. Na estação chuvosa quase todas as espécies ocorreram em maior número no pasto não irrigado, com exceção de A. platensis, mas na estação seca duas espécies foram significantemente mais abundantes no pasto irrigado, L. pseudolividus e A. crenulatus. D. gazella, A. scutellaris, A. platensis, D. bos e D. glaucus foram capturados em quantidades similares em ambos os pastos. A partir dos resultados obtidos, conclui-se que a irrigação afetou negativamente a abundância de besouros coprófagos, especialmente na estação seca, talvez devido a fertilizantes adicionados à água de irrigação. / Abstract: Dung beetles are of great economic importance due to the removal and burial of dung pads in pastures, enhancing physical and chemical properties of the soil; in addition they are agents of biological control of cattle parasites. The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the influence of irrigation of a pasture by a central pivot, especially during the dry season, on the abundance and richness in species of dung beetles, when compared to a nonirrigated pasture. The experimental area was at Farm Santa Ofélia, located in Selvíria, state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. Collected cattle droppings of differents ages and pitfall traps were weekly baited with fresh dung pads, in an irrigated and a non-irrigated pasture, from April 2004 until April 2005. A total of 54,854 dung beetles were collected, where the most abundant species were Labarrus pseudolividus, Nialaphodius nigritas, Ataenius aequalis, A. crenulatus, A. platensis, A. sculptor, A. scutellaris, Dichotomius bos, D. nisus, D. glaucus, Digitonthophagus gazella, Ontherus appendiculatus, Pedaridium bidens and Trichillum externepunctatum. All species were most abundant during the rainy season. During the rainy season nearly all species were more abundant in the non-irrigated pasture, with A. platensis being the only exception, with larger numbers on the irrigated pasture. During the dry season two species, L. pseudolividus and A. crenulatus, were though more abundant in the irrigated pasture, while for D. gazella, A. scutellaris, A. platensis, D. bos and D. glaucus there were no statistically significant differences between pastures. Results show irrigation affected negatively the abundance of dung beetles, especially during the dry season. It is possible that the fertilizers added to the water used in the irrigation might have played a role in these results. / Mestre
49

Avaliação da sustentabilidade das unidades de manejo familiares que produzem coco-anão verde em monocultivo e produção consorciada no perímetro irrigado das várzeas de Sousa-PB.

ALENCAR, Isabelle da Costa Wanderley. 11 September 2018 (has links)
Submitted by Lucienne Costa (lucienneferreira@ufcg.edu.br) on 2018-09-11T17:02:49Z No. of bitstreams: 1 ISABELLE DA COSTA WANDERLEY ALENCAR – TESE (PPGRN) 2018.pdf: 8391011 bytes, checksum: d6d9f1320119f0e949f171284d03ad01 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-09-11T17:02:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ISABELLE DA COSTA WANDERLEY ALENCAR – TESE (PPGRN) 2018.pdf: 8391011 bytes, checksum: d6d9f1320119f0e949f171284d03ad01 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-28 / Avaliações de sustentabilidade na agricultura fornecem informações essenciais sobre a viabilidade dos sistemas agrícolas, contribuindo para a busca do desenvolvimento sustentável. Este trabalho de tese objetivou avaliar o estado de sustentabilidade das unidades de manejo familiares que produzem coco-anão verde em monocultivo e produção consorciada no PIVAS. O objetivo geral do estudo foi avaliar o estado da sustentabilidade dos agroecossistemas familiares que produzem coco-anão verde nessas duas formas de manejo. Os agroecossistemas estudados pertencem aos setores 6 e 7 do PIVAS e o estudo de campo ocorreu entre os anos de 2015 e 2016. O método para realizar a pesquisa fundamentou-se na proposta Marco para Avaliação de Sistemas de Manejo de Recursos Naturais Incorporando Indicadores de Sustentabilidade (MESMIS) e abordou as dimensões ambientais, econômicas e sociais da sustentabilidade. O desenvolvimento do trabalho resultou em 6 indicadores de sustentabilidade compostos: recursos hídricos, manejo do solo, qualidade do solo, qualidade de vida, atividades laborais e condições econômicas. A mensuração dos indicadores ocorreu via entrevistas, observações diretas e análises laboratoriais. O Índice de Sustentabilidade Geral (ISG) do monocultivo foi de 2,14 e o do consórcio foi de 2,13, eles indicam que os agroecossistemas estão em condições regulares de sustentabilidade e que não há grandes evidências de diferenças entre eles. Com relação aos Indicadores de Sustentabilidade Compostos Gerais (ISCGs), os piores resultados estiveram relacionados aos recursos hídricos (1,99) e condições econômicas (1,67) ambos em situações que não contribuem com a sustentabilidade local e corroborando a relação verificada entre o não atendimento da demanda hídrica integral das plantas e sua plena produtividade. O melhor resultado (2,49) relacionou-se à qualidade de vida, representando uma condição regular de sustentabilidade. Era esperado que o consórcio tivesse demonstrado melhores níveis de sustentabilidade, no entanto, foi verificado que ele obteve situação de sustentabilidade abaixo da regular em qualidade do solo e condições econômicas. Para os dados analisados, não houve diferenças significativas entre o monocultivo e o cultivo consorciado, isso pode ter sido decorrente da forte estiagem que comprometeu a produção do coqueiro-anão em ambos os tipos de cultivo / Sustainability evaluation in agriculture provides essential information on the feasibility of farming systems, contributing to the pursuit of sustainable development. This study deals with the sustainability of coconut trees cultivation in the irrigated perimeter of the Sousa floodplains, where the dwarf coconut is cultivated in monoculture and in mixed intercropping with the banana trees. The overall objective was to assess the sustainability of the family agroecosystems that produce coconut trees in those two management forms. The agroecosystems studied belong to sectors 6 and 7 of the irrigated perimeter and the field study occurred between the years 2015 and 2016. The method for conducting the research was based on the proposal MESMIS (Framework for the evaluation of natural resource management systems incorporating sustainability indicators) and addressed the environmental, economic and social dimensions of sustainability. The development of the work resulted in 6 composite sustainability indicators: water resources, soil management, soil quality, quality of life, labor activities and economic conditions. The indicators were measured through interviews, direct observation and laboratory analyses. The Overall Sustainability Index of the monoculture was 2.14 and of the mixed intercropping was 2.13, both indicating that the agroecosystems are in regular conditions of sustainability, and that there are no great differences between them. About the overall composite sustainability indicators, the worst results were related to water resources (1.99) and economic conditions (1.67), both demonstrating small contribution to the local sustainability and corroborating a verified relationship between not providing integral water demand to plants and their full productivity. The best result (2.49) was the quality of life, representing a regular condition of sustainability. For the data analyzed, there were no significant differences between monoculture and mixed intercropping, this may have been due to the strong drought that compromised the production of dwarf coconut in both types of cultivation.
50

Evolução e diferenciação de sistemas agrários : situação e perspectivas para a agricultura e agricultores no perímetro irrigado de Chókwè/Moçambique

Amilai, Castilho Mussa January 2008 (has links)
O presente estudo teve como tema Evolução e Diferenciação de Sistemas Agrários: Situação e Perspectivas para a Agricultura e Agricultores no Perímetro Irrigado de Chókwè, na província de Gaza, sul da República de Moçambique. O mesmo visou caracterizar e compreender a evolução da agricultura e dos agricultores estabelecidos naquele perímetro. O estudo compreendeu seis capítulos. O primeiro, de caráter introdutório, fez, de uma forma sucinta, a caracterização do país, em geral, e a região de estudo, em particular e, depois, apresentou-se o problema de pesquisa. As questões estudadas foram: como os agricultores adotam práticas voltadas à exploração da fertilidade do agrossistema e como os sistemas agrários e os agricultores evoluíram no perímetro irrigado de Chókwè. As hipóteses aventadas foram: as convulsões sociopolíticas vivenciadas em cada um dos períodos em estudo, em especial com a chegada dos colonos, com a instalação do Sistema de Regadio Eduardo Mondlane (SIREMO), e com a liberalização da economia moçambicana, provocaram mudanças significativas no modo de produção do meio no perímetro irrigado de Chókwè; identifica-se uma certa correlação entre o processo de diferenciação social e os diferentes tipos de agricultura praticados pelos agricultores no perímetro irrigado de Chókwè, e as dificuldades financeiras tornaram a maioria dos agricultores, instalados no perímetro irrigado de Chókwè, depauperados, e eles estão, atualmente, sendo forçados a abandonarem suas parcelas ou a reduzir suas atividades produtivas, em especial de cultivo irrigado. Os resultados do estudo mostraram, grosso modo, que do ponto de vista do perfil socio-agrário da agricultura, no Chókwè existem cinco categorias de agricultores: depauperados, de auto-consumo, consolidados, patronais e empresários rurais. Os sistemas de produção identificados no perímetro irrigado de Chókwè mantêm, de um modo geral, as características da agricultura ancestral. Constata-se uma tendência de empobrecimento e perpetuação do êxodo rural. A terra não é um fator limitante, pois persiste uma elevada no seu uso. A expansão da agricultura baseada na Revolução Verde, não se afigura como possível de resolver os problemas da agricultura no perímetro irrigado de Chókwè. Os problemas e restrições enfrentados pelos agricultores de Chókwè são complexos e necessitam de um tratamento mais amplo do que a simples intensificação ou mecanização da agricultura. / This work is related to the characterization and understanding of the evolution of agriculture and farming systems as well, as established in an irrigated area of the district of Chokwe, Gaza province, located in the South of the Republic of Mozambique. This dissertation is organized in five chapters. The first chapter is introductory. First, the introductory chapter briefly describes the country and the studied region. Then it presents the general research problem. The research questions investigated in this study include: how do smallholder farmers adopt agricultural practices aimed at improving soil fertility in different farming systems? And how have farming systems and smallholder farmers in the irrigated area of Chokwe evolved? The studied hypothesis comprises whether socio-political conflicts experienced in each one of the studied historical periods – especially the colonial period, the establishment of Eduardo Mondlane Irrigation System (SIREMO), and the era after the start of economic liberalization in Mozambique – led to considerable changes in the farming systems in the irrigated area of Chokwe. A correlation between social differentiation and different smallholder farmers’ farming systems in the Chokwe irrigated area is observed. Lack of financial resources seems to have forced smallholder farmers operating in the irrigated areas of Chokwe to either completely abandon their agricultural production plots or reduce their agricultural production activities with special emphasis on irrigated land, making them impoverished. In general, the results of the study show that from the social-agrarian point of view of the agriculture, smallholder farmers located in the irrigated area of Chokwe are divided into 5 categories, namely impoverished, auto-consumption, consolidated, employers and rural entrepreneurs. The farming systems of the irrigated areas of Chokwe sustain the characteristics of an ancestral agriculture with the risk of, instead of improving, further impoverishing rural areas and perpetuating rural exodus. Land availability is not a limiting factor because uncultivated land suitable for agriculture is still plenty. Finally, the so-called Green Revolution by itself cannot be regarded as a miracle because the problems of the agricultural production in the irrigated area are very complex and require a broader approach beyond the simple intensification of the agricultural practices or mechanization.

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